Colonia (Roman)

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Colonia (Roman)

A Roman colonia (plural coloniae) was originally a Roman

Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the Roman Republic phase of the Ancient Rome, characterised by an autocracy form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
outpost established in conquered territory to secure it. Eventually, however, the term came to denote the highest status of Roman city.

History
Rome's first colonies were established at Ostia

Ostia

Ostia may refer to:*Ostia , a modern township on the Tyrrhenian Sea coast, near Rome, Italy.*Ostia Antica, a township and port of ancient Rome...
, Antium, and Tarracina in the late fourth century B.C. In this first period of colonization, which lasted down to the end of the Punic Wars

Punic Wars

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A Roman colonia (plural coloniae) was originally a Roman

Roman Empire

History

Rome's first colonies were established at Ostia

Ostia

Punic Wars

The Punic Wars were a series of three wars fought between Ancient Rome and Carthage from 264 to 146 BC. They were probably the largest wars yet of the ancient world....
, colonies were primarily military in purpose, being intended to defend Roman territory. There were colonies of citizens and colonies of Latins, which differed in size, constitution, and region. Colonies of citizens were settled on coast and known as coloniae maritimae. These were small (three hundred families), close to Rome, and enjoyed no civic life of their own. Sherwin-White suggested that they were similar to the Athenian cleruchy

Cleruchy

A cleruchy, in Hellenic Greece, was a specialized type of Colonies in antiquity established by Classical Athens. The term comes from the Greek language word kleroukhos, literally "lot-holder"....
.

Coloniae also included towns founded by Rome to house those who held Roman citizenship. In Britain this usually meant those who had completed their military service in the Legions and were thus owed a grant of land by the state; see Marian Reforms

Marian reforms

The Marian reforms of 107 BC were a group of military reforms initiated by Gaius Marius, a statesman and general of the Roman republic....
.

Examples

Some examples are:

Modern name	Latin name	Modern country	Roman province	Foundation
Arles Arles Arles is a city in the south of France, in the Bouches-du-Rh?ne Departments of France, of which it is a Subprefectures in France, in the former Provinces of France of Provence....	Iulia Paterna Sextanoum	France France France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....	Gallia Narbonensis Gallia Narbonensis Gallia Narbonensis was a Roman province located in what is now Languedoc and Provence, in southern France. Narbonese Gaul "lay between the Alps, the Mediterranean Sea, and the C?vennes Mountains....	45 BC by Caesar Caesar Caesar or C?sar may refer to the following:...
Belgrade Belgrade Belgrade is the capital and largest city of Serbia. The city lies on international waterway, at the confluence of the Sava River and Danube rivers, where the Pannonian Plain meets the Balkan Peninsula....	Singidunum Singidunum Singidunum was an ancient Roman city, first settled by the Celts Scordisci tribe in the 3rd century BC, and later garrisoned and fortified by the Ancient Rome who romanized the name....	Serbia Serbia Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a country in Central Europe and Balkans Europe, covering the southern part of the Pannonian Plain and the central part of the Balkans....	Moesia Superior	2nd century
Colchester	Colonia Claudia Victricensis Camulodunum Camulodunum is the Ancient Rome name for the ancient settlement which is today's Colchester, a town in Essex, England. Camulodunum is the Oldest town in Britain in England as recorded by the Romans, existing as a Celtic settlement before the Ancient Rome conquest, when it became the first Roman town, and eventually a settlement of discharged...	England England native_name =\|conventional_long_name = England\|common_name = England\|image_flag = Flag of England.svg\|image_coat = England COA.svg\|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...	Britannia Britannia Britannia was the term originally used by the Roman Empire to refer to the island of Great Britain. The term was later used to describe a Roman province covering much of the island, apart from the area beyond the Antonine Wall belonging to the Picts in the north, which was known as Caledonia.... / Britannia Superior Britannia Superior Britannia Superior was one of the provinces of Roman Britain created around 197 AD by the Roman Emperor Septimus Severus immediately after winning a civil war against Clodius Albinus.... / Maxima Caesariensis Maxima Caesariensis Maxima Caesariensis was the name of one of the four provinces of later Roman Britain . Its capital was Londinium and probably encompassed what is now south east England....	49, by Claudius Claudius Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus or Claudius I was the fourth Roman Emperor, a member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, ruling from January 24, AD 41 to his death in AD 54....
Cologne Cologne Cologne is Germany's fourth-largest city , and is the largest city both in the German Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia and within the Rhine-Ruhr, one of the major European metropolitan areas with more than ten million inhabitants....	Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensis Cologne Cologne is Germany's fourth-largest city , and is the largest city both in the German Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia and within the Rhine-Ruhr, one of the major European metropolitan areas with more than ten million inhabitants....	Germany Germany Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....	Germania Inferior Germania Inferior Germania Inferior was a Ancient Rome Roman provinces located on the left bank of the Rhine, in today's southern and western Netherlands, parts of Flanders, and North Rhine-Westphalia left of the Rhine....	50
Jerusalem Jerusalem Jerusalem is the capital of Israel and its List of Israeli cities in both population and area, with a population of 747,600 residents over an area of if Positions on Jerusalem East Jerusalem is included.... (on the site of)	Colonia Aelia Capitolina Aelia Capitolina *Aelia Capitolina* was a city built by the emperor Hadrian, and occupied by a Roman colony, on the site of Jerusalem, which was still in ruins from the First Jewish-Roman War in 70 A.D.....	Israel Israel Israel officially the State of Israel , is a country in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area....	Judaea Iudaea Province Iudaea was a Roman province that extended over the former region of the Hasmonean and Herodian kingdoms of Israel. It was named after the tetrarchy of Judea of which it was an expansion, the latter name deriving from the Kingdom of Judah of the 6th century BCE....	After Bar Kokhba's revolt Bar Kokhba's revolt The Bar Kokhba revolt against the Roman Empire was a second major rebellion by the Jews of Iudaea Province and the last of the Jewish-Roman Wars.... , by Hadrian Hadrian Publius Aelius Hadrianus , as emperor Imperator Caesar Divi Traiani filius Traianus Hadrianus Augustus, and Divus Hadrianus after his apotheosis, known as Hadrian in English language, was Roman Emperor of Roman Empire from AD 117 to 138, as well as a Stoicism and Epicureanism philosopher....
Lincoln	Lindum Colonia Lindum Colonia Lindum Colonia was a town in the Roman province of Britannia. Today it is known as Lincoln, Lincolnshire, located in the England county of Lincolnshire.... or Colonia Domitiana Lindensium	England	Britannia Britannia Britannia was the term originally used by the Roman Empire to refer to the island of Great Britain. The term was later used to describe a Roman province covering much of the island, apart from the area beyond the Antonine Wall belonging to the Picts in the north, which was known as Caledonia.... / Britannia Inferior Britannia Inferior Britannia Inferior was a subdivision of the Roman Empire province of Britannia established c.214 by the emperor Caracalla, son of Septimius Severus.... / Flavia Caesariensis Flavia Caesariensis Flavia Caesariensis was one of the provinces of Roman Britain.It was created in the early 4th century under the reforms of Diocletian and it has been suggested that its capital may have been at Lincoln, Lincolnshire ....	71, by Domitian Domitian Titus Flavius Domitianus , commonly known as Domitian, was a Roman Emperor who reigned from 14 September 81 until his death. Domitian was the last emperor of the Flavian dynasty, which ruled the Roman Empire between 69 and 96, encompassing the reigns of Domitian's father Vespasian , his elder brother Titus , and that of Domitian himself...
Narbo Martius Narbonne Narbonne is a commune in France in southern France in the Languedoc-Roussillon r?gion in France. It lies from Paris in the Aude d?partement in France, of which it is a sous-pr?fecture....	colonia Martia Iulia Paterna Decimanorum	France	Gallia Gallia Gallia is the name of:Gaul , the region of Western Europe occupied by present-day France, Belgium and other neighbouring countries.Gallia County, Ohio, a county in southern Ohio in the United States of America.... / Gallia Narbonensis Gallia Narbonensis Gallia Narbonensis was a Roman province located in what is now Languedoc and Provence, in southern France. Narbonese Gaul "lay between the Alps, the Mediterranean Sea, and the C?vennes Mountains....	118 BC by Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus was the son and only child of consul Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus and Aemilia Lepida. His mother was a paternal relative to the triumvir Marcus Aemilius Lepidus .... ; refounded by Caesar in 45 BC
Patras Patras Patras is Greece's third largest urban centre and the capital of the prefecture of Achaea, located in northern Peloponnese, 215 kilometers west of Athens....	Colonia Augusta Achaica Patrensis	Greece Greece Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , is a country in southeastern Europe, situated on the southern end of the Balkans. It has borders with Albania, Bulgaria and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia to the north, and Turkey to the east....	Achaia	After the battle of Actium Battle of Actium The Battle of Actium was the final engagement in the Final War of the Roman Republic. It was fought between the forces of Augustus and the combined forces of Mark Antony and Cleopatra VII.... by Augustus
Sétif Sétif S?tif is a town in northeastern Algeria. It is the Capital of S?tif Province and it has a population of 239,195 inhabitants as of the 1998 census....	Sitifis Colonia	Algeria Algeria Algeria , officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country located in North Africa. It is the largest country of the Mediterranean sea, second largest in the Arab World, and the second largest on the African continent and the eleventh-largest country in the world in terms of land area....	Mauretania Sitifensis Mauretania In Antiquity, Mauretania was originally an independent Berber people monarchy on the Mediterranean coast of north Africa , corresponding to western Algeria, northern Morocco and Spain Plazas de soberan?a....	1st century
York York York is a walled city, sited at the confluence of the rivers River Ouse, Yorkshire and River Foss in North Yorkshire, England. The city status in the United Kingdom is noted for its rich heritage and it has played an important role throughout much of its almost 2,000 year existence....	Eboracum Eboracum Eboracum was a castra and city in Roman Britain. Today it is known as York, located in North Yorkshire, England....	England England native_name =\|conventional_long_name = England\|common_name = England\|image_flag = Flag of England.svg\|image_coat = England COA.svg\|symbol_type = Royal Coat of Arms...	Britannia Britannia Britannia was the term originally used by the Roman Empire to refer to the island of Great Britain. The term was later used to describe a Roman province covering much of the island, apart from the area beyond the Antonine Wall belonging to the Picts in the north, which was known as Caledonia.... / Britannia Inferior Britannia Inferior Britannia Inferior was a subdivision of the Roman Empire province of Britannia established c.214 by the emperor Caracalla, son of Septimius Severus.... / Britannia Secunda Britannia Secunda Britannia Secunda was one of the provinces of Roman Britain in existence by c. 312 AD and probably created as part of the administrative reforms of the Roman Emperor Diocletian after the defeat of the usurper Allectus by Constantius Chlorus in 296 AD....	? Caracalla Caracalla Caracalla , born Lucius Septimius Bassianus and later called Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and Marcus Aurelius Severus Antoninus, was the eldest son of Septimius Severus and Roman Emperor from 211 – 217....
Mérida Mérida, Spain M?rida is the capital of the autonomous communities in Spain of Extremadura, Spain. It has a population of 55,568 ....	Emerita Augusta	Spain Spain Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....	Hispania Hispania Hispania was the name given by the Ancient Rome to the whole of the Iberian Peninsula . When Rome was a Roman Republic, Hispania was divided into Roman provinces: Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior.... / Lusitania Lusitania Lusitania was an ancient Ancient Rome Roman province including approximately all of modern Portugal south of the Douro river, and part of modern Spain ....	25BC by Emperor Augustus for war veterans of V Alaudae Legio V Alaudae Legio quinta Alaudae sometimes known as Gallica, was levied by Julius Caesar in 52 BC from native Gauls. Their emblem was an elephant, and their cognomen Alaudae came from the high crest on their helmets, typical of the Gauls, which made them look like larks.... and X Gemina Legio X Gemina Legio decima Gemina , was one of the four legions used by Julius Caesar in 58 BC, for his invasion of Gaul. There are still records of the X Gemina in Vienna in the beginning of the 5th century.... legions.

Colonia (Roman)

History

Examples

See also

Further reading