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Cohesin
 
 
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Cohesin is the protein
Protein

Proteins are organic compounds made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of adjacent amino acid Residue ....
 complex responsible for binding the sister chromatids during synthesis
Synthesis

The term synthesis is used in many fields, usually to mean a process which combines together two or more pre-existing elements resulting in the formation of something new....
 through the G2 phase
G2 phase

G2 phase is the third, final, and usually the shortest subphase during interphase within the cell cycle in which the cell undergoes a period of rapid growth to prepare for mitosis....
 and into mitosis phase. It is a multi-subunit complex which contains four core subunits: Smc1 and Smc3, which are members of the structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) protein family, and two non-SMC subunits, Scc1 (also called Mcd1) which is a member of the kleisin family, and Scc3.






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Cohesin is the protein
Protein

Proteins are organic compounds made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of adjacent amino acid Residue ....
 complex responsible for binding the sister chromatids during synthesis
Synthesis

The term synthesis is used in many fields, usually to mean a process which combines together two or more pre-existing elements resulting in the formation of something new....
 through the G2 phase
G2 phase

G2 phase is the third, final, and usually the shortest subphase during interphase within the cell cycle in which the cell undergoes a period of rapid growth to prepare for mitosis....
 and into mitosis phase. It is a multi-subunit complex which contains four core subunits: Smc1 and Smc3, which are members of the structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) protein family, and two non-SMC subunits, Scc1 (also called Mcd1) which is a member of the kleisin family, and Scc3. At metaphase
Metaphase

Metaphase, from the ancient Greek ?et? and f?s?? , is a stage of mitosis in the Eukaryote cell cycle in which condensed chromosomes, carrying DNA sequence, align in the middle of the cell before being separated into each of the two daughter cells....
, most cohesin is removed, except for some at the centromere
Centromere

A centromere is a region of DNA typically found near the middle of a chromosome where two sister chromatids come in contact. It is involved in cell division as the point of mitotic spindle....
. At Anaphase
Anaphase

Anaphase, is from the ancient Greek ??? and f?s?? , is the stage of mitosis when chromosomes separate in a eukaryote cell . Each chromatid moves to opposite poles of the cell, the opposite ends of the mitotic spindle, near the microtubule organizing centers....
, securin
Securin

Securin is a protein involved in anaphase triggering. It has two identified roles; the first one is to help the transport of separase to the Cell nucleus and the second role is to inhibit the catalytic activity of separase....
, an inhibitory subunit of separase
Separase

Separase is a cysteine protease responsible for triggering anaphase by hydrolysing cohesin which is the protein responsible for binding sister chromatids during metaphase....
, is hydrolyzed. Separase hydrolyzes the remaining cohesin. In a classical experiment by covalently linking Cohesin's subunits which form a tripartite ring structure, Scc1, Smc1 and Smc3, it was demonstrated that that cohesin rings concatenate individual sister minichromosome DNA molecules, however more recently cohesin rings were found to dimerise, with two rings held together by the Scc3 subunit in a handcuff shape, one strand of DNA in each cohesin ring.

See also

  • SMC protein
    SMC protein

    SMC proteins represent a large family of ATPases that participate in many aspects of higher-order chromosome organization and dynamics. SMC stands for Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes....
  • Cornelia de Lange Syndrome
    Cornelia de Lange Syndrome

    Cornelia de Lange Syndrome aka CdLS is a little known genetic disorder that can lead to severe developmental anomalies. It affects both the physical and intellectual development of a child....


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