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A compression member is a general class of structural elements of which a column
Column

File:National Capitol Columns - Washington, D.C..jpgA column in structural engineering is a vertical structural element that transmits, through physical compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below....
  is the most common specific example.

a compression member, such as a column, the principal stress comes mainly from axial
Axial

Axial has different meanings:* In geometry, it means: along the same line as an axis of rotation or centerline: parallel , contrary to radial, perpendicular or tangential...
 forces, that is forces that fall along one line, usually the centerline.

The loading capacity of a short column is determined by strength limit of the material.






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A compression member is a general class of structural elements of which a column
Column

File:National Capitol Columns - Washington, D.C..jpgA column in structural engineering is a vertical structural element that transmits, through physical compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below....
  is the most common specific example.

Description

For a compression member, such as a column, the principal stress comes mainly from axial
Axial

Axial has different meanings:* In geometry, it means: along the same line as an axis of rotation or centerline: parallel , contrary to radial, perpendicular or tangential...
 forces, that is forces that fall along one line, usually the centerline.

The loading capacity of a short column is determined by strength limit of the material. The strength of a column of intermediate size is limited by its degree of inelasticity. A long column is constrained by the elastic limit (that is by amount of buckling
Buckling

In engineering, buckling is a structural failure characterized by a sudden failure of a structural member subjected to high compressive stresses, where the actual compressive stress at the point of failure is less than the ultimate compressive stresses that the material is capable of withstanding....
).

See also

  • Brown truss
    Brown truss

    A Brown truss is a type of bridge truss, used in covered bridges. It is noted for its economical use of materials and is named after the inventor, Josiah Brown Jr., of Buffalo, New York, New York, who patented it July 7, 1857 as United States Patent and Trademark Office 17,722....
  • Compression arch suspended-deck bridge
    Compression arch suspended-deck bridge

    A compression arch suspended-deck bridge, or through arch bridge, is a bridge made from modern materials such as steel or reinforced concrete in which a compression member arch rises above the deck....
  • Tension
    Tension (mechanics)

    In physics, tension is the magnitude of the pulling force exerted by a string, cable, chain, or similar object on another object. Tension is measured newtons or pounds-force and is always parallel to the string on which it applies....
  • Tensile strength
    Tensile strength

    Tensile strength , or is the Stress at which a material breaks or permanently deforms. Tensile strength is an Intensive and extensive properties and, consequently, does not depend on the size of the test specimen....
  • Shear stress
    Shear stress

    File:Shear stress.JPGA shear stress, denoted , is defined as a stress which is applied parallel or tangent to a face of a material, as opposed to a normal stress which is applied perpendicularly....
  • Strength of materials
    Strength of materials

    In materials science, the strength of a material refers to the material's ability to withstand an applied stress without failure. Yield strength refers to the point on the engineering stress-strain curve beyond which the material begins deformation that cannot be reversed upon removal of the loading....
  • Hooke's law
    Hooke's law

    In mechanics, and physics, Hooke's law of theory of elasticity is an approximation that states that the extension of a spring is in direct proportion with the load added to it as long as this load does not exceed the elastic limit....


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