Comparison of relational database management systems

The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of relational database management system

Relational database management system

A relational database management system is a database management system that is based on the relational model as introduced by E. F. Codd. Most popular databases currently in use are based on the relational database model....

s. Please see the individual products' articles for further information. This article is not all-inclusive or necessarily up to date. Unless otherwise specified in footnotes, comparisons are based on the stable versions without any add-ons, extensions or external programs.

General information

	Maintainer	First public release date	Latest stable version	Latest release date	Software license
4D (4th Dimension) 4th Dimension (Software) 4th Dimension is a relational database management system and IDE developed by Laurent Ribardière. 4D was created in 1984....	4D s.a.s	1984	v12.2 SQL		Proprietary Proprietary software Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...
ADABAS Adabas ADABAS is Software AG’s primary database management system.- History :First released in 1970, ADABAS is considered by some to have been one of the earliest commercially available database products...	Software AG Software AG Founded in 1969, Software AG is an enterprise software company with over 10,000 enterprise customers in over 70 countries. The company is the second largest software vendor in Germany, the fourth in Europe and among the top 25 globally...	1970	8.1		Proprietary Proprietary software Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...
Adaptive Server Enterprise Adaptive Server Enterprise Adaptive Server Enterprise is Sybase Corporation's flagship enterprise-class relational model database server product. ASE is predominantly used on the Unix platform but is also available for Windows.-History:...	Sybase Sybase Sybase, an SAP company, is an enterprise software and services company offering software to manage, analyze, and mobilize information, using relational databases, analytics and data warehousing solutions and mobile applications development platforms....	1987	15.7		Proprietary Proprietary software Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...
Advantage Database Server (ADS)	Sybase Sybase Sybase, an SAP company, is an enterprise software and services company offering software to manage, analyze, and mobilize information, using relational databases, analytics and data warehousing solutions and mobile applications development platforms....	1992	10.1	2010-12	Proprietary Proprietary software Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...
Altibase Altibase Altibase helps its customers maximize their data investments by providing real-time data performance solutions. In today’s competitive business environment, Altibase enables companies to drastically improve the speed of data access and analysis across the enterprise....	Altibase Corp.	2000-07	5.1.1		Proprietary Proprietary software Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...
Apache Derby Apache Derby Apache Derby is a relational database management system developed by the Apache Software Foundation that can be embedded in Java programs and used for online transaction processing. It has a 2 MB disk-space footprint.Apache Derby is developed as an open source project under the Apache 2.0 license...	Apache Apache Software Foundation The Apache Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation to support Apache software projects, including the Apache HTTP Server. The ASF was formed from the Apache Group and incorporated in Delaware, U.S., in June 1999.The Apache Software Foundation is a decentralized community of developers...	2004	10.8.1.2	2011-05-02	Apache License Apache License The Apache License is a copyfree free software license authored by the Apache Software Foundation . The Apache License requires preservation of the copyright notice and disclaimer....
CUBRID CUBRID CUBRID is a comprehensive open source relational database management system highly optimized for Web applications, especially when complex business services process large amount of data and generate huge concurrent requests...	NHN Corporation	2008-11	8.4.0	2011-05-12	GPL GNU General Public License The GNU General Public License is the most widely used free software license, originally written by Richard Stallman for the GNU Project....  v2
Datacom	CA, Inc.		11.2		Proprietary Proprietary software Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...
DB2 IBM DB2 The IBM DB2 Enterprise Server Edition is a relational model database server developed by IBM. It primarily runs on Unix , Linux, IBM i , z/OS and Windows servers. DB2 also powers the different IBM InfoSphere Warehouse editions...	IBM IBM International Business Machines Corporation or IBM is an American multinational technology and consulting corporation headquartered in Armonk, New York, United States. IBM manufactures and sells computer hardware and software, and it offers infrastructure, hosting and consulting services in areas...	1983	9.7	2009-04-22	Proprietary Proprietary software Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...
Drizzle Drizzle (database server) Drizzle is a free software/open source relational database management system that was forked from version 6.0 of the MySQL DBMS.Like MySQL, Drizzle has a client/server architecture and uses SQL as its primary command language...	Brian Aker Brian Aker Brian Aker, born August 4, 1972 in Lexington, Kentucky, USA is an open-source hacker who has worked on various Apache modules, the Slash system, and numerous storage engines for the MySQL database. Aker was Director of Architecture at MySQL AB until it was acquired by Sun Microsystems. He led...	2008	Build 1126		BSD, GPL GNU General Public License The GNU General Public License is the most widely used free software license, originally written by Richard Stallman for the GNU Project....  v2
Empress Embedded Database	Empress Software Inc	1979	10.20	2010-03	Proprietary Proprietary software Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...
FileMaker FileMaker FileMaker Pro is a cross-platform relational database application from FileMaker Inc., formerly Claris, a subsidiary of Apple Inc. It integrates a database engine with a GUI-based interface, allowing users to modify the database by dragging new elements into layouts, screens, or forms...	FileMaker	1984	11.0	2010-03	Proprietary Proprietary software Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...
Firebird Firebird (database server) Firebird is an open source SQL relational database management system that runs on Linux, Windows, and a variety of Unix. The database forked from Borland's open source edition of InterBase in 2000, but since Firebird 1.5 the code has been largely rewritten ....	Firebird project	2000-07-25	2.5.1	2011-10-04	IPL and IDPL
FrontBase	FrontBase, Inc	1996	5.1.2	2010-01	Proprietary Proprietary software Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...
HSQLDB HSQLDB HSQLDB is a relational database management system written in Java. It has a JDBC driver and supports a large subset of SQL-92 and SQL:2008 standards. It offers a fast, small database engine which offers both in-memory and disk-based tables...	HSQL Development Group	2001	2.2.5	2011-07	BSD
H2 H2 (DBMS) H2 is a relational database management system written in Java. It can be embedded in Java applications or run in the client-server mode. The disk footprint is about 1 MB....	H2 Software	2005	1.3.160	2011-09-11	EPL Eclipse Public License The Eclipse Public License is an open source software license used by the Eclipse Foundation for its software. It replaces the Common Public License and removes certain terms relating to litigations related to patents....  and modified MPL Mozilla Public License The Mozilla Public License is a free and open source software license. Version 1.0 was developed by Mitchell Baker when she worked as a lawyer at Netscape Communications Corporation and version 1.1 at the Mozilla Foundation...
Informix Dynamic Server Informix Dynamic Server Informix Dynamic Server, also known as IDS, is an extensible Relational Database Management System originally developed by Informix Software Inc....	IBM IBM International Business Machines Corporation or IBM is an American multinational technology and consulting corporation headquartered in Armonk, New York, United States. IBM manufactures and sells computer hardware and software, and it offers infrastructure, hosting and consulting services in areas...	1981????1980	11.70.xC2	2011-03-28	Proprietary Proprietary software Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...
Ingres	Ingres Corp.	1974	Ingres Database 10	2010-10-12	GPL GNU General Public License The GNU General Public License is the most widely used free software license, originally written by Richard Stallman for the GNU Project....  and Proprietary Proprietary software Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...
InterBase InterBase InterBase is a relational database management system currently developed and marketed by Embarcadero Technologies. InterBase is distinguished from other DBMSs by its small footprint, close to zero administration requirements, and multi-generational architecture...	Embarcadero InterBase InterBase is a relational database management system currently developed and marketed by Embarcadero Technologies. InterBase is distinguished from other DBMSs by its small footprint, close to zero administration requirements, and multi-generational architecture...	1984	InterBase XE	2010-09-21	Proprietary Proprietary software Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...
Linter SQL RDBMS Linter SQL RDBMS Linter SQL RDBMS is the main product of RELEX Group. Linter is a Russian DBMS compliant with the SQL-92 standard and supporting the majority of operating systems, among them Win32 , NetWare, various versions of Unix, OS9, QNX, VxWorks and others...	RELEX Group RELEX Group -Structure:RELEX Group includes the following companies: RELEX, Inc. , RMCSoft, Inc. , and RELEX K .-Activities:...	1990	6.x		Proprietary Proprietary software Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...
LucidDB LucidDB LucidDB is an Open Source database purpose-built to power Data Warehouses, OLAP servers and Business Intelligence systems.LucidDB is the first and only open-source RDBMS purpose-built entirely for data warehousing and business intelligence...	The Eigenbase Project	2007-01	0.9.3		GPL GNU General Public License The GNU General Public License is the most widely used free software license, originally written by Richard Stallman for the GNU Project....  v2
D-Softs Database Compare		2008-01	2.6.2		GPL GNU General Public License The GNU General Public License is the most widely used free software license, originally written by Richard Stallman for the GNU Project....  v2
MariaDB MariaDB MariaDB is a community-developed branch of the MySQL database, the impetus being the community maintenance of its free status under GPL, as opposed to any uncertainty of MySQL license status under its current ownership by Oracle....	MariaDB Community MariaDB MariaDB is a community-developed branch of the MySQL database, the impetus being the community maintenance of its free status under GPL, as opposed to any uncertainty of MySQL license status under its current ownership by Oracle....	?	5.2	2011-09-22	GPL GNU General Public License The GNU General Public License is the most widely used free software license, originally written by Richard Stallman for the GNU Project....  v2
MaxDB MaxDB MaxDB is an ANSI SQL-92 compliant relational database management system from SAP AG, which was delivered also by MySQL AB from 2003 to 2007. MaxDB is targeted for large SAP environments e.g. mySAP Business Suite and other applications that require enterprise-level database functionality...	SAP AG SAP AG SAP AG is a German software corporation that makes enterprise software to manage business operations and customer relations. Headquartered in Walldorf, Baden-Württemberg, with regional offices around the world, SAP is the market leader in enterprise application software...	2003-05	7.6	2008-01	Proprietary Proprietary software Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...
Microsoft Access Microsoft Access Microsoft Office Access, previously known as Microsoft Access, is a relational database management system from Microsoft that combines the relational Microsoft Jet Database Engine with a graphical user interface and software-development tools. It is a member of the Microsoft Office suite of...  (JET)	Microsoft Microsoft Microsoft Corporation is an American public multinational corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington, USA that develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports a wide range of products and services predominantly related to computing through its various product divisions...	1992	14 (2010)		Proprietary Proprietary software Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...
Microsoft Visual Foxpro	Microsoft Microsoft Microsoft Corporation is an American public multinational corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington, USA that develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports a wide range of products and services predominantly related to computing through its various product divisions...	1984	9 (2005)	2007-10-11	Proprietary Proprietary software Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...
Microsoft SQL Server Microsoft SQL Server Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database server, developed by Microsoft: It is a software product whose primary function is to store and retrieve data as requested by other software applications, be it those on the same computer or those running on another computer across a network...	Microsoft Microsoft Microsoft Corporation is an American public multinational corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington, USA that develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports a wide range of products and services predominantly related to computing through its various product divisions...	1989	2008 R2 (v10.5)		Proprietary Proprietary software Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...
Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database) SQL Server Compact Microsoft SQL Server Compact is a compact relational database produced by Microsoft for applications that run on mobile devices and desktops. Prior to the introduction of the desktop platform, it was known as SQL Server for Windows CE and SQL Server Mobile Edition...	Microsoft Microsoft Microsoft Corporation is an American public multinational corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington, USA that develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports a wide range of products and services predominantly related to computing through its various product divisions...	2000	2010 (v3.5 SP2)		Proprietary Proprietary software Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...
MonetDB/SQL MonetDB MonetDB is an open source column-oriented database management system developed at the Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica in the Netherlands.It was designed to provide high performance on complex queries against large databases,e.g...	The MonetDB Developer Team	2004	5.22	2010-10	MonetDB Public License v1.1
mSQL MSQL mSQL or Mini SQL is a historically important lightweight database management system from Hughes Technologies.-History:In 1993-94 David Hughes developed a network monitoring and management system called "Minerva". The design of this system required a database management system to store its...	Hughes Technologies	1994	3.9	2011-02	Proprietary Proprietary software Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...
MySQL MySQL MySQL officially, but also commonly "My Sequel") is a relational database management system that runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases. It is named after developer Michael Widenius' daughter, My...	Sun Microsystems Sun Microsystems Sun Microsystems, Inc. was a company that sold :computers, computer components, :computer software, and :information technology services. Sun was founded on February 24, 1982...  (now Oracle Corporation Oracle Corporation Oracle Corporation is an American multinational computer technology corporation that specializes in developing and marketing hardware systems and enterprise software products – particularly database management systems... )	1995-11	5.5.17	2011-10-21	GPL GNU General Public License The GNU General Public License is the most widely used free software license, originally written by Richard Stallman for the GNU Project....  or Proprietary Proprietary software Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...
Nexusdb NexusDB NexusDB is a commercial database engine for the Delphi, C++ Builder and .NET programming languages created by NexusDB Pty Ltd. It was developed as a successor to the TurboPower FlashFiler system for Delphi...	Nexus Database Systems Pty Ltd	2003-09	3.04	2010-05-08	Proprietary Proprietary software Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...
HP NonStop SQL NonStop SQL Nonstop SQL is software that is developed and sold by Hewlett Packard. Nonstop SQL is a commercial relational database management system that is designed for fault tolerance and scalability. The latest version of the product is SQL/MX 3.0. This was released in February 2011.The product was...	Hewlett-Packard Hewlett-Packard Hewlett-Packard Company or HP is an American multinational information technology corporation headquartered in Palo Alto, California, USA that provides products, technologies, softwares, solutions and services to consumers, small- and medium-sized businesses and large enterprises, including...	1987	SQL/MX 2.3		Proprietary Proprietary software Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...
Omnis Studio OMNIS OMNIS is the Malagasy government organisation, operating under the auspices of the Ministry of Energy, responsible for:...	TigerLogic Inc	1982-07	4.3.1 Release 1no	2008-05	Proprietary Proprietary software Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...
OpenBase SQL OpenBase OpenBase SQL is a relational database server software, originally developed for the OpenStep platform. First released in 1991, OpenBase is available today for several platforms, although the bulk of its users are on Mac OS X...	OpenBase International	1991	11.0.0		Proprietary Proprietary software Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...
Oracle Oracle database The Oracle Database is an object-relational database management system produced and marketed by Oracle Corporation....	Oracle Corporation Oracle Corporation Oracle Corporation is an American multinational computer technology corporation that specializes in developing and marketing hardware systems and enterprise software products – particularly database management systems...	1979-11	11g Release 2	2009-09	Proprietary Proprietary software Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...
Oracle Rdb Oracle Rdb Rdb/VMS is a relational database management system for the Hewlett-Packard OpenVMS operating system. It was originally created by Digital Equipment Corporation in 1984 as part of the VMS Information Architecture, intended to be used for data storage and retrieval by high-level languages and/or...	Oracle Corporation Oracle Corporation Oracle Corporation is an American multinational computer technology corporation that specializes in developing and marketing hardware systems and enterprise software products – particularly database management systems...	1984	7.2.5.0	2011-06-20	Proprietary Proprietary software Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...
OpenEdge OpenEdge Database The Openedge Database is a relational database . It was formerly known as the Progress RDBMS.see also:* Progress Software Corporation* OpenEdge Advanced Business Language...	Progress Software Corporation	1984	10.2B		Proprietary Proprietary software Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...
OpenLink Virtuoso Virtuoso Universal Server Virtuoso Universal Server is a middleware and database engine hybrid that combines the functionality of a traditional RDBMS, ORDBMS, virtual database, RDF, XML, free-text, web application server and file server functionality in a single system...	OpenLink Software	1998	6.2	2010-09	GPL GNU General Public License The GNU General Public License is the most widely used free software license, originally written by Richard Stallman for the GNU Project....  or Proprietary Proprietary software Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...
Paradox Paradox (database) Paradox is a relational database management system currently published by Corel Corporation. It was originally released for DOS by Ansa Software, and then by Borland after it bought the company...	Corel Corporation	1985	11	2003	Proprietary Proprietary software Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...
Pervasive PSQL	Pervasive Software Pervasive Software Pervasive Software develops and distributes data infrastructure software and ETL tools that integrate, analyze, secure, manage and harvest data from disparate sources. Pervasive Data Integrator and Pervasive Data Profiler are the flagship integration products, and the Pervasive PSQL relational...	1982	11	2011-07	Proprietary Proprietary software Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...
Polyhedra DBMS Polyhedra DBMS Polyhedra is a family of relational database management systems offered by ENEA AB, a Swedish company. The original version of Polyhedra was an in-memory database management system which could be used in high availability configurations; in 2006 Polyhedra FlashLite was introduced to allow...	ENEA AB ENEA AB ENEA is global information technology company with its headquarters in Kista, Sweden that provides real-time operating systems and consulting services...	1993	8.4	2010-12	Proprietary Proprietary software Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...
PostgreSQL PostgreSQL PostgreSQL, often simply Postgres, is an object-relational database management system available for many platforms including Linux, FreeBSD, Solaris, MS Windows and Mac OS X. It is released under the PostgreSQL License, which is an MIT-style license, and is thus free and open source software...	PostgreSQL Global Development Group	1989-06	9.1.1	2011-09-26	PostgreSQL licence (Free and Open Source)
R:Base R:Base R:BASE was the first relational database program for the PC. Created by Wayne Erickson in 1981, the original R:Base database was written on a Heathkit CPM computer that Erickson built at home. On November 13, 1981, Erickson and his brother, Ron Erickson, incorporated the company, MicroRim, Inc....	R:BASE Technologies	1982	7.6		Proprietary Proprietary software Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...
RDM Embedded RDM Embedded RDM Embedded is a high performance, ACID-compliant embedded database management system designed to be linked into C/C++ application programs. RDM Embedded has been designed to utilize multi-core computers, networking , and in-memory or on-disk storage. It provides a low-level C API and a higher...	Raima Inc.	1984	10.1	2011-08-31	Proprietary Proprietary software Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...
RDM Server RDM Server RDM Server is an embeddable, heterogeneous, client/server database management system supporting both C/C++ and SQL APIs for programming flexibility. The databases can be disk resident and/or memory resident. RDM Server implements multi-user locking, hot database backup, and a fully ACID compliant...	Raima Inc.	1993	8.3		Proprietary Proprietary software Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...
ScimoreDB ScimoreDB ScimoreDB is a proprietary freeware relational database management system for Microsoft Windows, developed by Scimore UAB.It features advanced features: SQL, ACID transactions, Multiversion concurrency control, free text search, shared nothing clustering, functional procedural shipment for...	Scimore	2005	3.0	2008-03-03	Proprietary Proprietary software Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...
SmallSQL SmallSQL The SmallSQL Database is a 100% pure Java DBMS for desktop applications. It has a JDBC 3.0 driver and supports SQL-92 and SQL-99 standards. It has a very small footprint of approx. 200KB for driver and database together. This is very small for a JDBC 3.0 interface.The difference to other 100% pure...	SmallSQL SmallSQL The SmallSQL Database is a 100% pure Java DBMS for desktop applications. It has a JDBC 3.0 driver and supports SQL-92 and SQL-99 standards. It has a very small footprint of approx. 200KB for driver and database together. This is very small for a JDBC 3.0 interface.The difference to other 100% pure...	2005-04-16	0.20	2008-12	LGPL
SQL Anywhere SQL Anywhere SQL Anywhere is a relational database management system product from the company Sybase iAnywhere, a subsidiary of Sybase.- Features :...	Sybase Sybase Sybase, an SAP company, is an enterprise software and services company offering software to manage, analyze, and mobilize information, using relational databases, analytics and data warehousing solutions and mobile applications development platforms....	1992	12.0	2010-07-09	Proprietary Proprietary software Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...
SQLBase	Unify Corp.	1982	11.5	2008-11	Proprietary Proprietary software Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...
SQLite SQLite SQLite is an ACID-compliant embedded relational database management system contained in a relatively small C programming library. The source code for SQLite is in the public domain and implements most of the SQL standard...	D. Richard Hipp D. Richard Hipp Dwayne Richard Hipp is the architect and primary author of SQLite as well as Fossil SCM. He and his wife, Ginger G. Wyrick, currently live and work in Charlotte, North Carolina. He also authored the Lemon Parser Generator and CVSTrac. CVSTrac became the inspiration for Trac. He is also a member of...	2000-08-17	3.7.6.3	2011-05-19	Public domain Public domain Works are in the public domain if the intellectual property rights have expired, if the intellectual property rights are forfeited, or if they are not covered by intellectual property rights at all...
Superbase Superbase database Superbase is an end-user desktop database program that started on the Commodore PET and was ported from that to various operating systems over the course of more than 20 years...	Superbase Superbase database Superbase is an end-user desktop database program that started on the Commodore PET and was ported from that to various operating systems over the course of more than 20 years...	1984	Scientific (2004)		Proprietary Proprietary software Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...
Teradata Teradata Teradata Corporation is a vendor specializing in data warehousing and analytic applications. Its products are commonly used by companies to manage data warehouses for analytics and business intelligence purposes. Teradata was formerly a division of NCR Corporation, with the spinoff from NCR on...	Teradata Teradata Teradata Corporation is a vendor specializing in data warehousing and analytic applications. Its products are commonly used by companies to manage data warehouses for analytics and business intelligence purposes. Teradata was formerly a division of NCR Corporation, with the spinoff from NCR on...	1984	13.10		Proprietary Proprietary software Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...
UniData	Rocket Software	1988	7.2.12	2011-10	Proprietary Proprietary software Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...
UniVerse Universe The Universe is commonly defined as the totality of everything that exists, including all matter and energy, the planets, stars, galaxies, and the contents of intergalactic space. Definitions and usage vary and similar terms include the cosmos, the world and nature...	Rocket Software	1985	11.1.4	2011-08	Proprietary Proprietary software Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of the copyright holder. The licensee is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, while restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering.Complementary...

Timeline

Timeline of the development of major RDBMS software:

Operating system support

The operating system

Operating system

An operating system is a set of programs that manage computer hardware resources and provide common services for application software. The operating system is the most important type of system software in a computer system...

s the RDBMSes can run on.

	Windows Microsoft Windows Microsoft Windows is a series of operating systems produced by Microsoft.Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20, 1985 as an add-on to MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces . Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world's personal...	Mac OS X Mac OS X Mac OS X is a series of Unix-based operating systems and graphical user interfaces developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc. Since 2002, has been included with all new Macintosh computer systems...	Linux Linux Linux is a Unix-like computer operating system assembled under the model of free and open source software development and distribution. The defining component of any Linux system is the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released October 5, 1991 by Linus Torvalds...	BSD	UNIX Unix Unix is a multitasking, multi-user computer operating system originally developed in 1969 by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs, including Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Brian Kernighan, Douglas McIlroy, and Joe Ossanna...	AmigaOS AmigaOS AmigaOS is the default native operating system of the Amiga personal computer. It was developed first by Commodore International, and initially introduced in 1985 with the Amiga 1000...	Symbian Symbian Symbian is a mobile operating system and computing platform designed for smartphones and currently maintained by Accenture. The Symbian platform is the successor to Symbian OS and Nokia Series 60; unlike Symbian OS, which needed an additional user interface system, Symbian includes a user...	z/OS Z/OS z/OS is a 64-bit operating system for mainframe computers, produced by IBM. It derives from and is the successor to OS/390, which in turn followed a string of MVS versions.Starting with earliest:*OS/VS2 Release 2 through Release 3.8... 1	iOS IOS iOS is an operating system for iPad, iPhone, iPod Touch, and Apple TV.IOS may also refer to:-Companies and organisations:* Illinois Ornithological Society, American state-based bird club...	Android Android An android is a robot or synthetic organism designed to look and act like a human, and with a body having a flesh-like resemblance. Although "android" is used almost universally to refer to both sexes, and those of no particular sex, "Android" technically refers to the male form, while "Gynoid" is...
4th Dimension 4th Dimension (Software) 4th Dimension is a relational database management system and IDE developed by Laurent Ribardière. 4D was created in 1984....
ADABAS Adabas ADABAS is Software AG’s primary database management system.- History :First released in 1970, ADABAS is considered by some to have been one of the earliest commercially available database products...
Adaptive Server Enterprise Adaptive Server Enterprise Adaptive Server Enterprise is Sybase Corporation's flagship enterprise-class relational model database server product. ASE is predominantly used on the Unix platform but is also available for Windows.-History:...
Advantage Database Server Advantage Database Server Advantage Database Server is a relational database management system for small to medium sized businesses by Sybase iAnywhere. Database author Cary Jensen describes Advantage as follows: "Advantage has been around since 1993, when it was introduced to provide a stable solution for Clipper...
Altibase Altibase Altibase helps its customers maximize their data investments by providing real-time data performance solutions. In today’s competitive business environment, Altibase enables companies to drastically improve the speed of data access and analysis across the enterprise....
Apache Derby Apache Derby Apache Derby is a relational database management system developed by the Apache Software Foundation that can be embedded in Java programs and used for online transaction processing. It has a 2 MB disk-space footprint.Apache Derby is developed as an open source project under the Apache 2.0 license... 2
CUBRID CUBRID CUBRID is a comprehensive open source relational database management system highly optimized for Web applications, especially when complex business services process large amount of data and generate huge concurrent requests...		10
Drizzle Drizzle (database server) Drizzle is a free software/open source relational database management system that was forked from version 6.0 of the MySQL DBMS.Like MySQL, Drizzle has a client/server architecture and uses SQL as its primary command language...
DB2 IBM DB2 The IBM DB2 Enterprise Server Edition is a relational model database server developed by IBM. It primarily runs on Unix , Linux, IBM i , z/OS and Windows servers. DB2 also powers the different IBM InfoSphere Warehouse editions... 5		(Express C IBM DB2 Express-C IBM DB2 Express-C is a free to download, use and redistribute edition of the IBM DB2 data server, which has both XML database and relational database management system features.-History:... )
Empress Embedded Database
Firebird Firebird (database server) Firebird is an open source SQL relational database management system that runs on Linux, Windows, and a variety of Unix. The database forked from Borland's open source edition of InterBase in 2000, but since Firebird 1.5 the code has been largely rewritten ....
HSQLDB HSQLDB HSQLDB is a relational database management system written in Java. It has a JDBC driver and supports a large subset of SQL-92 and SQL:2008 standards. It offers a fast, small database engine which offers both in-memory and disk-based tables... 2
H2 H2 (DBMS) H2 is a relational database management system written in Java. It can be embedded in Java applications or run in the client-server mode. The disk footprint is about 1 MB.... 2
FileMaker FileMaker FileMaker Pro is a cross-platform relational database application from FileMaker Inc., formerly Claris, a subsidiary of Apple Inc. It integrates a database engine with a GUI-based interface, allowing users to modify the database by dragging new elements into layouts, screens, or forms...
Informix Dynamic Server Informix Dynamic Server Informix Dynamic Server, also known as IDS, is an extensible Relational Database Management System originally developed by Informix Software Inc....
Ingres
InterBase InterBase InterBase is a relational database management system currently developed and marketed by Embarcadero Technologies. InterBase is distinguished from other DBMSs by its small footprint, close to zero administration requirements, and multi-generational architecture...					(Solaris)
Linter SQL RDBMS Linter SQL RDBMS Linter SQL RDBMS is the main product of RELEX Group. Linter is a Russian DBMS compliant with the SQL-92 standard and supporting the majority of operating systems, among them Win32 , NetWare, various versions of Unix, OS9, QNX, VxWorks and others... 6					6
LucidDB LucidDB LucidDB is an Open Source database purpose-built to power Data Warehouses, OLAP servers and Business Intelligence systems.LucidDB is the first and only open-source RDBMS purpose-built entirely for data warehousing and business intelligence...
MariaDB MariaDB MariaDB is a community-developed branch of the MySQL database, the impetus being the community maintenance of its free status under GPL, as opposed to any uncertainty of MySQL license status under its current ownership by Oracle....
MaxDB MaxDB MaxDB is an ANSI SQL-92 compliant relational database management system from SAP AG, which was delivered also by MySQL AB from 2003 to 2007. MaxDB is targeted for large SAP environments e.g. mySAP Business Suite and other applications that require enterprise-level database functionality...
Microsoft Access Microsoft Access Microsoft Office Access, previously known as Microsoft Access, is a relational database management system from Microsoft that combines the relational Microsoft Jet Database Engine with a graphical user interface and software-development tools. It is a member of the Microsoft Office suite of...  (JET)
Microsoft Visual Foxpro
Microsoft SQL Server Microsoft SQL Server Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database server, developed by Microsoft: It is a software product whose primary function is to store and retrieve data as requested by other software applications, be it those on the same computer or those running on another computer across a network...
Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database) SQL Server Compact Microsoft SQL Server Compact is a compact relational database produced by Microsoft for applications that run on mobile devices and desktops. Prior to the introduction of the desktop platform, it was known as SQL Server for Windows CE and SQL Server Mobile Edition...
MonetDB/SQL MonetDB MonetDB is an open source column-oriented database management system developed at the Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica in the Netherlands.It was designed to provide high performance on complex queries against large databases,e.g...
MySQL MySQL MySQL officially, but also commonly "My Sequel") is a relational database management system that runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases. It is named after developer Michael Widenius' daughter, My... 8
Omnis Studio Omnis Studio Omnis Studio is a rapid application development tool that allows programmers and application developers to create enterprise, web, and mobile applications for Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X personal computers and servers across all business sectors....
OpenBase SQL OpenBase OpenBase SQL is a relational database server software, originally developed for the OpenStep platform. First released in 1991, OpenBase is available today for several platforms, although the bulk of its users are on Mac OS X...
Oracle Oracle database The Oracle Database is an object-relational database management system produced and marketed by Oracle Corporation.... 4
Oracle Rdb Oracle Rdb Rdb/VMS is a relational database management system for the Hewlett-Packard OpenVMS operating system. It was originally created by Digital Equipment Corporation in 1984 as part of the VMS Information Architecture, intended to be used for data storage and retrieval by high-level languages and/or... 3
OpenEdge OpenEdge Database The Openedge Database is a relational database . It was formerly known as the Progress RDBMS.see also:* Progress Software Corporation* OpenEdge Advanced Business Language...
OpenLink Virtuoso Virtuoso Universal Server Virtuoso Universal Server is a middleware and database engine hybrid that combines the functionality of a traditional RDBMS, ORDBMS, virtual database, RDF, XML, free-text, web application server and file server functionality in a single system...
Pervasive PSQL		(OEM only)
Polyhedra Polyhedra DBMS Polyhedra is a family of relational database management systems offered by ENEA AB, a Swedish company. The original version of Polyhedra was an in-memory database management system which could be used in high availability configurations; in 2006 Polyhedra FlashLite was introduced to allow... 7
PostgreSQL PostgreSQL PostgreSQL, often simply Postgres, is an object-relational database management system available for many platforms including Linux, FreeBSD, Solaris, MS Windows and Mac OS X. It is released under the PostgreSQL License, which is an MIT-style license, and is thus free and open source software...
R:Base R:Base R:BASE was the first relational database program for the PC. Created by Wayne Erickson in 1981, the original R:Base database was written on a Heathkit CPM computer that Erickson built at home. On November 13, 1981, Erickson and his brother, Ron Erickson, incorporated the company, MicroRim, Inc....
RDM Embedded RDM Embedded RDM Embedded is a high performance, ACID-compliant embedded database management system designed to be linked into C/C++ application programs. RDM Embedded has been designed to utilize multi-core computers, networking , and in-memory or on-disk storage. It provides a low-level C API and a higher...
RDM Server RDM Server RDM Server is an embeddable, heterogeneous, client/server database management system supporting both C/C++ and SQL APIs for programming flexibility. The databases can be disk resident and/or memory resident. RDM Server implements multi-user locking, hot database backup, and a fully ACID compliant...
ScimoreDB ScimoreDB ScimoreDB is a proprietary freeware relational database management system for Microsoft Windows, developed by Scimore UAB.It features advanced features: SQL, ACID transactions, Multiversion concurrency control, free text search, shared nothing clustering, functional procedural shipment for...
SmallSQL SmallSQL The SmallSQL Database is a 100% pure Java DBMS for desktop applications. It has a JDBC 3.0 driver and supports SQL-92 and SQL-99 standards. It has a very small footprint of approx. 200KB for driver and database together. This is very small for a JDBC 3.0 interface.The difference to other 100% pure... 2
SQL Anywhere SQL Anywhere SQL Anywhere is a relational database management system product from the company Sybase iAnywhere, a subsidiary of Sybase.- Features :...
SQLBase
SQLite SQLite SQLite is an ACID-compliant embedded relational database management system contained in a relatively small C programming library. The source code for SQLite is in the public domain and implements most of the SQL standard...
Superbase Superbase database Superbase is an end-user desktop database program that started on the Commodore PET and was ported from that to various operating systems over the course of more than 20 years...
Teradata Teradata Teradata Corporation is a vendor specializing in data warehousing and analytic applications. Its products are commonly used by companies to manage data warehouses for analytics and business intelligence purposes. Teradata was formerly a division of NCR Corporation, with the spinoff from NCR on...
UniData
UniVerse Universe The Universe is commonly defined as the totality of everything that exists, including all matter and energy, the planets, stars, galaxies, and the contents of intergalactic space. Definitions and usage vary and similar terms include the cosmos, the world and nature...

Note (1): Open source databases listed as UNIX-compatible will likely compile and run under z/OS’s built-in UNIX System Services (USS) subsystem. Most databases listed as Linux-compatible can run alongside z/OS on the same server using Linux on zSeries.

Note (2): The database availability depends on Java Virtual Machine not on the operating system

Operating system

An operating system is a set of programs that manage computer hardware resources and provide common services for application software. The operating system is the most important type of system software in a computer system...

Note (3): Oracle Rdb was originally developed by DEC

Digital Equipment Corporation

Digital Equipment Corporation was a major American company in the computer industry and a leading vendor of computer systems, software and peripherals from the 1960s to the 1990s...

, and runs on OpenVMS

OpenVMS

OpenVMS , previously known as VAX-11/VMS, VAX/VMS or VMS, is a computer server operating system that runs on VAX, Alpha and Itanium-based families of computers. Contrary to what its name suggests, OpenVMS is not open source software; however, the source listings are available for purchase...

Note (4): Oracle database 11g also runs on OpenVMS, HP/UX and AIX. Mac OS X is limited to 10gR2. 10g also supported BS2000/OSD and z/OS (31-bit), but that support has been discontinued in 11g. Earlier versions than 10g were available on a wide variety of platforms.

Note (5): DB2 is also available for i5/OS, z/VM, z/VSE. Previous versions were also available for OS/2.

Note (6): Linter SQL RDBMS also runs on OpenVMS

OpenVMS

OpenVMS , previously known as VAX-11/VMS, VAX/VMS or VMS, is a computer server operating system that runs on VAX, Alpha and Itanium-based families of computers. Contrary to what its name suggests, OpenVMS is not open source software; however, the source listings are available for purchase...

, Solaris, QNX

QNX

QNX is a commercial Unix-like real-time operating system, aimed primarily at the embedded systems market. The product was originally developed by Canadian company, QNX Software Systems, which was later acquired by Canadian BlackBerry-producer Research In Motion.-Description:As a microkernel-based...

, OS9000 and OS9.

Note (7): Polyhedra also runs on AIX, OSE

Operating System Embedded

The Operating System Embedded is a real-time embedded operating system created by the Swedish information technology company ENEA AB. Bengt Eliasson, who at the time was a consultant from ENEA with an assignment at Ericsson, wrote the basic parts of the kernel...

, Solaris, LynxOS

LynxOS

The LynxOS RTOS is a Unix-like real-time operating system from LynuxWorks . Sometimes known as the Lynx Operating System, LynxOS features full POSIX conformance and, more recently, Linux compatibility...

 and VxWorks

VxWorks

VxWorks is a real-time operating system developed as proprietary software by Wind River Systems of Alameda, California, USA. First released in 1987, VxWorks is designed for use in embedded systems.- History :...

. Previous versions also ran on Ultrix

Ultrix

Ultrix was the brand name of Digital Equipment Corporation's native Unix systems. While ultrix is the Latin word for avenger, the name was chosen solely for its sound.-History:...

, VMS

OpenVMS

OpenVMS , previously known as VAX-11/VMS, VAX/VMS or VMS, is a computer server operating system that runs on VAX, Alpha and Itanium-based families of computers. Contrary to what its name suggests, OpenVMS is not open source software; however, the source listings are available for purchase...

 and pSOS

PSOS

pSOS is a real time operating system , created in about 1982 by Alfred Chao, and developed/marketed for the first part of its life by his company Software Components Group...

. Source code kits allow customers to port to other platforms.

Note (8): MySQL also runs on Solaris, Opensolaris

OpenSolaris

OpenSolaris was an open source computer operating system based on Solaris created by Sun Microsystems. It was also the name of the project initiated by Sun to build a developer and user community around the software...

, and can be made from source on other platforms as well.

Note (9): Binaries are not yet available for Mac OS X

Mac OS X

Mac OS X is a series of Unix-based operating systems and graphical user interfaces developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc. Since 2002, has been included with all new Macintosh computer systems...

 and BSD.

Note (10): CUBRID provides a client interface of its RDBMS for Mac OS X

Mac OS X

Mac OS X is a series of Unix-based operating systems and graphical user interfaces developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc. Since 2002, has been included with all new Macintosh computer systems...

 called the CUBRID Manager, which can be used for remote CUBRID connection.

Fundamental features

Information about what fundamental RDBMS features are implemented natively.

MySQL

MySQL

MySQL officially, but also commonly "My Sequel") is a relational database management system that runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases. It is named after developer Michael Widenius' daughter, My...

 InnoDB is ACID compliant

	ACID ACID In computer science, ACID is a set of properties that guarantee database transactions are processed reliably. In the context of databases, a single logical operation on the data is called a transaction...	Referential integrity Referential integrity Referential integrity is a property of data which, when satisfied, requires every value of one attribute of a relation to exist as a value of another attribute in a different relation ....	Transactions Database transaction A transaction comprises a unit of work performed within a database management system against a database, and treated in a coherent and reliable way independent of other transactions...	Unicode Unicode Unicode is a computing industry standard for the consistent encoding, representation and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems...	Interface
4th Dimension 4th Dimension (Software) 4th Dimension is a relational database management system and IDE developed by Laurent Ribardière. 4D was created in 1984....					GUI Graphical user interface In computing, a graphical user interface is a type of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices with images rather than text commands. GUIs can be used in computers, hand-held devices such as MP3 players, portable media players or gaming devices, household appliances and...  & SQL SQL SQL is a programming language designed for managing data in relational database management systems ....
ADABAS Adabas ADABAS is Software AG’s primary database management system.- History :First released in 1970, ADABAS is considered by some to have been one of the earliest commercially available database products...					proprietary direct call & SQL (via 3rd party)
Adaptive Server Enterprise Adaptive Server Enterprise Adaptive Server Enterprise is Sybase Corporation's flagship enterprise-class relational model database server product. ASE is predominantly used on the Unix platform but is also available for Windows.-History:...					SQL SQL SQL is a programming language designed for managing data in relational database management systems ....
Advantage Database Server Advantage Database Server Advantage Database Server is a relational database management system for small to medium sized businesses by Sybase iAnywhere. Database author Cary Jensen describes Advantage as follows: "Advantage has been around since 1993, when it was introduced to provide a stable solution for Clipper...				3	API & SQL SQL SQL is a programming language designed for managing data in relational database management systems ....
Altibase Altibase Altibase helps its customers maximize their data investments by providing real-time data performance solutions. In today’s competitive business environment, Altibase enables companies to drastically improve the speed of data access and analysis across the enterprise....					SQL SQL SQL is a programming language designed for managing data in relational database management systems ....
Apache Derby Apache Derby Apache Derby is a relational database management system developed by the Apache Software Foundation that can be embedded in Java programs and used for online transaction processing. It has a 2 MB disk-space footprint.Apache Derby is developed as an open source project under the Apache 2.0 license...					SQL SQL SQL is a programming language designed for managing data in relational database management systems ....
CUBRID CUBRID CUBRID is a comprehensive open source relational database management system highly optimized for Web applications, especially when complex business services process large amount of data and generate huge concurrent requests...					GUI Graphical user interface In computing, a graphical user interface is a type of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices with images rather than text commands. GUIs can be used in computers, hand-held devices such as MP3 players, portable media players or gaming devices, household appliances and...  & SQL SQL SQL is a programming language designed for managing data in relational database management systems ....
Drizzle Drizzle (database server) Drizzle is a free software/open source relational database management system that was forked from version 6.0 of the MySQL DBMS.Like MySQL, Drizzle has a client/server architecture and uses SQL as its primary command language...					SQL SQL SQL is a programming language designed for managing data in relational database management systems ....
DB2 IBM DB2 The IBM DB2 Enterprise Server Edition is a relational model database server developed by IBM. It primarily runs on Unix , Linux, IBM i , z/OS and Windows servers. DB2 also powers the different IBM InfoSphere Warehouse editions...					GUI Graphical user interface In computing, a graphical user interface is a type of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices with images rather than text commands. GUIs can be used in computers, hand-held devices such as MP3 players, portable media players or gaming devices, household appliances and...  & SQL SQL SQL is a programming language designed for managing data in relational database management systems ....
Empress Embedded Database					API Graphical user interface In computing, a graphical user interface is a type of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices with images rather than text commands. GUIs can be used in computers, hand-held devices such as MP3 players, portable media players or gaming devices, household appliances and...  & SQL SQL SQL is a programming language designed for managing data in relational database management systems ....
Firebird Firebird (database server) Firebird is an open source SQL relational database management system that runs on Linux, Windows, and a variety of Unix. The database forked from Borland's open source edition of InterBase in 2000, but since Firebird 1.5 the code has been largely rewritten ....					SQL SQL SQL is a programming language designed for managing data in relational database management systems ....
HSQLDB HSQLDB HSQLDB is a relational database management system written in Java. It has a JDBC driver and supports a large subset of SQL-92 and SQL:2008 standards. It offers a fast, small database engine which offers both in-memory and disk-based tables...					SQL SQL SQL is a programming language designed for managing data in relational database management systems ....
H2 H2 (DBMS) H2 is a relational database management system written in Java. It can be embedded in Java applications or run in the client-server mode. The disk footprint is about 1 MB....					SQL SQL SQL is a programming language designed for managing data in relational database management systems ....
Informix Dynamic Server Informix Dynamic Server Informix Dynamic Server, also known as IDS, is an extensible Relational Database Management System originally developed by Informix Software Inc....					SQL SQL SQL is a programming language designed for managing data in relational database management systems ....
Ingres					SQL SQL SQL is a programming language designed for managing data in relational database management systems ....  & QUEL QUEL query languages QUEL is a relational database access language, similar in most ways to SQL. It was created as a part of the Ingres effort at University of California, Berkeley, based on Codd's earlier suggested but not implemented Data Sub-Language ALPHA. QUEL was used for a short time in most products based on...
InterBase InterBase InterBase is a relational database management system currently developed and marketed by Embarcadero Technologies. InterBase is distinguished from other DBMSs by its small footprint, close to zero administration requirements, and multi-generational architecture...					SQL SQL SQL is a programming language designed for managing data in relational database management systems ....
Linter SQL RDBMS Linter SQL RDBMS Linter SQL RDBMS is the main product of RELEX Group. Linter is a Russian DBMS compliant with the SQL-92 standard and supporting the majority of operating systems, among them Win32 , NetWare, various versions of Unix, OS9, QNX, VxWorks and others...					GUI Gui Gui or guee is a generic term to refer to grilled dishes in Korean cuisine. These most commonly have meat or fish as their primary ingredient, but may in some cases also comprise grilled vegetables or other vegetarian ingredients. The term derives from the verb, "gupda" in Korean, which literally...  & SQL SQL SQL is a programming language designed for managing data in relational database management systems ....
LucidDB LucidDB LucidDB is an Open Source database purpose-built to power Data Warehouses, OLAP servers and Business Intelligence systems.LucidDB is the first and only open-source RDBMS purpose-built entirely for data warehousing and business intelligence...					SQL SQL SQL is a programming language designed for managing data in relational database management systems ....
MaxDB MaxDB MaxDB is an ANSI SQL-92 compliant relational database management system from SAP AG, which was delivered also by MySQL AB from 2003 to 2007. MaxDB is targeted for large SAP environments e.g. mySAP Business Suite and other applications that require enterprise-level database functionality...					SQL SQL SQL is a programming language designed for managing data in relational database management systems ....
Microsoft Access Microsoft Access Microsoft Office Access, previously known as Microsoft Access, is a relational database management system from Microsoft that combines the relational Microsoft Jet Database Engine with a graphical user interface and software-development tools. It is a member of the Microsoft Office suite of...  (JET)					GUI Graphical user interface In computing, a graphical user interface is a type of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices with images rather than text commands. GUIs can be used in computers, hand-held devices such as MP3 players, portable media players or gaming devices, household appliances and...  & SQL SQL SQL is a programming language designed for managing data in relational database management systems ....
Microsoft Visual FoxPro					GUI Graphical user interface In computing, a graphical user interface is a type of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices with images rather than text commands. GUIs can be used in computers, hand-held devices such as MP3 players, portable media players or gaming devices, household appliances and...  & SQL SQL SQL is a programming language designed for managing data in relational database management systems ....
Microsoft SQL Server Microsoft SQL Server Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database server, developed by Microsoft: It is a software product whose primary function is to store and retrieve data as requested by other software applications, be it those on the same computer or those running on another computer across a network...					GUI Graphical user interface In computing, a graphical user interface is a type of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices with images rather than text commands. GUIs can be used in computers, hand-held devices such as MP3 players, portable media players or gaming devices, household appliances and...  & SQL SQL SQL is a programming language designed for managing data in relational database management systems ....
Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database) SQL Server Compact Microsoft SQL Server Compact is a compact relational database produced by Microsoft for applications that run on mobile devices and desktops. Prior to the introduction of the desktop platform, it was known as SQL Server for Windows CE and SQL Server Mobile Edition...					GUI Graphical user interface In computing, a graphical user interface is a type of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices with images rather than text commands. GUIs can be used in computers, hand-held devices such as MP3 players, portable media players or gaming devices, household appliances and...  & SQL SQL SQL is a programming language designed for managing data in relational database management systems ....
MonetDB/SQL MonetDB MonetDB is an open source column-oriented database management system developed at the Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica in the Netherlands.It was designed to provide high performance on complex queries against large databases,e.g...
MySQL MySQL MySQL officially, but also commonly "My Sequel") is a relational database management system that runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases. It is named after developer Michael Widenius' daughter, My...	2	2	2 except for DDL Data Definition Language A data definition language or data description language is a syntax similar to a computer programming language for defining data structures, especially database schemas.-History:...		SQL SQL SQL is a programming language designed for managing data in relational database management systems ....
Navibase					API & GUI Graphical user interface In computing, a graphical user interface is a type of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices with images rather than text commands. GUIs can be used in computers, hand-held devices such as MP3 players, portable media players or gaming devices, household appliances and...  & SQL SQL SQL is a programming language designed for managing data in relational database management systems ....
OpenBase SQL OpenBase OpenBase SQL is a relational database server software, originally developed for the OpenStep platform. First released in 1991, OpenBase is available today for several platforms, although the bulk of its users are on Mac OS X...					GUI Graphical user interface In computing, a graphical user interface is a type of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices with images rather than text commands. GUIs can be used in computers, hand-held devices such as MP3 players, portable media players or gaming devices, household appliances and...  & SQL SQL SQL is a programming language designed for managing data in relational database management systems ....
Oracle Oracle database The Oracle Database is an object-relational database management system produced and marketed by Oracle Corporation....			except for DDL Data Definition Language A data definition language or data description language is a syntax similar to a computer programming language for defining data structures, especially database schemas.-History:...		API & GUI Graphical user interface In computing, a graphical user interface is a type of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices with images rather than text commands. GUIs can be used in computers, hand-held devices such as MP3 players, portable media players or gaming devices, household appliances and...  & SQL SQL SQL is a programming language designed for managing data in relational database management systems ....
Oracle Rdb Oracle Rdb Rdb/VMS is a relational database management system for the Hewlett-Packard OpenVMS operating system. It was originally created by Digital Equipment Corporation in 1984 as part of the VMS Information Architecture, intended to be used for data storage and retrieval by high-level languages and/or...					SQL SQL SQL is a programming language designed for managing data in relational database management systems ....
OpenLink Virtuoso Virtuoso Universal Server Virtuoso Universal Server is a middleware and database engine hybrid that combines the functionality of a traditional RDBMS, ORDBMS, virtual database, RDF, XML, free-text, web application server and file server functionality in a single system...					API & GUI Graphical user interface In computing, a graphical user interface is a type of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices with images rather than text commands. GUIs can be used in computers, hand-held devices such as MP3 players, portable media players or gaming devices, household appliances and...  & SQL SQL SQL is a programming language designed for managing data in relational database management systems ....
Polyhedra DBMS Polyhedra DBMS Polyhedra is a family of relational database management systems offered by ENEA AB, a Swedish company. The original version of Polyhedra was an in-memory database management system which could be used in high availability configurations; in 2006 Polyhedra FlashLite was introduced to allow...					SQL SQL SQL is a programming language designed for managing data in relational database management systems ....
PostgreSQL PostgreSQL PostgreSQL, often simply Postgres, is an object-relational database management system available for many platforms including Linux, FreeBSD, Solaris, MS Windows and Mac OS X. It is released under the PostgreSQL License, which is an MIT-style license, and is thus free and open source software...					API & GUI Graphical user interface In computing, a graphical user interface is a type of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices with images rather than text commands. GUIs can be used in computers, hand-held devices such as MP3 players, portable media players or gaming devices, household appliances and...  & SQL SQL SQL is a programming language designed for managing data in relational database management systems ....
RDM Embedded RDM Embedded RDM Embedded is a high performance, ACID-compliant embedded database management system designed to be linked into C/C++ application programs. RDM Embedded has been designed to utilize multi-core computers, networking , and in-memory or on-disk storage. It provides a low-level C API and a higher...					SQL SQL SQL is a programming language designed for managing data in relational database management systems ....  & API
RDM Server RDM Server RDM Server is an embeddable, heterogeneous, client/server database management system supporting both C/C++ and SQL APIs for programming flexibility. The databases can be disk resident and/or memory resident. RDM Server implements multi-user locking, hot database backup, and a fully ACID compliant...					SQL SQL SQL is a programming language designed for managing data in relational database management systems ....  & API
ScimoreDB ScimoreDB ScimoreDB is a proprietary freeware relational database management system for Microsoft Windows, developed by Scimore UAB.It features advanced features: SQL, ACID transactions, Multiversion concurrency control, free text search, shared nothing clustering, functional procedural shipment for...					SQL SQL SQL is a programming language designed for managing data in relational database management systems ....
SQL Anywhere SQL Anywhere SQL Anywhere is a relational database management system product from the company Sybase iAnywhere, a subsidiary of Sybase.- Features :...					SQL SQL SQL is a programming language designed for managing data in relational database management systems ....
SQLBase					API & GUI Graphical user interface In computing, a graphical user interface is a type of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices with images rather than text commands. GUIs can be used in computers, hand-held devices such as MP3 players, portable media players or gaming devices, household appliances and...  & SQL SQL SQL is a programming language designed for managing data in relational database management systems ....
SQLite SQLite SQLite is an ACID-compliant embedded relational database management system contained in a relatively small C programming library. The source code for SQLite is in the public domain and implements most of the SQL standard...					SQL SQL SQL is a programming language designed for managing data in relational database management systems ....
Teradata Teradata Teradata Corporation is a vendor specializing in data warehousing and analytic applications. Its products are commonly used by companies to manage data warehouses for analytics and business intelligence purposes. Teradata was formerly a division of NCR Corporation, with the spinoff from NCR on...					SQL SQL SQL is a programming language designed for managing data in relational database management systems ....
UniData					Multiple
UniVerse Universe The Universe is commonly defined as the totality of everything that exists, including all matter and energy, the planets, stars, galaxies, and the contents of intergalactic space. Definitions and usage vary and similar terms include the cosmos, the world and nature...					Multiple
	ACID ACID In computer science, ACID is a set of properties that guarantee database transactions are processed reliably. In the context of databases, a single logical operation on the data is called a transaction...	Referential integrity Referential integrity Referential integrity is a property of data which, when satisfied, requires every value of one attribute of a relation to exist as a value of another attribute in a different relation ....	Transactions Database transaction A transaction comprises a unit of work performed within a database management system against a database, and treated in a coherent and reliable way independent of other transactions...	Unicode Unicode Unicode is a computing industry standard for the consistent encoding, representation and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems...	Interface

Note (1): Currently only supports read uncommited transaction isolation. Version 1.9 adds serializable isolation and version 2.0 will be fully ACID compliant.

Note (2): For ACID compliance with MySQL, the InnoDB storage engine must be chosen.

Note (3): Support for Unicode is new in version 10.0.

Limits

Information about data size limits.

	Max DB size	Max table size	Max row size	Max columns per row	Max Blob/Clob size	Max CHAR size	Max NUMBER size	Min DATE value	Max DATE value	Max column name size
4th Dimension 4th Dimension (Software) 4th Dimension is a relational database management system and IDE developed by Laurent Ribardière. 4D was created in 1984....	limited	?	?	65135	200 GB (2 GiB Gibibyte The gibibyte is a standards-based binary multiple of the byte, a unit of digital information storage. The gibibyte unit symbol is GiB....  Unicode Unicode Unicode is a computing industry standard for the consistent encoding, representation and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems... )	200 GB (2 GiB Gibibyte The gibibyte is a standards-based binary multiple of the byte, a unit of digital information storage. The gibibyte unit symbol is GiB....  Unicode Unicode Unicode is a computing industry standard for the consistent encoding, representation and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems... )	64 bits	?	?	?
Advantage Database Server Advantage Database Server Advantage Database Server is a relational database management system for small to medium sized businesses by Sybase iAnywhere. Database author Cary Jensen describes Advantage as follows: "Advantage has been around since 1993, when it was introduced to provide a stable solution for Clipper...	Unlimited	16 EiB Exbibyte The exbibyte is a standards-based binary multiple of the byte, a unit of digital information storage. The exbibyte unit symbol is EiB....	65530 B	65135 / (10+ AvgFieldNameLength)	4 GiB Gibibyte The gibibyte is a standards-based binary multiple of the byte, a unit of digital information storage. The gibibyte unit symbol is GiB....	?	64 bits	?	?	128
Apache Derby Apache Derby Apache Derby is a relational database management system developed by the Apache Software Foundation that can be embedded in Java programs and used for online transaction processing. It has a 2 MB disk-space footprint.Apache Derby is developed as an open source project under the Apache 2.0 license...	Unlimited	Unlimited	Unlimited	1012 (5000 in views)	2 147 483 647 chars	254 (VARCHAR: 32672)	?	0001-01-01	9999-12-31	128
CUBRID CUBRID CUBRID is a comprehensive open source relational database management system highly optimized for Web applications, especially when complex business services process large amount of data and generate huge concurrent requests...	2 EB	2 EB	Unlimited	6400	Unlimited	1 GB	64 bits	0001-01-01	9999-12-31	254
Drizzle Drizzle (database server) Drizzle is a free software/open source relational database management system that was forked from version 6.0 of the MySQL DBMS.Like MySQL, Drizzle has a client/server architecture and uses SQL as its primary command language...	Unlimited	64 TB	8 kB	1000	4 GB (longtext, longblob)	64 kB (text)	64 bits	0001	9999	64
DB2 IBM DB2 The IBM DB2 Enterprise Server Edition is a relational model database server developed by IBM. It primarily runs on Unix , Linux, IBM i , z/OS and Windows servers. DB2 also powers the different IBM InfoSphere Warehouse editions...	512 TiB Tebibyte The tebibyte is a standards-based binary multiple of the byte, a unit of digital information storage. The tebibyte unit symbol is TiB....	512 TB	32 677 B	1012	2 GB	32 KiB Kibibyte The kibibyte is a multiple of the unit byte for quantities of digital information. The binary prefix kibi means 1024; therefore, 1 kibibyte is . The unit symbol for the kibibyte is KiB. The unit was established by the International Electrotechnical Commission in 1999 and has been accepted for use... )	64 bits	0001	9999	128
Empress Embedded Database	Unlimited	263-1 bytes	2 GB	32767	2 GB	2 GB	64 bits	0000-01-01	9999-12-31	32
FileMaker FileMaker FileMaker Pro is a cross-platform relational database application from FileMaker Inc., formerly Claris, a subsidiary of Apple Inc. It integrates a database engine with a GUI-based interface, allowing users to modify the database by dragging new elements into layouts, screens, or forms...	8TB	8TB	8TB	256,000,000	4GB	10^9 characters	10^9 numbers w/ range 10^-400 to 10^400	0001-01-01	4000-12-31	100
Firebird Firebird (database server) Firebird is an open source SQL relational database management system that runs on Linux, Windows, and a variety of Unix. The database forked from Borland's open source edition of InterBase in 2000, but since Firebird 1.5 the code has been largely rewritten ....	Unlimited1	~32 TB	65 536 B	Depends on data types used.	2 GB	32 767 B	64 bits	100	32768	31
HSQLDB HSQLDB HSQLDB is a relational database management system written in Java. It has a JDBC driver and supports a large subset of SQL-92 and SQL:2008 standards. It offers a fast, small database engine which offers both in-memory and disk-based tables...	64 TB	Unlimited8	Unlimited8	Unlimited8	64 TB7	Unlimited8	Unlimited8	0001-01-01	9999-12-31	128
H2 H2 (DBMS) H2 is a relational database management system written in Java. It can be embedded in Java applications or run in the client-server mode. The disk footprint is about 1 MB....	64 TB	Unlimited8	Unlimited8	Unlimited8	64 TB7	Unlimited8	64 bits	-99999999	99999999	Unlimited8
Informix Dynamic Server Informix Dynamic Server Informix Dynamic Server, also known as IDS, is an extensible Relational Database Management System originally developed by Informix Software Inc....	~128 PB	~128 PB	32 765 bytes (exclusive of large objects)	32765	4 TB	32765	1032	01/01/000110	12/31/9999	128 bytes
Ingres	Unlimited	Unlimited	256 kB	1024	2 GB	32 000 B	64 bits	0001	9999	32
InterBase InterBase InterBase is a relational database management system currently developed and marketed by Embarcadero Technologies. InterBase is distinguished from other DBMSs by its small footprint, close to zero administration requirements, and multi-generational architecture...	Unlimited1	~32 TB	65 536 B	Depends on data types used.	2 GB	32 767 B	64 bits	100	32768	31
Linter SQL RDBMS Linter SQL RDBMS Linter SQL RDBMS is the main product of RELEX Group. Linter is a Russian DBMS compliant with the SQL-92 standard and supporting the majority of operating systems, among them Win32 , NetWare, various versions of Unix, OS9, QNX, VxWorks and others...	Unlimited	230 rows	64 kB (w/o BLOBs), 4 GB (BLOB)	250	4 GB	4 kB	64 bits	0001-01-01	2099-12-31	128
Microsoft Access Microsoft Access Microsoft Office Access, previously known as Microsoft Access, is a relational database management system from Microsoft that combines the relational Microsoft Jet Database Engine with a graphical user interface and software-development tools. It is a member of the Microsoft Office suite of...  (JET)	2 GB	2 GB	16 MB	255	64 kB (memo field), 1 GB ("OLE Object" field)	255 B (text field)	32 bits	0100	9999	64
Microsoft Visual Foxpro	Unlimited	2 GB	65 500 B	255	2 GB	16 MB	32 bits	0001	9999	?
Microsoft SQL Server Microsoft SQL Server Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database server, developed by Microsoft: It is a software product whose primary function is to store and retrieve data as requested by other software applications, be it those on the same computer or those running on another computer across a network...	524 258 TB (32 767 files * 16 TB max file size)	524 258 TB	Unlimited	30000	2 GB	2 GB6	126 bits2	0001	9999	128
Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database) SQL Server Compact Microsoft SQL Server Compact is a compact relational database produced by Microsoft for applications that run on mobile devices and desktops. Prior to the introduction of the desktop platform, it was known as SQL Server for Windows CE and SQL Server Mobile Edition...	4 GB	4 GB	8060 bytes	1024	500 MB	4000	126 bits 2	0001	9999	128
MySQL MySQL MySQL officially, but also commonly "My Sequel") is a relational database management system that runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases. It is named after developer Michael Widenius' daughter, My...  5	Unlimited	MyISAM storage limits: 256 TB; Innodb storage limits: 64 TB	64 kB3	40964	4 GB (longtext, longblob)	64 kB (text)	64 bits	1000	9999	64
Oracle Oracle Database The Oracle Database is an object-relational database management system produced and marketed by Oracle Corporation....	Unlimited (4 GB * block size per tablespace)	4 GB * block size (with BIGFILE tablespace)	8 kB	1000	Unlimited	4000 B	126 bits	-4712	9999	30
Polyhedra Polyhedra DBMS Polyhedra is a family of relational database management systems offered by ENEA AB, a Swedish company. The original version of Polyhedra was an in-memory database management system which could be used in high availability configurations; in 2006 Polyhedra FlashLite was introduced to allow...	Limited by available RAM, address space	232 rows	Unlimited	65536	4 GB (subject to RAM)	4 GB (subject to RAM)	32 bits	0001-01-01	8000-12-31	255
PostgreSQL PostgreSQL PostgreSQL, often simply Postgres, is an object-relational database management system available for many platforms including Linux, FreeBSD, Solaris, MS Windows and Mac OS X. It is released under the PostgreSQL License, which is an MIT-style license, and is thus free and open source software...	Unlimited	32 TB	1.6 TB	250-1600 depending on type	1 GB (text, bytea) - stored inline or 2 GB (stored in pg_largeobject)	1 GB	Unlimited	-4713	5874897	63
RDM Embedded RDM Embedded RDM Embedded is a high performance, ACID-compliant embedded database management system designed to be linked into C/C++ application programs. RDM Embedded has been designed to utilize multi-core computers, networking , and in-memory or on-disk storage. It provides a low-level C API and a higher...	Unlimited	248-1 rows	32 KB	1000	4 GB	char: 256, varchar: 4 KB	64 bits	0001-01-01	11758978-12-31	31
RDM Server RDM Server RDM Server is an embeddable, heterogeneous, client/server database management system supporting both C/C++ and SQL APIs for programming flexibility. The databases can be disk resident and/or memory resident. RDM Server implements multi-user locking, hot database backup, and a fully ACID compliant...	Unlimited	264-1 rows	32 KB	32768	Unlimited	32 KB	64 bits	0001-01-01	11758978-12-31	32
ScimoreDB ScimoreDB ScimoreDB is a proprietary freeware relational database management system for Microsoft Windows, developed by Scimore UAB.It features advanced features: SQL, ACID transactions, Multiversion concurrency control, free text search, shared nothing clustering, functional procedural shipment for...	Unlimited	16 EB	8050 B	255	16 TB	8000 B	64 bits	?	?	?
SQL Anywhere SQL Anywhere SQL Anywhere is a relational database management system product from the company Sybase iAnywhere, a subsidiary of Sybase.- Features :...	104 TB (13 files, each file up to 8 TB (32k pages))	Limited by file size	Limited by file size	45000	2 GB	2 GB	64 bits	0001-01-01	9999-12-31	?
SQLite SQLite SQLite is an ACID-compliant embedded relational database management system contained in a relatively small C programming library. The source code for SQLite is in the public domain and implements most of the SQL standard...	128 TB (231 pages * 64 kB max page size)	Limited by file size	Limited by file size	32767	2 GB	2 GB	64 bits	No DATE type9	No DATE type9	Unlimited
Teradata Teradata Teradata Corporation is a vendor specializing in data warehousing and analytic applications. Its products are commonly used by companies to manage data warehouses for analytics and business intelligence purposes. Teradata was formerly a division of NCR Corporation, with the spinoff from NCR on...	Unlimited	Unlimited	64 kB wo/lobs (64 GB w/lobs)	2048	2 GB	10 000	64 bits	?	9999-12-31 Select 80991231 (date);	30
UniVerse Universe The Universe is commonly defined as the totality of everything that exists, including all matter and energy, the planets, stars, galaxies, and the contents of intergalactic space. Definitions and usage vary and similar terms include the cosmos, the world and nature...	Unlimited	Unlimited	Unlimited	Unlimited	Unlimited	Unlimited	Unlimited	Unlimited	Unlimited	Unlimited
	Max DB size	Max table size	Max row size	Max columns per row	Max Blob/Clob size	Max CHAR size	Max NUMBER size	Min DATE value	Max DATE value	Max column name size

Note (1): Firebird 2.x maximum database size is effectively unlimited with the largest known database size >980 GB. Firebird 1.5.x maximum database size: 32 TB.

Note (2): limit is 10³⁸using DECIMAL datatype

Note (3): InnoDB is limited to 8,000 bytes (excluding VARBINARY, VARCHAR, BLOB, or TEXT columns)

Note (4): InnoDB is limited to 1,000 columns

Note (6): Using VARCHAR (MAX) in SQL 2005 and later

Note (7): When using a page size of 32 kB, and when BLOB/CLOB data is stored in the database file.

Note (8): Java array size limit of 2,147,483,648 (2³¹) objects per array applies. This limit applies to number of characters in names, rows per table, columns per table, and characters per CHAR/VARCHAR.

Note (9): Despite the lack of a date datatype, SQLite does include date and time functions, which work for timestamps between 0000-01-01 00:00:00 and 5352-11-01 10:52:47.

Note (10): Informix DATETIME type has adjustable range from YEAR only through 1/10000th second. DATETIME date range is 0001-01-01 00:00:00.00000 through 9999-12-31 23:59:59.99999.

Tables and views

Information about what table

Table (database)

In relational databases and flat file databases, a table is a set of data elements that is organized using a model of vertical columns and horizontal rows. A table has a specified number of columns, but can have any number of rows...

s and view

View (database)

In database theory, a view consists of a stored query accessible as a virtual table in a relational database or a set of documents in a document-oriented database composed of the result set of a query or map and reduce functions...

s (other than basic ones) are supported natively.

	Temporary table	Materialized view Materialized view A materialized view is a database object that contains the results of a query. They are local copies of data located remotely, or are used to create summary tables based on aggregations of a table's data. Materialized views, which store data based on remote tables, are also known as snapshots...
4th Dimension 4th Dimension (Software) 4th Dimension is a relational database management system and IDE developed by Laurent Ribardière. 4D was created in 1984....		Planned for inclusion in next major release
ADABAS Adabas ADABAS is Software AG’s primary database management system.- History :First released in 1970, ADABAS is considered by some to have been one of the earliest commercially available database products...
Adaptive Server Enterprise Adaptive Server Enterprise Adaptive Server Enterprise is Sybase Corporation's flagship enterprise-class relational model database server product. ASE is predominantly used on the Unix platform but is also available for Windows.-History:...	1
Advantage Database Server Advantage Database Server Advantage Database Server is a relational database management system for small to medium sized businesses by Sybase iAnywhere. Database author Cary Jensen describes Advantage as follows: "Advantage has been around since 1993, when it was introduced to provide a stable solution for Clipper...		(only common views)
Altibase Altibase Altibase helps its customers maximize their data investments by providing real-time data performance solutions. In today’s competitive business environment, Altibase enables companies to drastically improve the speed of data access and analysis across the enterprise....
Apache Derby Apache Derby Apache Derby is a relational database management system developed by the Apache Software Foundation that can be embedded in Java programs and used for online transaction processing. It has a 2 MB disk-space footprint.Apache Derby is developed as an open source project under the Apache 2.0 license...
CUBRID CUBRID CUBRID is a comprehensive open source relational database management system highly optimized for Web applications, especially when complex business services process large amount of data and generate huge concurrent requests...
Drizzle Drizzle (database server) Drizzle is a free software/open source relational database management system that was forked from version 6.0 of the MySQL DBMS.Like MySQL, Drizzle has a client/server architecture and uses SQL as its primary command language...		4
DB2 IBM DB2 The IBM DB2 Enterprise Server Edition is a relational model database server developed by IBM. It primarily runs on Unix , Linux, IBM i , z/OS and Windows servers. DB2 also powers the different IBM InfoSphere Warehouse editions...
Empress Embedded Database
Firebird Firebird (database server) Firebird is an open source SQL relational database management system that runs on Linux, Windows, and a variety of Unix. The database forked from Borland's open source edition of InterBase in 2000, but since Firebird 1.5 the code has been largely rewritten ....		(only common views)
HSQLDB HSQLDB HSQLDB is a relational database management system written in Java. It has a JDBC driver and supports a large subset of SQL-92 and SQL:2008 standards. It offers a fast, small database engine which offers both in-memory and disk-based tables...
H2 H2 (DBMS) H2 is a relational database management system written in Java. It can be embedded in Java applications or run in the client-server mode. The disk footprint is about 1 MB....
Informix Dynamic Server Informix Dynamic Server Informix Dynamic Server, also known as IDS, is an extensible Relational Database Management System originally developed by Informix Software Inc....		2
Ingres		Planned for inclusion in next major release
InterBase InterBase InterBase is a relational database management system currently developed and marketed by Embarcadero Technologies. InterBase is distinguished from other DBMSs by its small footprint, close to zero administration requirements, and multi-generational architecture...
Linter SQL RDBMS Linter SQL RDBMS Linter SQL RDBMS is the main product of RELEX Group. Linter is a Russian DBMS compliant with the SQL-92 standard and supporting the majority of operating systems, among them Win32 , NetWare, various versions of Unix, OS9, QNX, VxWorks and others...
LucidDB LucidDB LucidDB is an Open Source database purpose-built to power Data Warehouses, OLAP servers and Business Intelligence systems.LucidDB is the first and only open-source RDBMS purpose-built entirely for data warehousing and business intelligence...
MaxDB MaxDB MaxDB is an ANSI SQL-92 compliant relational database management system from SAP AG, which was delivered also by MySQL AB from 2003 to 2007. MaxDB is targeted for large SAP environments e.g. mySAP Business Suite and other applications that require enterprise-level database functionality...
Microsoft Access Microsoft Access Microsoft Office Access, previously known as Microsoft Access, is a relational database management system from Microsoft that combines the relational Microsoft Jet Database Engine with a graphical user interface and software-development tools. It is a member of the Microsoft Office suite of...  (JET)
Microsoft Visual Foxpro
Microsoft SQL Server Microsoft SQL Server Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database server, developed by Microsoft: It is a software product whose primary function is to store and retrieve data as requested by other software applications, be it those on the same computer or those running on another computer across a network...		3
Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database) SQL Server Compact Microsoft SQL Server Compact is a compact relational database produced by Microsoft for applications that run on mobile devices and desktops. Prior to the introduction of the desktop platform, it was known as SQL Server for Windows CE and SQL Server Mobile Edition...
MonetDB/SQL MonetDB MonetDB is an open source column-oriented database management system developed at the Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica in the Netherlands.It was designed to provide high performance on complex queries against large databases,e.g...
MySQL MySQL MySQL officially, but also commonly "My Sequel") is a relational database management system that runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases. It is named after developer Michael Widenius' daughter, My...		4
OpenBase SQL OpenBase OpenBase SQL is a relational database server software, originally developed for the OpenStep platform. First released in 1991, OpenBase is available today for several platforms, although the bulk of its users are on Mac OS X...
Oracle Oracle database The Oracle Database is an object-relational database management system produced and marketed by Oracle Corporation....
Oracle Rdb Oracle Rdb Rdb/VMS is a relational database management system for the Hewlett-Packard OpenVMS operating system. It was originally created by Digital Equipment Corporation in 1984 as part of the VMS Information Architecture, intended to be used for data storage and retrieval by high-level languages and/or...
OpenLink Virtuoso Virtuoso Universal Server Virtuoso Universal Server is a middleware and database engine hybrid that combines the functionality of a traditional RDBMS, ORDBMS, virtual database, RDF, XML, free-text, web application server and file server functionality in a single system...
Polyhedra DBMS Polyhedra DBMS Polyhedra is a family of relational database management systems offered by ENEA AB, a Swedish company. The original version of Polyhedra was an in-memory database management system which could be used in high availability configurations; in 2006 Polyhedra FlashLite was introduced to allow...		(only common views)
PostgreSQL PostgreSQL PostgreSQL, often simply Postgres, is an object-relational database management system available for many platforms including Linux, FreeBSD, Solaris, MS Windows and Mac OS X. It is released under the PostgreSQL License, which is an MIT-style license, and is thus free and open source software...		5
RDM Embedded RDM Embedded RDM Embedded is a high performance, ACID-compliant embedded database management system designed to be linked into C/C++ application programs. RDM Embedded has been designed to utilize multi-core computers, networking , and in-memory or on-disk storage. It provides a low-level C API and a higher...
RDM Server RDM Server RDM Server is an embeddable, heterogeneous, client/server database management system supporting both C/C++ and SQL APIs for programming flexibility. The databases can be disk resident and/or memory resident. RDM Server implements multi-user locking, hot database backup, and a fully ACID compliant...
SQL Anywhere SQL Anywhere SQL Anywhere is a relational database management system product from the company Sybase iAnywhere, a subsidiary of Sybase.- Features :...
ScimoreDB ScimoreDB ScimoreDB is a proprietary freeware relational database management system for Microsoft Windows, developed by Scimore UAB.It features advanced features: SQL, ACID transactions, Multiversion concurrency control, free text search, shared nothing clustering, functional procedural shipment for...
SQLite SQLite SQLite is an ACID-compliant embedded relational database management system contained in a relatively small C programming library. The source code for SQLite is in the public domain and implements most of the SQL standard...
Teradata Teradata Teradata Corporation is a vendor specializing in data warehousing and analytic applications. Its products are commonly used by companies to manage data warehouses for analytics and business intelligence purposes. Teradata was formerly a division of NCR Corporation, with the spinoff from NCR on...
UniData
UniVerse Universe The Universe is commonly defined as the totality of everything that exists, including all matter and energy, the planets, stars, galaxies, and the contents of intergalactic space. Definitions and usage vary and similar terms include the cosmos, the world and nature...

Note (1): Server provides tempdb, which can be used for public and private (for the session) temp tables.

Note (2): Materialized views are not supported in Informix; the term is used in IBM’s documentation to refer to a temporary table created to run the view’s query when it is too complex, but one cannot for example define the way it is refreshed or build an index on it. The term is defined in the Informix Performance Guide.

Note (3): Query optimizer

Query optimizer

The query optimizer is the component of a database management system that attempts to determine the most efficient way to execute a query. The optimizer considers the possible query plans for a given input query, and attempts to determine which of those plans will be the most efficient...

 support only in Developer and Enterprise Editions. In other versions, a direct reference to materialized view and a query hint are required.

Note (4): Materialized views can be emulated using stored procedure

Stored procedure

A stored procedure is a subroutine available to applications that access a relational database system. A stored procedure is actually stored in the database data dictionary.Typical uses for stored procedures include data validation or access control mechanisms...

s and triggers.

Note (5): Materialized views can be emulated with stored procedures and triggers using PL/pgSQL

PL/pgSQL

PL/pgSQL is a procedural language supported by the PostgreSQL ORDBMS. It closely resembles Oracle's PL/SQL language....

, PL/Perl

PL/Perl

PL/Perl is a procedural language supported by the PostgreSQL RDBMS.PL/Perl, as an imperative programming language, allows more control than the relational algebra of SQL....

, PL/Python, or other procedural languages.

Indexes

Information about what indexes

Index (database)

A database index is a data structure that improves the speed of data retrieval operations on a database table at the cost of slower writes and increased storage space...

 (other than basic B-

B-tree

In computer science, a B-tree is a tree data structure that keeps data sorted and allows searches, sequential access, insertions, and deletions in logarithmic time. The B-tree is a generalization of a binary search tree in that a node can have more than two children...

/B+ tree

B+ tree

In computer science, a B+ tree or B plus tree is a type of tree which represents sorted data in a way that allows for efficient insertion, retrieval and removal of records, each of which is identified by a key. It is a dynamic, multilevel index, with maximum and minimum bounds on the number of...

 indexes) are supported natively.

	R- R-tree R-trees are tree data structures used for spatial access methods, i.e., for indexing multi-dimensional information such as geographical coordinates, rectangles or polygons. The R-tree was proposed by Antonin Guttman in 1984 and has found significant use in both research and real-world applications... /R+ tree R+ tree An R+ tree is a method for looking up data using a location, often coordinates, and often for locations on the surface of the earth. Searching on one number is a solved problem; searching on two or more, and asking for locations that are nearby in both x and y directions, requires craftier...	Hash Hash function A hash function is any algorithm or subroutine that maps large data sets to smaller data sets, called keys. For example, a single integer can serve as an index to an array...	Expression Expression (programming) An expression in a programming language is a combination of explicit values, constants, variables, operators, and functions that are interpreted according to the particular rules of precedence and of association for a particular programming language, which computes and then produces another value...	Partial Partial index In databases, a partial index, also known as filtered index is an index which has some condition applied to it so that it includes a subset of rows in the table....	Reverse Reverse index Database management systems provide multiple types of indexes to improve performance and data integrity across diverse application. Index types include b-trees, bitmaps, and r-trees....	Bitmap Bitmap Index A bitmap index is a special kind of database index that uses bitmaps.Bitmap indexes have traditionally been considered to work well for data such as gender, which has a small number of distinct values, for example male and female, but many occurrences of those values. This would happen if, for...	GiST GiST In computing, GiST or Generalized Search Tree, is a data structure and API that can be used to build a variety of disk-based search trees. GiST is a generalization of the B+ tree, providing a concurrent and recoverable height-balanced search tree infrastructure without making any assumptions about...	GIN	Full-text Full text search In text retrieval, full text search refers to techniques for searching a single computer-stored document or a collection in a full text database...	Spatial	FOT
4th Dimension 4th Dimension (Software) 4th Dimension is a relational database management system and IDE developed by Laurent Ribardière. 4D was created in 1984....		Cluster
ADABAS Adabas ADABAS is Software AG’s primary database management system.- History :First released in 1970, ADABAS is considered by some to have been one of the earliest commercially available database products...
Adaptive Server Enterprise Adaptive Server Enterprise Adaptive Server Enterprise is Sybase Corporation's flagship enterprise-class relational model database server product. ASE is predominantly used on the Unix platform but is also available for Windows.-History:...
Advantage Database Server Advantage Database Server Advantage Database Server is a relational database management system for small to medium sized businesses by Sybase iAnywhere. Database author Cary Jensen describes Advantage as follows: "Advantage has been around since 1993, when it was introduced to provide a stable solution for Clipper...
Apache Derby Apache Derby Apache Derby is a relational database management system developed by the Apache Software Foundation that can be embedded in Java programs and used for online transaction processing. It has a 2 MB disk-space footprint.Apache Derby is developed as an open source project under the Apache 2.0 license...
CUBRID CUBRID CUBRID is a comprehensive open source relational database management system highly optimized for Web applications, especially when complex business services process large amount of data and generate huge concurrent requests...
Drizzle Drizzle (database server) Drizzle is a free software/open source relational database management system that was forked from version 6.0 of the MySQL DBMS.Like MySQL, Drizzle has a client/server architecture and uses SQL as its primary command language...
DB2 IBM DB2 The IBM DB2 Enterprise Server Edition is a relational model database server developed by IBM. It primarily runs on Unix , Linux, IBM i , z/OS and Windows servers. DB2 also powers the different IBM InfoSphere Warehouse editions...
Empress Embedded Database
Firebird Firebird (database server) Firebird is an open source SQL relational database management system that runs on Linux, Windows, and a variety of Unix. The database forked from Borland's open source edition of InterBase in 2000, but since Firebird 1.5 the code has been largely rewritten ....					1
HSQLDB HSQLDB HSQLDB is a relational database management system written in Java. It has a JDBC driver and supports a large subset of SQL-92 and SQL:2008 standards. It offers a fast, small database engine which offers both in-memory and disk-based tables...
H2 H2 (DBMS) H2 is a relational database management system written in Java. It can be embedded in Java applications or run in the client-server mode. The disk footprint is about 1 MB....
Informix Dynamic Server Informix Dynamic Server Informix Dynamic Server, also known as IDS, is an extensible Relational Database Management System originally developed by Informix Software Inc....
Ingres
InterBase InterBase InterBase is a relational database management system currently developed and marketed by Embarcadero Technologies. InterBase is distinguished from other DBMSs by its small footprint, close to zero administration requirements, and multi-generational architecture...
Linter SQL RDBMS Linter SQL RDBMS Linter SQL RDBMS is the main product of RELEX Group. Linter is a Russian DBMS compliant with the SQL-92 standard and supporting the majority of operating systems, among them Win32 , NetWare, various versions of Unix, OS9, QNX, VxWorks and others... 10
LucidDB LucidDB LucidDB is an Open Source database purpose-built to power Data Warehouses, OLAP servers and Business Intelligence systems.LucidDB is the first and only open-source RDBMS purpose-built entirely for data warehousing and business intelligence...
MaxDB MaxDB MaxDB is an ANSI SQL-92 compliant relational database management system from SAP AG, which was delivered also by MySQL AB from 2003 to 2007. MaxDB is targeted for large SAP environments e.g. mySAP Business Suite and other applications that require enterprise-level database functionality...
Microsoft Access Microsoft Access Microsoft Office Access, previously known as Microsoft Access, is a relational database management system from Microsoft that combines the relational Microsoft Jet Database Engine with a graphical user interface and software-development tools. It is a member of the Microsoft Office suite of...  (JET)
Microsoft Visual Foxpro					2
Microsoft SQL Server Microsoft SQL Server Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database server, developed by Microsoft: It is a software product whose primary function is to store and retrieve data as requested by other software applications, be it those on the same computer or those running on another computer across a network...		Non/Cluster & fill factor	3	4	3
Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database) SQL Server Compact Microsoft SQL Server Compact is a compact relational database produced by Microsoft for applications that run on mobile devices and desktops. Prior to the introduction of the desktop platform, it was known as SQL Server for Windows CE and SQL Server Mobile Edition...
MonetDB/SQL MonetDB MonetDB is an open source column-oriented database management system developed at the Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica in the Netherlands.It was designed to provide high performance on complex queries against large databases,e.g...
MySQL MySQL MySQL officially, but also commonly "My Sequel") is a relational database management system that runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases. It is named after developer Michael Widenius' daughter, My...	MyISAM tables only	MEMORY, Cluster (NDB), InnoDB,5 tables only							MyISAM tables only
Oracle Oracle database The Oracle Database is an object-relational database management system produced and marketed by Oracle Corporation....	11	Cluster Tables		6
Oracle Rdb Oracle Rdb Rdb/VMS is a relational database management system for the Hewlett-Packard OpenVMS operating system. It was originally created by Digital Equipment Corporation in 1984 as part of the VMS Information Architecture, intended to be used for data storage and retrieval by high-level languages and/or...
OpenLink Virtuoso Virtuoso Universal Server Virtuoso Universal Server is a middleware and database engine hybrid that combines the functionality of a traditional RDBMS, ORDBMS, virtual database, RDF, XML, free-text, web application server and file server functionality in a single system...		Cluster
Polyhedra DBMS Polyhedra DBMS Polyhedra is a family of relational database management systems offered by ENEA AB, a Swedish company. The original version of Polyhedra was an in-memory database management system which could be used in high availability configurations; in 2006 Polyhedra FlashLite was introduced to allow...
PostgreSQL PostgreSQL PostgreSQL, often simply Postgres, is an object-relational database management system available for many platforms including Linux, FreeBSD, Solaris, MS Windows and Mac OS X. It is released under the PostgreSQL License, which is an MIT-style license, and is thus free and open source software...					7	8				PostGIS
RDM Embedded RDM Embedded RDM Embedded is a high performance, ACID-compliant embedded database management system designed to be linked into C/C++ application programs. RDM Embedded has been designed to utilize multi-core computers, networking , and in-memory or on-disk storage. It provides a low-level C API and a higher...
RDM Server RDM Server RDM Server is an embeddable, heterogeneous, client/server database management system supporting both C/C++ and SQL APIs for programming flexibility. The databases can be disk resident and/or memory resident. RDM Server implements multi-user locking, hot database backup, and a fully ACID compliant...
ScimoreDB ScimoreDB ScimoreDB is a proprietary freeware relational database management system for Microsoft Windows, developed by Scimore UAB.It features advanced features: SQL, ACID transactions, Multiversion concurrency control, free text search, shared nothing clustering, functional procedural shipment for...
SQL Anywhere SQL Anywhere SQL Anywhere is a relational database management system product from the company Sybase iAnywhere, a subsidiary of Sybase.- Features :...
SQLite SQLite SQLite is an ACID-compliant embedded relational database management system contained in a relatively small C programming library. The source code for SQLite is in the public domain and implements most of the SQL standard...										SpatiaLite
Teradata Teradata Teradata Corporation is a vendor specializing in data warehousing and analytic applications. Its products are commonly used by companies to manage data warehouses for analytics and business intelligence purposes. Teradata was formerly a division of NCR Corporation, with the spinoff from NCR on...
UniVerse Universe The Universe is commonly defined as the totality of everything that exists, including all matter and energy, the planets, stars, galaxies, and the contents of intergalactic space. Definitions and usage vary and similar terms include the cosmos, the world and nature...			3	3	3
	R- R-tree R-trees are tree data structures used for spatial access methods, i.e., for indexing multi-dimensional information such as geographical coordinates, rectangles or polygons. The R-tree was proposed by Antonin Guttman in 1984 and has found significant use in both research and real-world applications... /R+ tree R+ tree An R+ tree is a method for looking up data using a location, often coordinates, and often for locations on the surface of the earth. Searching on one number is a solved problem; searching on two or more, and asking for locations that are nearby in both x and y directions, requires craftier...	Hash Hash function A hash function is any algorithm or subroutine that maps large data sets to smaller data sets, called keys. For example, a single integer can serve as an index to an array...	Expression Expression (programming) An expression in a programming language is a combination of explicit values, constants, variables, operators, and functions that are interpreted according to the particular rules of precedence and of association for a particular programming language, which computes and then produces another value...	Partial Partial index In databases, a partial index, also known as filtered index is an index which has some condition applied to it so that it includes a subset of rows in the table....	Reverse Reverse index Database management systems provide multiple types of indexes to improve performance and data integrity across diverse application. Index types include b-trees, bitmaps, and r-trees....	Bitmap Bitmap Index A bitmap index is a special kind of database index that uses bitmaps.Bitmap indexes have traditionally been considered to work well for data such as gender, which has a small number of distinct values, for example male and female, but many occurrences of those values. This would happen if, for...	GiST GiST In computing, GiST or Generalized Search Tree, is a data structure and API that can be used to build a variety of disk-based search trees. GiST is a generalization of the B+ tree, providing a concurrent and recoverable height-balanced search tree infrastructure without making any assumptions about...	GIN	Full-text Full text search In text retrieval, full text search refers to techniques for searching a single computer-stored document or a collection in a full text database...	Spatial	FOT

Note (1): The users need to use a function from freeAdhocUDF library or similar.

Note (2): Can be implemented for most data types using expression-based indexes.

Note (3): Can be emulated by indexing a computed column (doesn't easily update) or by using an "Indexed View" (proper name not just any view works)

Note (4): Can be implemented by using an indexed view.

Note (5): InnoDB automatically generates adaptive hash index entries as needed.

Note (6): Can be implemented using Function-based Indexes in Oracle 8i and higher, but the function needs to be used in the sql for the index to be used.

Note (7): A PostgreSQL functional index can be used to reverse the order of a field.

Note (8): PostgreSQL will likely support on-disk bitmap indexes in a future version. Version 8.2 supports a related technique known as "in-memory bitmap scans".

Note (10): B+ tree and full-text only for now.

Note (11): R-Tree indexing available in base edition with Locator but some functionality requires Personal Edition or Enterprise Edition with Spatial option

Database capabilities

	Union	Intersect	Except	Inner joins	Outer joins	Inner selects	Merge joins	Blobs Binary large object A blob is a collection of binary data stored as a single entity in a database management system. Blobs are typically images, audio or other multimedia objects, though sometimes binary executable code is stored as a blob...  and Clobs Character large object A Character Large Object is a collection of character data in a database management system, usually stored in a separate location that is referenced in the table itself...	Common Table Expressions Common table expressions A Common Table Expression, or CTE, is a temporary named result set, derived from a simple query and defined within the execution scope of a SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement....	Windowing Functions	Parallel Query
4th Dimension 4th Dimension (Software) 4th Dimension is a relational database management system and IDE developed by Laurent Ribardière. 4D was created in 1984....
ADABAS Adabas ADABAS is Software AG’s primary database management system.- History :First released in 1970, ADABAS is considered by some to have been one of the earliest commercially available database products...
Adaptive Server Enterprise Adaptive Server Enterprise Adaptive Server Enterprise is Sybase Corporation's flagship enterprise-class relational model database server product. ASE is predominantly used on the Unix platform but is also available for Windows.-History:...
Advantage Database Server Advantage Database Server Advantage Database Server is a relational database management system for small to medium sized businesses by Sybase iAnywhere. Database author Cary Jensen describes Advantage as follows: "Advantage has been around since 1993, when it was introduced to provide a stable solution for Clipper...
Altibase Altibase Altibase helps its customers maximize their data investments by providing real-time data performance solutions. In today’s competitive business environment, Altibase enables companies to drastically improve the speed of data access and analysis across the enterprise....
Apache Derby Apache Derby Apache Derby is a relational database management system developed by the Apache Software Foundation that can be embedded in Java programs and used for online transaction processing. It has a 2 MB disk-space footprint.Apache Derby is developed as an open source project under the Apache 2.0 license...
CUBRID CUBRID CUBRID is a comprehensive open source relational database management system highly optimized for Web applications, especially when complex business services process large amount of data and generate huge concurrent requests...
Drizzle Drizzle (database server) Drizzle is a free software/open source relational database management system that was forked from version 6.0 of the MySQL DBMS.Like MySQL, Drizzle has a client/server architecture and uses SQL as its primary command language...
DB2 IBM DB2 The IBM DB2 Enterprise Server Edition is a relational model database server developed by IBM. It primarily runs on Unix , Linux, IBM i , z/OS and Windows servers. DB2 also powers the different IBM InfoSphere Warehouse editions...
Empress Embedded Database
Firebird Firebird (database server) Firebird is an open source SQL relational database management system that runs on Linux, Windows, and a variety of Unix. The database forked from Borland's open source edition of InterBase in 2000, but since Firebird 1.5 the code has been largely rewritten ....
HSQLDB HSQLDB HSQLDB is a relational database management system written in Java. It has a JDBC driver and supports a large subset of SQL-92 and SQL:2008 standards. It offers a fast, small database engine which offers both in-memory and disk-based tables...
H2 H2 (DBMS) H2 is a relational database management system written in Java. It can be embedded in Java applications or run in the client-server mode. The disk footprint is about 1 MB....									experimental
Informix Dynamic Server Informix Dynamic Server Informix Dynamic Server, also known as IDS, is an extensible Relational Database Management System originally developed by Informix Software Inc....
Ingres
InterBase InterBase InterBase is a relational database management system currently developed and marketed by Embarcadero Technologies. InterBase is distinguished from other DBMSs by its small footprint, close to zero administration requirements, and multi-generational architecture...
Linter SQL RDBMS Linter SQL RDBMS Linter SQL RDBMS is the main product of RELEX Group. Linter is a Russian DBMS compliant with the SQL-92 standard and supporting the majority of operating systems, among them Win32 , NetWare, various versions of Unix, OS9, QNX, VxWorks and others...
LucidDB LucidDB LucidDB is an Open Source database purpose-built to power Data Warehouses, OLAP servers and Business Intelligence systems.LucidDB is the first and only open-source RDBMS purpose-built entirely for data warehousing and business intelligence...
MaxDB MaxDB MaxDB is an ANSI SQL-92 compliant relational database management system from SAP AG, which was delivered also by MySQL AB from 2003 to 2007. MaxDB is targeted for large SAP environments e.g. mySAP Business Suite and other applications that require enterprise-level database functionality...
Microsoft Access Microsoft Access Microsoft Office Access, previously known as Microsoft Access, is a relational database management system from Microsoft that combines the relational Microsoft Jet Database Engine with a graphical user interface and software-development tools. It is a member of the Microsoft Office suite of...  (JET)
Microsoft Visual Foxpro
Microsoft SQL Server Microsoft SQL Server Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database server, developed by Microsoft: It is a software product whose primary function is to store and retrieve data as requested by other software applications, be it those on the same computer or those running on another computer across a network...		(2005 and beyond)	(2005 and beyond)
Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database) SQL Server Compact Microsoft SQL Server Compact is a compact relational database produced by Microsoft for applications that run on mobile devices and desktops. Prior to the introduction of the desktop platform, it was known as SQL Server for Windows CE and SQL Server Mobile Edition...
MonetDB/SQL MonetDB MonetDB is an open source column-oriented database management system developed at the Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica in the Netherlands.It was designed to provide high performance on complex queries against large databases,e.g...
MySQL MySQL MySQL officially, but also commonly "My Sequel") is a relational database management system that runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases. It is named after developer Michael Widenius' daughter, My...
OpenBase SQL OpenBase OpenBase SQL is a relational database server software, originally developed for the OpenStep platform. First released in 1991, OpenBase is available today for several platforms, although the bulk of its users are on Mac OS X...
Oracle Oracle database The Oracle Database is an object-relational database management system produced and marketed by Oracle Corporation....									1
Oracle Rdb Oracle Rdb Rdb/VMS is a relational database management system for the Hewlett-Packard OpenVMS operating system. It was originally created by Digital Equipment Corporation in 1984 as part of the VMS Information Architecture, intended to be used for data storage and retrieval by high-level languages and/or...
OpenLink Virtuoso Virtuoso Universal Server Virtuoso Universal Server is a middleware and database engine hybrid that combines the functionality of a traditional RDBMS, ORDBMS, virtual database, RDF, XML, free-text, web application server and file server functionality in a single system...
Polyhedra DBMS Polyhedra DBMS Polyhedra is a family of relational database management systems offered by ENEA AB, a Swedish company. The original version of Polyhedra was an in-memory database management system which could be used in high availability configurations; in 2006 Polyhedra FlashLite was introduced to allow...
PostgreSQL PostgreSQL PostgreSQL, often simply Postgres, is an object-relational database management system available for many platforms including Linux, FreeBSD, Solaris, MS Windows and Mac OS X. It is released under the PostgreSQL License, which is an MIT-style license, and is thus free and open source software...
RDM Embedded RDM Embedded RDM Embedded is a high performance, ACID-compliant embedded database management system designed to be linked into C/C++ application programs. RDM Embedded has been designed to utilize multi-core computers, networking , and in-memory or on-disk storage. It provides a low-level C API and a higher...
RDM Server RDM Server RDM Server is an embeddable, heterogeneous, client/server database management system supporting both C/C++ and SQL APIs for programming flexibility. The databases can be disk resident and/or memory resident. RDM Server implements multi-user locking, hot database backup, and a fully ACID compliant...
ScimoreDB ScimoreDB ScimoreDB is a proprietary freeware relational database management system for Microsoft Windows, developed by Scimore UAB.It features advanced features: SQL, ACID transactions, Multiversion concurrency control, free text search, shared nothing clustering, functional procedural shipment for...
SmallSQL SmallSQL The SmallSQL Database is a 100% pure Java DBMS for desktop applications. It has a JDBC 3.0 driver and supports SQL-92 and SQL-99 standards. It has a very small footprint of approx. 200KB for driver and database together. This is very small for a JDBC 3.0 interface.The difference to other 100% pure...
SQL Anywhere SQL Anywhere SQL Anywhere is a relational database management system product from the company Sybase iAnywhere, a subsidiary of Sybase.- Features :...
SQLite SQLite SQLite is an ACID-compliant embedded relational database management system contained in a relatively small C programming library. The source code for SQLite is in the public domain and implements most of the SQL standard...
Teradata Teradata Teradata Corporation is a vendor specializing in data warehousing and analytic applications. Its products are commonly used by companies to manage data warehouses for analytics and business intelligence purposes. Teradata was formerly a division of NCR Corporation, with the spinoff from NCR on...
UniVerse Universe The Universe is commonly defined as the totality of everything that exists, including all matter and energy, the planets, stars, galaxies, and the contents of intergalactic space. Definitions and usage vary and similar terms include the cosmos, the world and nature...
	Union	Intersect	Except	Inner joins	Outer joins	Inner selects	Merge joins	Blobs Binary large object A blob is a collection of binary data stored as a single entity in a database management system. Blobs are typically images, audio or other multimedia objects, though sometimes binary executable code is stored as a blob...  and Clobs Character large object A Character Large Object is a collection of character data in a database management system, usually stored in a separate location that is referenced in the table itself...	Common Table Expressions Common table expressions A Common Table Expression, or CTE, is a temporary named result set, derived from a simple query and defined within the execution scope of a SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement....	Windowing Functions	Parallel Query

Note (1):
Recursive CTEs introduced in 11gR2 supersedes similar construct called CONNECT BY

Data types

	Type system Type system A type system associates a type with each computed value. By examining the flow of these values, a type system attempts to ensure or prove that no type errors can occur...	Integer Integer (computer science) In computer science, an integer is a datum of integral data type, a data type which represents some finite subset of the mathematical integers. Integral data types may be of different sizes and may or may not be allowed to contain negative values....	Floating point Floating point In computing, floating point describes a method of representing real numbers in a way that can support a wide range of values. Numbers are, in general, represented approximately to a fixed number of significant digits and scaled using an exponent. The base for the scaling is normally 2, 10 or 16...	Decimal	String String (computer science) In formal languages, which are used in mathematical logic and theoretical computer science, a string is a finite sequence of symbols that are chosen from a set or alphabet....	Binary Binary large object A blob is a collection of binary data stored as a single entity in a database management system. Blobs are typically images, audio or other multimedia objects, though sometimes binary executable code is stored as a blob...	Date/Time	Boolean	Other
CUBRID CUBRID CUBRID is a comprehensive open source relational database management system highly optimized for Web applications, especially when complex business services process large amount of data and generate huge concurrent requests...	Static	SMALLINT (16-bit), INTEGER (32-bit), BIGINT (64-bit)	FLOAT, REAL(32-bit), DOUBLE(64-bit)	DECIMAL, NUMERIC	CHAR, VARCHAR, NCHAR, NVARCHAR, CLOB	BLOB	DATE, DATETIME, TIME, TIMESTAMP	BIT	MONETARY, BIT VARYING, SET, MULTISET, SEQUENCE
Drizzle Drizzle (database server) Drizzle is a free software/open source relational database management system that was forked from version 6.0 of the MySQL DBMS.Like MySQL, Drizzle has a client/server architecture and uses SQL as its primary command language...	Static	INT (32-bit), BIGINT (64-bit)	DOUBLE (aka REAL) (64-bit)	DECIMAL	BINARY, VARCHAR, VARBINARY, TEXT,	BLOB	DATETIME, DATE, TIMESTAMP		ENUM, SERIAL
Empress Embedded Database	Static	TINYINT, SQL_TINYINT or INTEGER8 SMALLINT, SQL_SMALLINT or INTEGER16 INTEGER, INT, SQL_INTEGER or INTEGER32 BIGINT, SQL_BIGINT or INTEGER64	REAL, SQL_REAL or FLOAT32 DOUBLE PRECISION, SQL_DOUBLE or FLOAT64 FLOAT or SQL_FLOAT EFLOAT	DECIMAL, DEC, NUMERIC, SQL_DECIMAL or SQL_NUMERIC DOLLAR	CHARACTER, ECHARACTER, CHARACTER VARYING, NATIONAL CHARACTER, NATIONAL CHARACTER VARYING and NLSCHARACTER CHARACTER LARGE OBJECT, TEXT, NATIONAL CHARACTER LARGE OBJECT, and NLSTEXT	BINARY LARGE OBJECT or BLOB BULK	DATE, EDATE, TIME, ETIME, EPOCH_TIME, TIMESTAMP, MICROTIMESTAMP	BOOLEAN	SEQUENCE 32 SEQUENCE
HSQLDB HSQLDB HSQLDB is a relational database management system written in Java. It has a JDBC driver and supports a large subset of SQL-92 and SQL:2008 standards. It offers a fast, small database engine which offers both in-memory and disk-based tables...	Static	TINYINT (8-bit), SMALLINT (16-bit), INTEGER (32-bit), BIGINT (64-bit)	DOUBLE (64-bit)	DECIMAL, NUMERIC	CHAR, VARCHAR, LONGVARCHAR, CLOB	BINARY, VARBINARY, LONGVARBINARY, BLOB	DATE, TIME, TIMESTAMP, INTERVAL	BOOLEAN	OTHER (object), BIT, BIT VARYING, ARRAY
Informix Dynamic Server Informix Dynamic Server Informix Dynamic Server, also known as IDS, is an extensible Relational Database Management System originally developed by Informix Software Inc....	Static	SMALLINT (16-bit), INT (32-bit), INT8 (64-bit proprietary), BIGINT (64-bit)	SMALLFLOAT (32-bit), FLOAT (64-bit)	DECIMAL (32 digits float/fixed), MONEY	CHAR, VARCHAR, NCHAR, NVARCHAR, LVARCHAR, CLOB, TEXT	TEXT, BYTE, BLOB, CLOB	DATE, DATETIME, INTERVAL	BOOLEAN	SET, LIST, MULTISET, ROW, TIMESERIES, SPATIAL, USER DEFINED TYPES
Ingres	Static	TINYINT (8-bit), SMALLINT (16-bit), INTEGER (32-bit), BIGINT (64-bit)	FLOAT4 (32-bit), FLOAT (64-bit)	DECIMAL	C, CHAR, VARCHAR, LONG VARCHAR, NCHAR, NVARCHAR, LONG NVARCHAR, TEXT	BYTE, VARBYTE, LONG VARBYTE (BLOB)	DATE, ANSIDATE, INGRESDATE, TIME, TIMESTAMP, INTERVAL	N/A	MONEY, OBJECT_KEY, TABLE_KEY, USER-DEFINED DATA TYPES (via OME)
Microsoft SQL Server Microsoft SQL Server Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database server, developed by Microsoft: It is a software product whose primary function is to store and retrieve data as requested by other software applications, be it those on the same computer or those running on another computer across a network...	Static	TINYINT, SMALLINT, INT, BIGINT	FLOAT, REAL	NUMERIC, DECIMAL, SMALLMONEY, MONEY	CHAR, VARCHAR, TEXT, NCHAR, NVARCHAR, NTEXT	BINARY, VARBINARY, IMAGE, FILESTREAM	DATE, DATETIMEOFFSET, DATETIME2, SMALLDATETIME, DATETIME, TIME	BIT	CURSOR, TIMESTAMP, HIERARCHYID, UNIQUEIDENTIFIER, SQL_VARIANT, XML, TABLE
Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database) SQL Server Compact Microsoft SQL Server Compact is a compact relational database produced by Microsoft for applications that run on mobile devices and desktops. Prior to the introduction of the desktop platform, it was known as SQL Server for Windows CE and SQL Server Mobile Edition...	Static	TINYINT, SMALLINT, INT, BIGINT	FLOAT, REAL	NUMERIC, DECIMAL, MONEY	NCHAR, NVARCHAR, NTEXT	BINARY, VARBINARY, IMAGE	DATETIME	BIT	TIMESTAMP, ROWVERSION, UNIQUEIDENTIFIER, IDENTITY, ROWGUIDCOL
MySQL MySQL MySQL officially, but also commonly "My Sequel") is a relational database management system that runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases. It is named after developer Michael Widenius' daughter, My...	Static	TINYINT (8-bit), SMALLINT (16-bit), MEDIUMINT (24-bit), INT (32-bit), BIGINT (64-bit)	FLOAT (32-bit), DOUBLE (aka REAL) (64-bit)	DECIMAL	CHAR, BINARY, VARCHAR, VARBINARY, TEXT, TINYTEXT, MEDIUMTEXT, LONGTEXT	TINYBLOB, BLOB, MEDIUMBLOB, LONGBLOB	DATETIME, DATE, TIMESTAMP, YEAR	BOOLEAN (aka BOOL) = synonym for TINYINT	ENUM, SET, GIS data types (Geometry, Point, Curve, LineString, Surface, Polygon, GeometryCollection, MultiPoint, MultiCurve, MultiLineString, MultiSurface, MultiPolygon)
Oracle Oracle Database The Oracle Database is an object-relational database management system produced and marketed by Oracle Corporation....	Static + Dynamic (through ANYDATA)	NUMBER	BINARY_FLOAT, BINARY_DOUBLE	NUMBER	CHAR, VARCHAR2, CLOB, NCLOB, NVARCHAR2, NCHAR	BLOB, RAW, LONGRAW, BFILE	DATE, TIMESTAMP (with/without TIMEZONE), INTERVAL	N/A	SPATIAL, IMAGE, AUDIO, VIDEO, DICOM, XMLType
Polyhedra Polyhedra DBMS Polyhedra is a family of relational database management systems offered by ENEA AB, a Swedish company. The original version of Polyhedra was an in-memory database management system which could be used in high availability configurations; in 2006 Polyhedra FlashLite was introduced to allow...	Static	INTEGER8 (8-bit), INTEGER(16-bit), INTEGER (32-bit)	FLOAT32 (32-bit), FLOAT (aka REAL; 64-bit)	N/A	VARCHAR, LARGE VARCHAR (aka CHARACTER LARGE OBJECT)	LARGE BINARY (aka BINARY LARGE OBJECT)	DATETIME	BOOLEAN	N/A
PostgreSQL PostgreSQL PostgreSQL, often simply Postgres, is an object-relational database management system available for many platforms including Linux, FreeBSD, Solaris, MS Windows and Mac OS X. It is released under the PostgreSQL License, which is an MIT-style license, and is thus free and open source software...	Static	SMALLINT (16-bit), INTEGER (32-bit), BIGINT (64-bit)	REAL (32-bit), DOUBLE PRECISION (64-bit)	DECIMAL, NUMERIC	CHAR, VARCHAR, TEXT	BYTEA	DATE, TIME (with/without TIMEZONE), TIMESTAMP (with/without TIMEZONE), INTERVAL	BOOLEAN	ENUM, POINT, LINE, LSEG, BOX, PATH, POLYGON, CIRCLE, CIDR, INET, MACADDR, BIT, UUID, XML, arrays
RDM Embedded RDM Embedded RDM Embedded is a high performance, ACID-compliant embedded database management system designed to be linked into C/C++ application programs. RDM Embedded has been designed to utilize multi-core computers, networking , and in-memory or on-disk storage. It provides a low-level C API and a higher...	Static	tinyint, smallint, integer, bigint	real, float, double	N/A	char, varchar, wchar, varwchar, long varchar, long varwchar	binary, varbinary, long varbinary	date, time, timestamp	bit	N/A
RDM Server RDM Server RDM Server is an embeddable, heterogeneous, client/server database management system supporting both C/C++ and SQL APIs for programming flexibility. The databases can be disk resident and/or memory resident. RDM Server implements multi-user locking, hot database backup, and a fully ACID compliant...	Static	tinyint, smallint, integer, bigint	real, float, double	decimal, numeric	char, varchar, wchar, varwchar, long varchar, long varwchar	binary, varbinary, long varbinary	date, time, timestamp	bit	rowid
SQLite SQLite SQLite is an ACID-compliant embedded relational database management system contained in a relatively small C programming library. The source code for SQLite is in the public domain and implements most of the SQL standard...	Dynamic	INTEGER (64-bit)	REAL (aka FLOAT, DOUBLE) (64-bit)	N/A	TEXT (aka CHAR, CLOB)	BLOB	N/A	N/A	N/A
UniData	Dynamic	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
UniVerse Universe The Universe is commonly defined as the totality of everything that exists, including all matter and energy, the planets, stars, galaxies, and the contents of intergalactic space. Definitions and usage vary and similar terms include the cosmos, the world and nature...	Dynamic	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
	Type system Type system A type system associates a type with each computed value. By examining the flow of these values, a type system attempts to ensure or prove that no type errors can occur...	Integer Integer (computer science) In computer science, an integer is a datum of integral data type, a data type which represents some finite subset of the mathematical integers. Integral data types may be of different sizes and may or may not be allowed to contain negative values....	Floating point Floating point In computing, floating point describes a method of representing real numbers in a way that can support a wide range of values. Numbers are, in general, represented approximately to a fixed number of significant digits and scaled using an exponent. The base for the scaling is normally 2, 10 or 16...	Decimal	String String (computer science) In formal languages, which are used in mathematical logic and theoretical computer science, a string is a finite sequence of symbols that are chosen from a set or alphabet....	Binary Binary large object A blob is a collection of binary data stored as a single entity in a database management system. Blobs are typically images, audio or other multimedia objects, though sometimes binary executable code is stored as a blob...	Date/Time	Boolean	Other

Other objects

Information about what other objects are supported natively.

	Data Domain Data domain In data management and database analysis, a data domain refers to all the unique values which a data element may contain. The rule for determining the domain boundary may be as simple as a data type with an enumerated list of values....	Cursor Cursor (databases) In computer science and technology, a database cursor is a control structure that enables traversal over the records in a database. Cursors facilitate subsequent processing in conjunction with the traversal, such as retrieval, addition and removal of database records...	Trigger Database trigger A database trigger is procedural code that is automatically executed in response to certain events on a particular table or view in a database. The trigger is mostly used for keeping the integrity of the information on the database...	Function 1	Procedure Procedure Procedure may refer to:* Procedure * Medical procedure* Algorithm, in mathematics and computing, a set of operations or calculations that accomplish some goal* Instructions or recipes, a set of commands that show how to prepare or make something...  1	External routine 1
4th Dimension 4th Dimension (Software) 4th Dimension is a relational database management system and IDE developed by Laurent Ribardière. 4D was created in 1984....
ADABAS Adabas ADABAS is Software AG’s primary database management system.- History :First released in 1970, ADABAS is considered by some to have been one of the earliest commercially available database products...				?	?
Adaptive Server Enterprise Adaptive Server Enterprise Adaptive Server Enterprise is Sybase Corporation's flagship enterprise-class relational model database server product. ASE is predominantly used on the Unix platform but is also available for Windows.-History:...
Advantage Database Server Advantage Database Server Advantage Database Server is a relational database management system for small to medium sized businesses by Sybase iAnywhere. Database author Cary Jensen describes Advantage as follows: "Advantage has been around since 1993, when it was introduced to provide a stable solution for Clipper...
Apache Derby Apache Derby Apache Derby is a relational database management system developed by the Apache Software Foundation that can be embedded in Java programs and used for online transaction processing. It has a 2 MB disk-space footprint.Apache Derby is developed as an open source project under the Apache 2.0 license...				2	2	2
CUBRID CUBRID CUBRID is a comprehensive open source relational database management system highly optimized for Web applications, especially when complex business services process large amount of data and generate huge concurrent requests...					2
Drizzle Drizzle (database server) Drizzle is a free software/open source relational database management system that was forked from version 6.0 of the MySQL DBMS.Like MySQL, Drizzle has a client/server architecture and uses SQL as its primary command language...			4	4	4	4
Empress Embedded Database	via RANGE CHECK
DB2 IBM DB2 The IBM DB2 Enterprise Server Edition is a relational model database server developed by IBM. It primarily runs on Unix , Linux, IBM i , z/OS and Windows servers. DB2 also powers the different IBM InfoSphere Warehouse editions...	via CHECK CONSTRAINT
Firebird Firebird (database server) Firebird is an open source SQL relational database management system that runs on Linux, Windows, and a variety of Unix. The database forked from Borland's open source edition of InterBase in 2000, but since Firebird 1.5 the code has been largely rewritten ....
HSQLDB HSQLDB HSQLDB is a relational database management system written in Java. It has a JDBC driver and supports a large subset of SQL-92 and SQL:2008 standards. It offers a fast, small database engine which offers both in-memory and disk-based tables...
H2 H2 (DBMS) H2 is a relational database management system written in Java. It can be embedded in Java applications or run in the client-server mode. The disk footprint is about 1 MB....			2	2	2
Informix Dynamic Server Informix Dynamic Server Informix Dynamic Server, also known as IDS, is an extensible Relational Database Management System originally developed by Informix Software Inc....	via CHECK
Ingres
InterBase InterBase InterBase is a relational database management system currently developed and marketed by Embarcadero Technologies. InterBase is distinguished from other DBMSs by its small footprint, close to zero administration requirements, and multi-generational architecture...
Linter SQL RDBMS Linter SQL RDBMS Linter SQL RDBMS is the main product of RELEX Group. Linter is a Russian DBMS compliant with the SQL-92 standard and supporting the majority of operating systems, among them Win32 , NetWare, various versions of Unix, OS9, QNX, VxWorks and others...
LucidDB LucidDB LucidDB is an Open Source database purpose-built to power Data Warehouses, OLAP servers and Business Intelligence systems.LucidDB is the first and only open-source RDBMS purpose-built entirely for data warehousing and business intelligence...				2	2	2
MaxDB MaxDB MaxDB is an ANSI SQL-92 compliant relational database management system from SAP AG, which was delivered also by MySQL AB from 2003 to 2007. MaxDB is targeted for large SAP environments e.g. mySAP Business Suite and other applications that require enterprise-level database functionality...
Microsoft Access Microsoft Access Microsoft Office Access, previously known as Microsoft Access, is a relational database management system from Microsoft that combines the relational Microsoft Jet Database Engine with a graphical user interface and software-development tools. It is a member of the Microsoft Office suite of...  (JET)
Microsoft Visual Foxpro
Microsoft SQL Server Microsoft SQL Server Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database server, developed by Microsoft: It is a software product whose primary function is to store and retrieve data as requested by other software applications, be it those on the same computer or those running on another computer across a network...	(2000 and beyond)
Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database) SQL Server Compact Microsoft SQL Server Compact is a compact relational database produced by Microsoft for applications that run on mobile devices and desktops. Prior to the introduction of the desktop platform, it was known as SQL Server for Windows CE and SQL Server Mobile Edition...
MonetDB MonetDB MonetDB is an open source column-oriented database management system developed at the Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica in the Netherlands.It was designed to provide high performance on complex queries against large databases,e.g...
MySQL MySQL MySQL officially, but also commonly "My Sequel") is a relational database management system that runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases. It is named after developer Michael Widenius' daughter, My...	3
OpenBase SQL OpenBase OpenBase SQL is a relational database server software, originally developed for the OpenStep platform. First released in 1991, OpenBase is available today for several platforms, although the bulk of its users are on Mac OS X...
Oracle Oracle database The Oracle Database is an object-relational database management system produced and marketed by Oracle Corporation....
Oracle Rdb Oracle Rdb Rdb/VMS is a relational database management system for the Hewlett-Packard OpenVMS operating system. It was originally created by Digital Equipment Corporation in 1984 as part of the VMS Information Architecture, intended to be used for data storage and retrieval by high-level languages and/or...
OpenLink Virtuoso Virtuoso Universal Server Virtuoso Universal Server is a middleware and database engine hybrid that combines the functionality of a traditional RDBMS, ORDBMS, virtual database, RDF, XML, free-text, web application server and file server functionality in a single system...
Polyhedra DBMS Polyhedra DBMS Polyhedra is a family of relational database management systems offered by ENEA AB, a Swedish company. The original version of Polyhedra was an in-memory database management system which could be used in high availability configurations; in 2006 Polyhedra FlashLite was introduced to allow...
PostgreSQL PostgreSQL PostgreSQL, often simply Postgres, is an object-relational database management system available for many platforms including Linux, FreeBSD, Solaris, MS Windows and Mac OS X. It is released under the PostgreSQL License, which is an MIT-style license, and is thus free and open source software...
RDM Embedded RDM Embedded RDM Embedded is a high performance, ACID-compliant embedded database management system designed to be linked into C/C++ application programs. RDM Embedded has been designed to utilize multi-core computers, networking , and in-memory or on-disk storage. It provides a low-level C API and a higher...
RDM Server RDM Server RDM Server is an embeddable, heterogeneous, client/server database management system supporting both C/C++ and SQL APIs for programming flexibility. The databases can be disk resident and/or memory resident. RDM Server implements multi-user locking, hot database backup, and a fully ACID compliant...
ScimoreDB ScimoreDB ScimoreDB is a proprietary freeware relational database management system for Microsoft Windows, developed by Scimore UAB.It features advanced features: SQL, ACID transactions, Multiversion concurrency control, free text search, shared nothing clustering, functional procedural shipment for...
SQL Anywhere SQL Anywhere SQL Anywhere is a relational database management system product from the company Sybase iAnywhere, a subsidiary of Sybase.- Features :...
SQLite SQLite SQLite is an ACID-compliant embedded relational database management system contained in a relatively small C programming library. The source code for SQLite is in the public domain and implements most of the SQL standard...
Teradata Teradata Teradata Corporation is a vendor specializing in data warehousing and analytic applications. Its products are commonly used by companies to manage data warehouses for analytics and business intelligence purposes. Teradata was formerly a division of NCR Corporation, with the spinoff from NCR on...
UniData
UniVerse Universe The Universe is commonly defined as the totality of everything that exists, including all matter and energy, the planets, stars, galaxies, and the contents of intergalactic space. Definitions and usage vary and similar terms include the cosmos, the world and nature...
	Data Domain Data domain In data management and database analysis, a data domain refers to all the unique values which a data element may contain. The rule for determining the domain boundary may be as simple as a data type with an enumerated list of values....	Cursor Cursor (databases) In computer science and technology, a database cursor is a control structure that enables traversal over the records in a database. Cursors facilitate subsequent processing in conjunction with the traversal, such as retrieval, addition and removal of database records...	Trigger Database trigger A database trigger is procedural code that is automatically executed in response to certain events on a particular table or view in a database. The trigger is mostly used for keeping the integrity of the information on the database...	Function 1	Procedure Procedure Procedure may refer to:* Procedure * Medical procedure* Algorithm, in mathematics and computing, a set of operations or calculations that accomplish some goal* Instructions or recipes, a set of commands that show how to prepare or make something...  1	External routine 1

Note (1): Both function and procedure refer to internal routines written in SQL and/or procedural language like PL/SQL

PL/SQL

PL/SQL is Oracle Corporation's procedural extension language for SQL and the Oracle relational database...

. External routine refers to the one written in the host languages, such as C, Java, Cobol, etc. "Stored procedure

Stored procedure

A stored procedure is a subroutine available to applications that access a relational database system. A stored procedure is actually stored in the database data dictionary.Typical uses for stored procedures include data validation or access control mechanisms...

" is a commonly used term for these routine types. However, its definition varies between different database vendors.

Note (2): In Derby, H2, LucidDB, and CUBRID, users code functions and procedures in Java.

Note (3): ENUM datatype exist. CHECK clause is parsed, but not enforced in runtime.

Note (4): In Drizzle the user codes functions and procedures in C++.

Partitioning

Information about what partitioning

Partition (database)

A partition is a division of a logical database or its constituting elements into distinct independent parts. Database partitioning is normally done for manageability, performance or availability reasons....

 methods are supported natively.

	Range	Hash	Composite (Range+Hash)	List
4th Dimension 4th Dimension (Software) 4th Dimension is a relational database management system and IDE developed by Laurent Ribardière. 4D was created in 1984....
ADABAS Adabas ADABAS is Software AG’s primary database management system.- History :First released in 1970, ADABAS is considered by some to have been one of the earliest commercially available database products...
Adaptive Server Enterprise Adaptive Server Enterprise Adaptive Server Enterprise is Sybase Corporation's flagship enterprise-class relational model database server product. ASE is predominantly used on the Unix platform but is also available for Windows.-History:...
Advantage Database Server Advantage Database Server Advantage Database Server is a relational database management system for small to medium sized businesses by Sybase iAnywhere. Database author Cary Jensen describes Advantage as follows: "Advantage has been around since 1993, when it was introduced to provide a stable solution for Clipper...
Apache Derby Apache Derby Apache Derby is a relational database management system developed by the Apache Software Foundation that can be embedded in Java programs and used for online transaction processing. It has a 2 MB disk-space footprint.Apache Derby is developed as an open source project under the Apache 2.0 license...
CUBRID CUBRID CUBRID is a comprehensive open source relational database management system highly optimized for Web applications, especially when complex business services process large amount of data and generate huge concurrent requests...
IBM DB2 IBM DB2 The IBM DB2 Enterprise Server Edition is a relational model database server developed by IBM. It primarily runs on Unix , Linux, IBM i , z/OS and Windows servers. DB2 also powers the different IBM InfoSphere Warehouse editions...
Empress Embedded Database
Firebird Firebird (database server) Firebird is an open source SQL relational database management system that runs on Linux, Windows, and a variety of Unix. The database forked from Borland's open source edition of InterBase in 2000, but since Firebird 1.5 the code has been largely rewritten ....
HSQLDB HSQLDB HSQLDB is a relational database management system written in Java. It has a JDBC driver and supports a large subset of SQL-92 and SQL:2008 standards. It offers a fast, small database engine which offers both in-memory and disk-based tables...
H2 H2 (DBMS) H2 is a relational database management system written in Java. It can be embedded in Java applications or run in the client-server mode. The disk footprint is about 1 MB....
Informix Dynamic Server Informix Dynamic Server Informix Dynamic Server, also known as IDS, is an extensible Relational Database Management System originally developed by Informix Software Inc....
Ingres
InterBase InterBase InterBase is a relational database management system currently developed and marketed by Embarcadero Technologies. InterBase is distinguished from other DBMSs by its small footprint, close to zero administration requirements, and multi-generational architecture...
Linter SQL RDBMS Linter SQL RDBMS Linter SQL RDBMS is the main product of RELEX Group. Linter is a Russian DBMS compliant with the SQL-92 standard and supporting the majority of operating systems, among them Win32 , NetWare, various versions of Unix, OS9, QNX, VxWorks and others...
MaxDB MaxDB MaxDB is an ANSI SQL-92 compliant relational database management system from SAP AG, which was delivered also by MySQL AB from 2003 to 2007. MaxDB is targeted for large SAP environments e.g. mySAP Business Suite and other applications that require enterprise-level database functionality...
Microsoft Access Microsoft Access Microsoft Office Access, previously known as Microsoft Access, is a relational database management system from Microsoft that combines the relational Microsoft Jet Database Engine with a graphical user interface and software-development tools. It is a member of the Microsoft Office suite of...  (JET)
Microsoft Visual Foxpro
Microsoft SQL Server Microsoft SQL Server Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database server, developed by Microsoft: It is a software product whose primary function is to store and retrieve data as requested by other software applications, be it those on the same computer or those running on another computer across a network...
Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database) SQL Server Compact Microsoft SQL Server Compact is a compact relational database produced by Microsoft for applications that run on mobile devices and desktops. Prior to the introduction of the desktop platform, it was known as SQL Server for Windows CE and SQL Server Mobile Edition...
MonetDB MonetDB MonetDB is an open source column-oriented database management system developed at the Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica in the Netherlands.It was designed to provide high performance on complex queries against large databases,e.g...	(M5)	(M5)	(M5)
MySQL MySQL MySQL officially, but also commonly "My Sequel") is a relational database management system that runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases. It is named after developer Michael Widenius' daughter, My...
OpenBase SQL OpenBase OpenBase SQL is a relational database server software, originally developed for the OpenStep platform. First released in 1991, OpenBase is available today for several platforms, although the bulk of its users are on Mac OS X...
Oracle Oracle database The Oracle Database is an object-relational database management system produced and marketed by Oracle Corporation....
Oracle Rdb Oracle Rdb Rdb/VMS is a relational database management system for the Hewlett-Packard OpenVMS operating system. It was originally created by Digital Equipment Corporation in 1984 as part of the VMS Information Architecture, intended to be used for data storage and retrieval by high-level languages and/or...
OpenLink Virtuoso Virtuoso Universal Server Virtuoso Universal Server is a middleware and database engine hybrid that combines the functionality of a traditional RDBMS, ORDBMS, virtual database, RDF, XML, free-text, web application server and file server functionality in a single system...
Polyhedra DBMS Polyhedra DBMS Polyhedra is a family of relational database management systems offered by ENEA AB, a Swedish company. The original version of Polyhedra was an in-memory database management system which could be used in high availability configurations; in 2006 Polyhedra FlashLite was introduced to allow...
PostgreSQL PostgreSQL PostgreSQL, often simply Postgres, is an object-relational database management system available for many platforms including Linux, FreeBSD, Solaris, MS Windows and Mac OS X. It is released under the PostgreSQL License, which is an MIT-style license, and is thus free and open source software...	1	1	1	1
RDM Embedded RDM Embedded RDM Embedded is a high performance, ACID-compliant embedded database management system designed to be linked into C/C++ application programs. RDM Embedded has been designed to utilize multi-core computers, networking , and in-memory or on-disk storage. It provides a low-level C API and a higher...	2	2	2
RDM Server RDM Server RDM Server is an embeddable, heterogeneous, client/server database management system supporting both C/C++ and SQL APIs for programming flexibility. The databases can be disk resident and/or memory resident. RDM Server implements multi-user locking, hot database backup, and a fully ACID compliant...
ScimoreDB ScimoreDB ScimoreDB is a proprietary freeware relational database management system for Microsoft Windows, developed by Scimore UAB.It features advanced features: SQL, ACID transactions, Multiversion concurrency control, free text search, shared nothing clustering, functional procedural shipment for...
SQL Anywhere SQL Anywhere SQL Anywhere is a relational database management system product from the company Sybase iAnywhere, a subsidiary of Sybase.- Features :...
SQLite SQLite SQLite is an ACID-compliant embedded relational database management system contained in a relatively small C programming library. The source code for SQLite is in the public domain and implements most of the SQL standard...
Teradata Teradata Teradata Corporation is a vendor specializing in data warehousing and analytic applications. Its products are commonly used by companies to manage data warehouses for analytics and business intelligence purposes. Teradata was formerly a division of NCR Corporation, with the spinoff from NCR on...
UniVerse Universe The Universe is commonly defined as the totality of everything that exists, including all matter and energy, the planets, stars, galaxies, and the contents of intergalactic space. Definitions and usage vary and similar terms include the cosmos, the world and nature...
	Range	Hash	Composite (Range+Hash)	List

Note (1): PostgreSQL 8.1 provides partitioning support through check constraints. Range, List and Hash methods can be emulated with PL/pgSQL

PL/pgSQL

PL/pgSQL is a procedural language supported by the PostgreSQL ORDBMS. It closely resembles Oracle's PL/SQL language....

 or other procedural languages.

Note (2): RDM Embedded 10.1 requires the application programs to select the correct partition (using range, hash or composite techniques) when adding data, but the database union functionality allows all partitions to be read as a single database.

Access control

Information about access control functionalities (work in progress).

	Native network encryption1	Brute-force protection	Enterprise directory compatibility	Password complexity rules2	Patch access3	Run unprivileged4	Audit	Resource limit	Separation of duties (RBAC Role-Based Access Control In computer systems security, role-based access control is an approach to restricting system access to authorized users. It is used by the majority of enterprises with more than 500 employees, and can be implemented via mandatory access control or discretionary access control... )5	Security Certification
Adaptive Server Enterprise Adaptive Server Enterprise Adaptive Server Enterprise is Sybase Corporation's flagship enterprise-class relational model database server product. ASE is predominantly used on the Unix platform but is also available for Windows.-History:...	(optional; to pay)		(optional ?)		(need to register; depend on which product)					(EAL4+ 1)
Advantage Database Server Advantage Database Server Advantage Database Server is a relational database management system for small to medium sized businesses by Sybase iAnywhere. Database author Cary Jensen describes Advantage as follows: "Advantage has been around since 1993, when it was introduced to provide a stable solution for Clipper...
DB2 IBM DB2 The IBM DB2 Enterprise Server Edition is a relational model database server developed by IBM. It primarily runs on Unix , Linux, IBM i , z/OS and Windows servers. DB2 also powers the different IBM InfoSphere Warehouse editions...			(LDAP, Kerberos…)							(EAL4+6)
Empress Embedded Database
Firebird Firebird (database server) Firebird is an open source SQL relational database management system that runs on Linux, Windows, and a variety of Unix. The database forked from Borland's open source edition of InterBase in 2000, but since Firebird 1.5 the code has been largely rewritten ....			(Windows trusted authenification)		(no security page)				7
HSQLDB HSQLDB HSQLDB is a relational database management system written in Java. It has a JDBC driver and supports a large subset of SQL-92 and SQL:2008 standards. It offers a fast, small database engine which offers both in-memory and disk-based tables...
H2 H2 (DBMS) H2 is a relational database management system written in Java. It can be embedded in Java applications or run in the client-server mode. The disk footprint is about 1 MB....
Informix Dynamic Server Informix Dynamic Server Informix Dynamic Server, also known as IDS, is an extensible Relational Database Management System originally developed by Informix Software Inc....			10	10
Linter SQL RDBMS Linter SQL RDBMS Linter SQL RDBMS is the main product of RELEX Group. Linter is a Russian DBMS compliant with the SQL-92 standard and supporting the majority of operating systems, among them Win32 , NetWare, various versions of Unix, OS9, QNX, VxWorks and others...	(with SSL)			(length only)
MySQL MySQL MySQL officially, but also commonly "My Sequel") is a relational database management system that runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases. It is named after developer Michael Widenius' daughter, My...	(SSL with 4.0)		(with 5.5)		(no security page)				8
OpenBase SQL OpenBase OpenBase SQL is a relational database server software, originally developed for the OpenStep platform. First released in 1991, OpenBase is available today for several platforms, although the bulk of its users are on Mac OS X...			(Open Directory, LDAP)
Microsoft SQL Server Microsoft SQL Server Microsoft SQL Server is a relational database server, developed by Microsoft: It is a software product whose primary function is to store and retrieve data as requested by other software applications, be it those on the same computer or those running on another computer across a network...			(Microsoft Active Directory)				(From 2008)			(EAL1+1)
Microsoft SQL Server Compact (Embedded Database) SQL Server Compact Microsoft SQL Server Compact is a compact relational database produced by Microsoft for applications that run on mobile devices and desktops. Prior to the introduction of the desktop platform, it was known as SQL Server for Windows CE and SQL Server Mobile Edition...	(not relevant, only file permissions)	(not relevant)	(not relevant)	(not relevant)		(file access)
Oracle Oracle Database The Oracle Database is an object-relational database management system produced and marketed by Oracle Corporation....										(EAL4+1)
PostgreSQL PostgreSQL PostgreSQL, often simply Postgres, is an object-relational database management system available for many platforms including Linux, FreeBSD, Solaris, MS Windows and Mac OS X. It is released under the PostgreSQL License, which is an MIT-style license, and is thus free and open source software...		(for 9.1)	(LDAP, Kerberos…9)	(as of 9.0 with passwordcheck module)						(EAL11)
RDM Embedded RDM Embedded RDM Embedded is a high performance, ACID-compliant embedded database management system designed to be linked into C/C++ application programs. RDM Embedded has been designed to utilize multi-core computers, networking , and in-memory or on-disk storage. It provides a low-level C API and a higher...
RDM Server RDM Server RDM Server is an embeddable, heterogeneous, client/server database management system supporting both C/C++ and SQL APIs for programming flexibility. The databases can be disk resident and/or memory resident. RDM Server implements multi-user locking, hot database backup, and a fully ACID compliant...
SQL Anywhere SQL Anywhere SQL Anywhere is a relational database management system product from the company Sybase iAnywhere, a subsidiary of Sybase.- Features :...			(Kerberos)							(EAL3+1 as Adaptive Server Anywhere)
SQLite SQLite SQLite is an ACID-compliant embedded relational database management system contained in a relatively small C programming library. The source code for SQLite is in the public domain and implements most of the SQL standard...	(not relevant, only file permissions)	(not relevant)	(not relevant)	(not relevant)	(no security page)	(file access)
	Native network encryption1	Brute-force protection	Enterprise directory compatibility	Password complexity rules2	Patch access3	Run unprivileged4	Audit	Resource limit	Separation of duties (RBAC Role-Based Access Control In computer systems security, role-based access control is an approach to restricting system access to authorized users. It is used by the majority of enterprises with more than 500 employees, and can be implemented via mandatory access control or discretionary access control... )5	Security Certification

Note (1): Network traffic could be transmitted in a secure way (not clear-text, en general SSL encryption). Precise if option is default, included option or an extra modules to buy.

Note (2): Options are present to set a minimum size for password, respect complexity like presence of numbers or special characters.

Note (3): How do you get security updates? Is it free access, do you need a login or to pay? Is there easy access through a Web/FTP portal or RSS feed or only through offline access (mail CD-ROM, phone).

Note (4): Does database process run as root/administrator or unprivileged user? What is default configuration?

Note (5): Is there a separate user to manage special operation like backup (only dump/restore permissions), security officer (audit), administrator (add user/create database), etc.? Is it default or optional?

Note (6): Common Criteria certified product list

Note (7): FirebirdSQL seems to only have SYSDBA user and DB owner. There are no separate roles for backup operator and security administrator.

Note (8): User can define a dedicated backup user but nothing particular in default install

Note (9): Authentication methods

Note (10): Informix Dynamic Server supports PAM and other configurable authentication. By default uses OS authentication.

Databases vs schemas (terminology)

The SQL

SQL

SQL is a programming language designed for managing data in relational database management systems ....

 specification makes clear what an "SQL schema" is; however, different databases implement it incorrectly. To compound this confusion the functionality can, when incorrectly implemented, overlap with that of the parent-database. An SQL schema is simply a namespace

Namespace

In general, a namespace is a container that provides context for the identifiers it holds, and allows the disambiguation of homonym identifiers residing in different namespaces....

 within a database, things within this namespace are addressed using the member operator

Operator (programming)

Programming languages typically support a set of operators: operations which differ from the language's functions in calling syntax and/or argument passing mode. Common examples that differ by syntax are mathematical arithmetic operations, e.g...

 dot ".". This seems to be a universal amongst all of the implementations.

A true fully (database, schema, and table) qualified

Fully qualified name

In computer programming, a fully qualified name is an unambiguous name that specifies which object, function, or variable a call refers to without regard to the context of the call...

 query is exemplified as such: SELECT * FROM database.schema.table

Now, the issue, both a schema and a database can be used to isolate one table, "foo" from another like named table "foo". The following is pseudo code:

• SELECT * FROM db1.foo vs. SELECT * FROM db2.foo (no explicit schema between db and table)
• SELECT * FROM [db1.]default.foo vs. SELECT * FROM [db1.]alternate.foo (no explicit db prefix)

The problem that arises is that former MySQL

MySQL

MySQL officially, but also commonly "My Sequel") is a relational database management system that runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases. It is named after developer Michael Widenius' daughter, My...

 users will create multiple databases for one project. In this context, MySQL databases are analogous in function to Postgres-schemas, insomuch as Postgres lacks off-the-shelf cross-database functionality that MySQL has. Conversely, PostgreSQL

PostgreSQL

PostgreSQL, often simply Postgres, is an object-relational database management system available for many platforms including Linux, FreeBSD, Solaris, MS Windows and Mac OS X. It is released under the PostgreSQL License, which is an MIT-style license, and is thus free and open source software...

 has applied more of the specification implementing cross-table, cross-schema, and then left room for future cross-database functionality.

MySQL aliases schema with database behind the scenes, such that CREATE SCHEMA and CREATE DATABASE are analogs. It can therefore be said that MySQL has implemented cross-table functionality, skipped schema functionality entirely, and provided similar functionality into their implementation of a database. In summary, Postgres fully supports schemas but lacks some functionality MySQL has with databases, while MySQL does not even attempt to support true schemas.

Oracle has its own spin where creating a user is synonymous with creating a schema. Thus a database administrator can create a user called PROJECT and then create a table PROJECT.TABLE. Users can exist without schema objects, but an object is always associated with an owner (though that owner may not have privileges to connect to the database). With the Oracle 'shared-everything' RAC architecture, the same database can be opened by multiple servers concurrently. This is independent of replication, which can also be used, whereby the data is copied for use by different server. In the Oracle view, the 'database' is a set of files which contains the data while the 'instance' is a set of processes (and memory) through which a database is accessed.

The end result is confusion between the database factions. The Postgres and Oracle communities maintain that one database is all that is needed for one project, per the definition of database. MySQL proponents maintain that schemas have no legitimate purpose when the functionality can be achieved with databases. Postgres adheres to the SQL specification, in a more intuitive fashion (bottom-up), while MySQL’s pragmatic counterargument allows their users to get the job done while creating conceptual confusion.

See also

• List of relational database management systems
• Comparison of object-relational database management systems
  Comparison of object-relational database management systems
  The following Database Management Systems have at least some object-relational features. They vary widely in their completeness and the approaches taken....
  
  
• Comparison of database tools
  Comparison of database tools
  The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of available database administrator tools. Please see individual product articles for further information...
  
  
• Object Database
  Object database
  An object database is a database management system in which information is represented in the form of objects as used in object-oriented programming...
  
  - some of which have relational (SQL/ODBC) interfaces.

External links

• Comparison of different SQL implementations against SQL standards. Includes Oracle, DB2, Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL and PostgreSQL. (08/Jun/2007)
• Features, strengths and weaknesses comparison between Oracle and MSSQL (independent).
• The SQL92 standard
• Cross Database Solutions. Cross Database Comparison, Migration, Replication and Synchronization.