Communist Party of Vietnam

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Communist Party of Vietnam

The Communist Party of Vietnam (Ð?ng C?ng s?n Vi?t Nam) is the currently ruling, as well as the only legal political party

Political party

A political party is a political organization that seeks to attain and maintain politics power within government, usually by participating in electoral campaigns....
in Vietnam

Vietnam

Vietnam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam , is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by People's Republic of China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea to the east....
. It is a Marxist-Leninist

Marxism-Leninism

Communist party

A political party described as a communist party includes those that advocate the application of the social principles of communism through a communist form of government....
supported by (and a part of) the Vietnamese Fatherland Front

Vietnamese Fatherland Front

For the national railway company of Switzerland, see SBB-CFF-FFS.The Vietnamese Fatherland Front is an umbrella group of pro-government "mass movements" in Vietnam, and has close links to the Communist Party of Vietnam and the Vietnamese government....
. In most of the cases, the Vietnamese press and people refer to the Communist Party of Vietnam as "Ð?ng" (Party) or "Ð?ng ta" (our Party).

Party was founded by H? Chí Minh and other exiles living in China

China

China is a Culture of China, an ancient civilization, and, depending on perspective, a national or multinational entity extending over a large area in East Asia....
as the Vietnamese Communist Party (Vi?t Nam c?ng s?n Ð?ng) at a conference in Hong Kong

Hong Kong

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Encyclopedia

The Communist Party of Vietnam (Ð?ng C?ng s?n Vi?t Nam) is the currently ruling, as well as the only legal political party

Political party

A political party is a political organization that seeks to attain and maintain politics power within government, usually by participating in electoral campaigns....
in Vietnam

Vietnam

Marxism-Leninism

Communist party

Vietnamese Fatherland Front

History

The Party was founded by H? Chí Minh and other exiles living in China

China

Hong Kong

Hong Kong , officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located in Southern China in East Asia, bordering the province of Guangdong to the north and facing the South China Sea to the east, west and south....
February 1930. At the Hong Kong conference two competing communist factions, Indochinese Communist Party (Ðông Duong c?ng s?n d?ng) and the Communist Party of Annam

Communist Party of Annam

Communist Party of Annam was a Vietnamese communist party. The Communist Party of Annam emerged in late 1929, out of the Communist Youth League....
(An Nam c?ng s?n Ð?ng), merged. Although the third Vietnamese communist group, the Indochinese Communist League (Ðông Duong c?ng s?n liên doàn), had not been invited to the Hong Kong conference its members were allowed to become members of the new united party.

The Hong Kong conference (held in Kowloon City

Kowloon City

Kowloon City is an list of areas of Hong Kong in Kowloon of Hong Kong. Named after the Kowloon Walled City, it is part of Kowloon City District....
) elected a nine-member Provisional Central Committee, consisting of 3 members from Tonkin

Tonkin

Tonkin , also spelled Tongkin, Tonquin or Tongking, is the northernmost part of Vietnam, south of China's Yunnan and Guangxi Provinces, east of northern Laos, and west of the Gulf of Tonkin....
, 2 from Annam

Annam (French Colony)

Annam was a France protectorate encompassing the central region of Vietnam. The word is Chinese for "pacified south." In colonial times, Vietnamese called Annam Trung K? ....
, 2 from Cochinchina

Cochinchina

Cochinchina is a region encompassing the southern third of Vietnam whose principal city is Saigon. It was a French colony from 1864 to 1948. The later state of South Vietnam was created in 1954 by combining Cochinchina with southern Annam ....
, and 2 from the overseas Chinese community. The latter group had previously been organized within the South Seas Communist Party

South Seas Communist Party

South Seas Communist Party was a communist party in South-East Asia established in 1925 when the Communist Party of China separated its exile branches in the region to make way for local communist parties....
.

Soon thereafter, at its first plenum the party changed its name to the Indochinese Communist Party (Ð?ng c?ng s?n Ðông Duong), on directions from Comintern

Comintern

The 'Comintern' was an international Communism organization founded in Moscow in March 1919. The International intended to fight "by all available means, including armed force, for the overthrow of the international bourgeoisie and for the creation of an international Soviet republic as a transition stage to the complete abolition of the Sta...
.

The First National Party Congress was held in secret in Macau

Macau

The Macau Special Administrative Region, , commonly known as Macau or Macao , is one of the two special administrative region of the People's Republic of China, the other being Hong Kong....
in 1935. At the same time, a Comintern congress in Moscow

Moscow

Moscow is the capital and the largest types of inhabited localities in Russia of the Russian Federation. It is also the largest European cities and metropolitan areas, with the Moscow metropolitan area ranking among the largest urban areas in the world....
adopted a policy towards a popular front

Popular front

A popular front is a broad coalition of different political groupings, often made up of Left-wing politics and Centrism who are united by opposition to another group ....
against fascism

Fascism

Fascism is a Political radicalism, Authoritarianism Nationalism ideology that aims to create a single-party state with a government led by a dictator who seeks national unity and development by requiring individuals to subordinate self-interest to the collective interest of the nation or Race ....
and directed Communist movements around the world to collaborate with anti-fascist forces regardless of their orientation towards socialism

Socialism

Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating public or state ownership and administration of the means of production and distribution of goods, and a society characterized by equality for all individuals, with a fair or Egalitarianism method of compensation....
. This required the ICP to regard all nationalist parties in Indochina

French Indochina

French Indochina was the part of the French colonial empire in Indochina in southeast Asia. A federation of the three Vietnamese regions, Tonkin, Annam, and Cochinchina, as well as Cambodia, was formed in 1887....
as potential allies.

The party was formally dissolved in 1945 in order to hide its Communist affiliation and its activities were folded into the Marxism Research Association and the Viet Minh

Viet Minh

The Vi?t Minh was a national liberation movement which dated its foundation to May 19 1941 in South China. The Vi?t Minh initially formed to seek independence for Vietnam from France and later to oppose the Vietnam during World War II....
, which had been founded four years earlier as a common front

Common front

In politics a common front is an alliance between different groups, forces or interests in pursuit of a common goal or in opposition to a common enemy....
for national liberation. The Party was refounded as the Vietnam Workers' Party (Ð?ng lao d?ng Vi?t Nam) at the Second National Party Congress in Tuyen Quang

Tuyen Quang

Tuyen Quang is a town in Vietnam, the capital of Tuyen Quang Province....
in 1951. The Congress was held in territory in north Vietnam controlled by the Viet Minh during the First Indochina War

First Indochina War

The First Indochina War was fought in French Indochina from December 19, 1946, until August 1, 1954, between the French Union?s French Far East Expeditionary Corps, led by France and supported by B?o ??i?s Vietnamese National Army against the Vi?t Minh, led by H? Ch? Minh and V? Nguy?n Gi?p....
. The Third National Congress, held in Hanoi

Hanoi

Hanoi , estimated population 3,398,889 , is the Capital of Vietnam. From 1010 until 1802, with a few brief interruptions, it was the political centre of an independent Vietnam....
in 1960 formalized the tasks of constructing socialism in what was by then North Vietnam

North Vietnam

The Democratic Republic of Vietnam , or less commonly, Vietnamese Democratic Republic was an effective state all over Vietnam from 1945 until the partition of Vietnam in 1954....
, or the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) and committed the party to carrying out the revolution of liberation in the South. At the Fourth National Party Congress held in 1976, the Worker Party's of North Vietnam was merged with the People's Revolutionary Party

People's Revolutionary Party (Vietnam)

The People's Revolutionary Party was a political party in South Vietnam established in 1962. It provided leadership for the Vietcong uprising. In 1976, the party was merged with the Worker's Party of North Vietnam to form the Communist Party of Vietnam....
of South Vietnam to form the Communist Party of Vietnam.

Organization

The CPV is a Marxist-Leninist

Marxism-Leninism

Marxism-Leninism is a communist ideology stream that emerged as the mainstream tendency among the Communist parties in the 1920s as it was adopted as the ideological foundation of the Communist International during Stalin's era....
party run on democratic centralist lines. The supreme leading body is the Politburo (Political Bureau) headed by the Secretary-General. The Politburo is elected by the Central Committee, and the Central Committee is elected by the National Congress. In 1976, as a result of the unification of North and South Vietnam

South Vietnam

South Vietnam refers to an internationally recognized state which governed Vietnam south of the Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone until 1975. Its capital was Saigon and its origin can be traced to the French colony of Cochinchina, which consisted of the southern third of Vietnam....
, the Central Committee

Central Committee

Central Committee most commonly refers to the central executive unit of a Leninist or Communist party, whether ruling or non-ruling. In a Communist party, the Central Committee is made up of delegates elected at a Party Congress....
was expanded to 133 members from 77 and the Politburo

Politburo

Secretariat

In many countries, a Secretariat is an office complex where officials and administrators, including bureaucrats, conduct a government's business....
increased from seven to nine members.

Membership in the party doubled from 760,000 in 1966 to 1,553,500 in 1976, representing 3.1 percent of the total population of the country, and was close to two million by 1986.

The title President of the Central Committee, existing during 1951 - 1969, was nominated for Ho Chi Minh. This position is considered to be that of the supreme leader of the Party.

The National Congress of CPV is to be held every five years (since 1976). Due to the war footing during the wars against French and U.S. troops, the first 4 congresses were not fixed to the common time schedule. After the Foundation Conference, 10 national congresses of CPV have been held.

1st Congress, Macau (currently China, then a Portuguese colony), 1935
2nd Congress, Tuyen Quang, 1951
3rd Congress, Hanoi, 1960
4th Congress, Hanoi, 1976
5th Congress, Hanoi, 1982
6th Congress, Hanoi, 1986
7th Congress, Hanoi, 1991
8th Congress, Hanoi, 1996
9th Congress, Hanoi, 2001
10th Congress, Hanoi, 2006

Ten people have held the First Secretary (1960-1976) and/or General Secretary (1930-1960 and 1976-Present) positions of the CPV, namely:

Tr?n Phú (1930-1931)
Lê H?ng Phong (1935-1936)
Hà Huy T?p (1936-1938)
Nguy?n Van C? (1938-1940)
Tru?ng Chinh (1941-1956 and 1986)
Lê Du?n
Lê Du?n

L? Du?n was a Vietnamese communist leader. He became North Vietnam's acting party chief in late 1956. By 1958, he was the country's top policy maker, although nominally number two behind figurehead H? Ch? Minh....
(1960-1986)
Nguy?n Van Linh (1986-1991)
Ð? Mu?i
Ð? Mu?i

?? Mu?i was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam from 1991 to 1997. Prime Minister of Vietnam ....
(1991-1997)
Lê Kh? Phiêu
Lê Kh? Phiêu

L? Kh? Phi?u was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam from December 1997 to April 2001.Mr. Phi?u is often praised for his modest and simple lifestyle and his great determination in fighting corruption in order to strengthen the Communist Party of Vietnam....
(1997-2001)
Nông Ð?c M?nh
Nông Ð?c M?nh

N?ng ??c M?nh is the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam . He has held that position since 22 April 2001 and was reappointed in April 2006....
(2001- present).

At the Sixth National Party Congress, held in December 1986, Nguyen Van Linh

Nguyen Van Linh

Nguy?n Van Linh was a political leader of the National Front for the Liberation of Vietnam during the Vietnam War. He was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam from 1986 to 1991....
was elected to be the General Secretary

Secretary General

A number of international organizations, communist parties, and other bodies use the title Secretary General or Secretary-General for their chief administrative officer....
while a Politburo of fourteen members was elected and the Central Committee was expanded to 173 members.

At the Ninth National Party Congress in 2001, Nong Duc Manh became the new Secretary-General. He was re-elected for a second term at the Tenth National Party Congress in 2006.

A Party Congress

Party Congress

A party congress is a general conference of a political party. The congress is attended by delegates who represent the party membership. In most parties the party congress is the highest decision making body of the organisation and elects the party's leadership bodies such as the National Executive Committee in the case of the British Labour...
, comprising 1,176 delegates at the Tenth Party Congress in April 2006, meets every 5 years to set the direction of the party and the government. The 160-member Central Committee, which is elected by the Party Congress, usually meets at least twice a year, with the Politburo

Politburo

Politburo, short for Political Bureau, Russian language Politicheskoye Buro, is the executive organization for a number of political parties, most notably those of Communist Party....
meeting more frequently and the Secretariat being responsible for day to day activities under the direction of the Secretary-General.

The present 14-member Politburo, elected in April 2006, determines government policy, and its eight-person Secretariat oversees day-to-day policy implementation. Although there has been some effort to discourage membership in overlapping party and state positions, this practice continues. The Party's Central Military Commission

Central Military Commission

A Central Military Commission or National Defense Commission is an organisation typical of Communist one-party states, responsible for supervising the nation's armed forces....
, which is composed of select Politburo members and additional military leaders, determines military policy.

The Party's current Politburo lineup, approved by the Central Committee in April 2006, is as follows:

Nông Ð?c M?nh
Nông Ð?c M?nh

N?ng ??c M?nh is the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam . He has held that position since 22 April 2001 and was reappointed in April 2006....
, Party's Secretary-General
Lê H?ng Anh (General), Minister of Public Security
Nguy?n Minh Tri?t
Nguy?n Minh Tri?t

Nguy?n Minh Tri?t is the President of Vietnam. He was elected by the National Assembly of Vietnam with 464 votes on June 27, 2006. He was formerly the head of the Communist Party of Vietnam in H? Ch? Minh City....
, Secretary of the Ho Chi Minh City Municipal Party Committee (now President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam)
Nguy?n T?n Dung
Nguy?n T?n Dung

Nguy?n T?n Dung is the Prime Minister of Vietnam of Vietnam. He was confirmed by the National Assembly of Vietnam on June 27, 2006, having been nominated by his predecessor, Phan Van Kh?i, who retired from office....
, Deputy Prime Minister (now Prime Minister of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam
Prime minister

A prime minister is the most senior minister of Cabinet in the Executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. The position is usually held by, but need not always be held by, a politician....
)
Truong Tan Sang, Head of the Party's Central Committee's Commission of Economic Affairs (now Standing Member of the Central Committee's Secretariat of the Party)
Nguyen Phu Trong, Secretary of the Hanoi City Municipal Party Committee (now Chairman of the National Assembly)
Ph?m Gia Khiêm
Ph?m Gia Khiêm

Ph?m Gia Khi?m is a Vietnamese politician, the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs .He was Minister of Science, Technology and Environment from November 1996 to September 1997....
, Deputy Prime Minister
Pham Quang Nghi, Minister of Culture and Information (now Secretary of Ha Noi Municipal Party Committee, replacing Tr?ng)
Nguyen Sinh Hung, Minister of Finance (now Deputy Prime Minister)
Nguyen Van Chi, Head of the Party's Central Committee's Commission of Inspection (now concurrently Secretary of the Party's Central Committee)
Ho Duc Viet, Chairman of the National Assembly’s Committee for Science, Technology and Environment (now Head of the Party's Central Committee's Commission of Organizational Affairs)
Phung Quang Thanh, Senior Lieutenant-General, Deputy Minister of Defense (now Minister of Defense)
Truong Vinh Trong, Head of the Party's Central Committee's Commission of the Interior (now Deputy Prime Minister and Secretary of the Party's Central Committee)
Le Thanh Hai, Chairman of the Ho Chi Minh City
Ho Chi Minh City

Ho Chi Minh City is the largest city in Vietnam. Under the name Prey Nokor it was the main port of Cambodia, before being annexed by the Vietnamese in the 17th century....
People’s Committee (now Secretary of Ho Chi Minh City Municipal Party Committee, replacing Tri?t)

The Party's current Secretariat has eight members as follows:

Nông Ð?c M?nh
Nông Ð?c M?nh

N?ng ??c M?nh is the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam . He has held that position since 22 April 2001 and was reappointed in April 2006....
Truong T?n Sang
Truong Vinh Tr?ng
Nguy?n Van Chi
H? Ð?c Vi?t
Lê Van Dung
Tòng Th? Phóng
Tô Huy R?a

Ideology

The Communist Party of Vietnam has claimed Marxism-Leninism and Ho Chi Minh Ideology to be ideological basis of the Party and the Revolution. Though formally Marxist-Leninist, the Communist Party of Vietnam has moved towards market reforms in the economy (see also Ð?i M?i
Ð?i m?i

Doi moi is the name given to the economic reforms initiated by in Vietnam in 1986 :24-25. As a result of ??i m?i many free-market enterprises were permitted by the Communist Party of Vietnam; furthermore, the push to collectivization the industrial and agricultural operations of Vietnam, previously the focus of intense efforts by the C...
, the Renewal launched by the Sixth Congress of the Party in 1986) and has permitted a growing mid-level private sector

Private sector

In economics, the private sector is that part of the economy which is both run for private profit and is not controlled by the state. By contrast, enterprises that are part of the state are part of the public sector; private, non-profit organizations are regarded as part of the voluntary sector....
. However, the Party retains a monopoly on power.

External links

(The People): the official party newspaper
Article recalling the party's founding in 1930. (This page does not currently load.)

Communist Party of Vietnam

History

Organization

Ideology

See also

External links