Compartment (chemistry)
Encyclopedia
In chemistry
, a compartment is a part of a protein
that serves a specific function.
There may be multiple compartments on one and the same protein. One example is the case of Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. This is the enzyme which catalyses Pyruvate decarboxylation, the reaction of Pyruvate with Coenzyme A and the major entry point into the TCA cycle:
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
has three chemical compartments; E1 (pyruvate decarboxylase
), E2 (dihydrolipoyl transacetylase
) and E3 (dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase). Each one of the compartments has its own specific function.
Chemistry
Chemistry is the science of matter, especially its chemical reactions, but also its composition, structure and properties. Chemistry is concerned with atoms and their interactions with other atoms, and particularly with the properties of chemical bonds....
, a compartment is a part of a protein
Protein
Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...
that serves a specific function.
There may be multiple compartments on one and the same protein. One example is the case of Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. This is the enzyme which catalyses Pyruvate decarboxylation, the reaction of Pyruvate with Coenzyme A and the major entry point into the TCA cycle:
- Pyruvate + Coenzyme A + NAD+ ⇒ acetyl-CoA + NADH + H+ + CO2
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is a complex of three enzymes that transform pyruvate into acetyl-CoA by a process called pyruvate decarboxylation. Acetyl-CoA may then be used in the citric acid cycle to carry out cellular respiration, and this complex links the glycolysis metabolic pathway to the...
has three chemical compartments; E1 (pyruvate decarboxylase
Pyruvate decarboxylase
Not to be confused with pyruvate dehydrogenase, the enzyme which catalyses the link reaction.Pyruvate decarboxylase is a homotetrameric enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of pyruvic acid to acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide in the cytoplasm. It is also called 2-oxo-acid carboxylase,...
), E2 (dihydrolipoyl transacetylase
Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase
Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase is an enzyme component of the multienzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is responsible for the pyruvate decarboxylation step that links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle...
) and E3 (dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase). Each one of the compartments has its own specific function.