Colonia del Sacramento

Colonia Del Sacramento

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Colonia del Sacramento

Colonia del Sacramento (formerly the Portuguese Colónia do Sacramento) is a city

City

A city is an urban area with a high population density and a particular administrative, legal, or historical status.Large industrialized cities generally have advanced systems for sanitation, utilities, land usage, house, and transportation and more....
in southwestern Uruguay

Uruguay

Uruguay is a country located in the southeastern part of South America. It is home to 3.46 million people, of whom 1.7 million live in the capital Montevideo and its metropolitan area....
, by the Río de la Plata

Río de la Plata

The R?o de la Plata —often rendered in English language as the River Plate or the [La] Plata River—is the estuary formed by the combination of the Uruguay River and the Paran? River....
, facing Buenos Aires

Buenos Aires

Buenos Aires is the Capital and largest city of Argentina. It is located on the southern shore of the R?o de la Plata, on the southeastern coast of the South American continent....
, Argentina

Argentina

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic , is a country in South America, constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city....
. It is the oldest town in Uruguay and capital of the departamento
Departments of Uruguay

|||}Uruguay consists of 19 Department :# Artigas Department . Formed in 1884 from part of Salto Department. The only department to border both Argentina in the west and Brazil in the north and east....
of Colonia. It has a population of 21,714 (2004 census).

It is renowned for its historic quarter, a World Heritage Site

World Heritage Site

A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site that is on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 Sovereign state which are elected by their General Assembly for a four-year term....
. Modern Colonia del Sacramento produces textiles and has a free trade zone

Free trade zone

A free trade zone or export processing zone is one or more special areas of a country where some normal trade barriers such as tariffs and Quota share are eliminated and Bureaucracy are lowered in hopes of attracting new business and Foreign direct investment....
, in addition to a polytechnic

Institute of technology

Institute of technology, and polytechnic, are designations employed in a wide range of learning institutions awarding different types of degrees and operating often at variable levels of the educational system....
center and various government buildings.

ded in 1680 by Portugal

Portugal

Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic , is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Located in southwestern Europe, Portugal is the westernmost country of mainland Europe and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east....
as Colónia do Sacramento, the colony was later disputed by the Spanish

Spain

Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....
who settled on the opposite bank of the river at Buenos Aires.

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Encyclopedia

Colonia del Sacramento (formerly the Portuguese Colónia do Sacramento) is a city

City

Uruguay

Río de la Plata

Buenos Aires

Buenos Aires is the Capital and largest city of Argentina. It is located on the southern shore of the R?o de la Plata, on the southeastern coast of the South American continent....
, Argentina

Argentina

World Heritage Site

Free trade zone

Institute of technology

History

Founded in 1680 by Portugal

Portugal

Spain

José de Garro

Marcos Jos? de Garro Senei de Artola was a Spanish people military man who served in many positions in the colonial administration of the Spanish Empire....
in 1680, but returned to Portugal the next year. It was conquered again by the Spanish in March 1705 after a siege of five months, but given back in the Treaty of Utrecht

Treaty of Utrecht

The Treaty of Utrecht that established the Peace of Utrecht, rather than a single document, comprises a series of individual peace treaty signed in the Dutch Republic city of Utrecht in March and April 1713....
. Another attack during the Spanish-Portuguese War, 1735-1737

Spanish-Portuguese War, 1735-1737

The Spanish-Portuguese War between 1735-1737 was fought over the Banda Oriental, roughly present-day Uruguay.At that time, this part of South-America was sparsely populated and was on the border between Portuguese Colonial Brazil and the Spanish Governorate of the R?o de la Plata....
, failed.

It kept changing hands from crown to crown due to treaties such as the Treaty of Madrid

Treaty of Madrid (1750)

The Treaty of Madrid was a document signed by Ferdinand VI of Spain and John V of Portugal on January 13 1750, concerning their empires and status of their territories in what is now Brazil....
in 1750 and the Treaty of San Ildefonso

Treaty of San Ildefonso

San Ildefonso is a town in central Spain, the summer residence of the Kings of Spain, where several treaties were signed; each is referred to, in context, as the Treaty of San Ildefonso ....
in 1777, until it remained with the Spanish. It then transferred to Portuguese control again, and later to the Brazil

Brazil

Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is a country in South America. It is the List of countries and outlying territories by total area country by geographical area, occupying nearly half of South America, the List of countries by population country, and the fourth most populous democracy in the world....
ians after 1816, when the entire Banda Oriental (Uruguay) was seized by the Rio de Janeiro

Rio de Janeiro

Rio de Janeiro , is the second largest city of Brazil and South America, behind S?o Paulo, and the third largest metropolitan area in South America, behind S?o Paulo and Buenos Aires....
government and renamed the Cisplatina province

Cisplatina

The Cisplatina Province was a Brazilian province in existence from 1815 to 1828. The province was formed after the Portugal captured and subsequently annexed the territory of the Banda Oriental, which today forms the independent nation of Uruguay....
.

Now part of the independent country of Uruguay, Colonia del Sacramento has expanded to the north and east, but the original Barrio Histórico (historic quarter) retains its irregular, terrain-fitting street plan built by the Portuguese, contrasting with the wider, orthogonal calles in the newer Spanish area.

Timeline of rule

The rule from 1680 to present (with flag of the period) is:

From	To	Rule	Reason for Handover
1680	1680	Portugal	conquered by José de Garro José de Garro Marcos Jos? de Garro Senei de Artola was a Spanish people military man who served in many positions in the colonial administration of the Spanish Empire....
1680	1681	Spain	Provisional Treaty of Lisbon
1681	1705	Portugal	conquered in the War of Spanish Succession
1705	1713	Spain	Treaty of Utrecht Treaty of Utrecht The Treaty of Utrecht that established the Peace of Utrecht, rather than a single document, comprises a series of individual peace treaty signed in the Dutch Republic city of Utrecht in March and April 1713....
1714	1762	Portugal	First Cevallos expedition First Cevallos expedition The First Cevallos expedition was a military action between September 1762 and April 1763 by the Spanish led by Pedro Antonio de Cevallos against the Portuguese in South America, as part of the Seven Years' War....
1762	1763	Spain	Treaty of Paris (1763) Treaty of Paris (1763) The Treaty of Paris, often called the Peace of Paris, or the Treaty of 1763, was signed on February 10, 1763, by the kingdoms of Kingdom of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement....
1763	1777	Portugal	Second Cevallos expedition
1777	1811	Spain	Revolt led by José Gervasio Artigas José Gervasio Artigas Jos? Gervasio Artigas Arnal is a national hero of Uruguay, sometimes called "the father of Uruguayan independence"....
1811	1817	Liga Federal Liga Federal The Liga Federal or Liga de los Pueblos Libres was a small confederal state in what is now Argentina and Uruguay that was created after the break up of the Spain Viceroyalty of the R?o de la Plata....	Portuguese invasion
1817	1821	Portugal	Brazilian Declaration of Independence Brazilian Declaration of Independence The Brazilian Declaration of Independence comprised a series of political events occurred in 1821-1825, most of which involved disputes between colonial Brazil and Portugal regarding the call for independence presented by the colony....
1821	1828	Brazil	Argentina-Brazil War Argentina-Brazil War The Argentina-Brazil War was an armed conflict over an area known as History_of_Uruguay#Struggle_for_independence or "Eastern Strip" in the 1820s between the United Provinces of the R?o de la Plata and Empire of Brazil in the aftermath of the United Provinces' emancipation from Spain....
1828	present	Uruguay

Points of interest

The Barrio Histórico (historic quarter) section of Colonia del Sacramento is designated a World Heritage Site

World Heritage Site

UNESCO

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on 16 November 1945....
. It is a popular tourist attraction for visitors from Buenos Aires, and there is frequent ferry service across the Río de la Plata between the two cities, with hydrofoil

Hydrofoil

A hydrofoil is a boat with wing-like airfoils mounted on struts below the hull . As the craft increases its speed the hydrofoils develop enough lift for the boat to become foilborne - i.e....
s completing the journey in just 50 minutes. The historical section of Colonia, which has some cobblestone streets built by the Portuguese in the 17th century, is within walking distance of the ferry terminal. Among the notable visitor attractions around the tree-lined Plaza Mayor (main square) are:

Portón de Campo – the City Gate and wooden drawbridge
Lighthouse and convent ruins of the 17th century Convent of San Francisco
Basilica del Sanctísimo Sacramento – the Basilica of the Holy Sacrament, built of stone by the Portuguese in 1808
Portuguese Museum – constructed in the 18th century, it exhibits Portuguese furnishings, jewellry, uniforms and old maps of Portuguese naval expeditions
Casa de Nacarello – an 18th century Portuguese house
Municipal Museum – rebuilt by the Spanish in 1835 as the Casa del Almirante Brown, it exhibits artifacts and documents of the city's different periods and cultures
Viceroy's House – the Casa del Virrey, reconstructed from the original ruins
Iglesia Matriz – the oldest church in Uruguay, dating from 1695-99
Plaza de toros Real de San Carlos
Plaza de toros Real de San Carlos

Plaza de toros Real de San Carlos is a bull ring in Colonia del Sacramento, Uruguay. It is currently a derelict building that is crumbling down....
, a Bullring included in an old tourist complex now abandoned.

Gallery

Image:Colo do sac 1.jpg|Portón de Campo, the City Gate Image:Portón de Campo (Colonia, Uruguay).jpg|Another view of the City Gate Image:Colonia de Sacramento.jpg|Lighthouse at Colonia del Sacramento Image:ColoniaSacramento.JPG|Typical street

Transportation

Colonia del Sacramento is served by two ferry boat lines from Buenos Aires, Argentina: "Buquebus", "Seacat Colonia" and "Colonia Express".

Two principal highways terminate at Colonia: Highway #1 connects Colonia to Montevideo

Montevideo

Montevideo is the largest city, the capital and chief port of Uruguay. Montevideo is the only city in the country with a population over 1,000,000....
and points east; Highway #21 connects to points north, including the Aarón de Anchorena National Park, distant, and Fray Bentos

Fray Bentos

Fray Bentos is a town in Uruguay....
. There is also a local airport which can receive light aircraft. These is a project in planning to lengthen the runway and recommence flights to Buenos Aires (this was done in the past)and other cities within Uruguay.

External links

– photos, hosting and attractions of Colonia del Sacramento attractions