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Cnemidophorus
 
 
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Cnemidophorus is a genus
Genus

A genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the classification of living and fossil organisms. The taxonomic ranks are domain , kingdom , phylum, class , order , family , genus, and species....
 of lizard
Lizard

Lizards are a large and widespread group of squamate reptiles, with nearly 5,000 species, ranging across all continents except Antarctica as well as most oceanic island chains....
s which belong to the family
Family (biology)

In biological classification, family is a taxonomic rank. Exact details of formal nomenclature depend on the Nomenclature Codes which applies....
 of Teiidae
Teiidae

Teiidae is a family of lizards native to the New World, generally known as whiptails. The group includes the parthenogenic genera Cnemidophorus and Aspidoscelis, and the non-parthenogenic Tupinambis....
, which are commonly referred to as Whiptail Lizards or Racerunners. Note that the nomenclature
Binomial nomenclature

In biology, binomial nomenclature is the formal system of naming species. The system is called binominal nomenclature , binary nomenclature , or the binomial classification system....
 for this genus has recently been re-examined by T. W. Reeder et al. in 2002. Many species that were Cnemidophorus
Cnemidophorus

Cnemidophorus is a genus of lizards which belong to the family of Teiidae, which are commonly referred to as Whiptail Lizards or Racerunners....
 should now likely be considered Aspidoscelis
Aspidoscelis

Aspidoscelis is a genus of whiptail lizards, from the family Teiidae. The Binomial nomenclature for this genus has recently been published by T....
 based upon divergent characters between the two groups.

ome of the Cnemidophorus species
Species

In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring....
, there are no males, and they reproduce through parthenogenesis
Parthenogenesis

Parthenogenesis is an asexual form of reproduction found in females where growth and development of embryos or seeds occurs without fertilization by a male....
.






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Cnemidophorus is a genus
Genus

A genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the classification of living and fossil organisms. The taxonomic ranks are domain , kingdom , phylum, class , order , family , genus, and species....
 of lizard
Lizard

Lizards are a large and widespread group of squamate reptiles, with nearly 5,000 species, ranging across all continents except Antarctica as well as most oceanic island chains....
s which belong to the family
Family (biology)

In biological classification, family is a taxonomic rank. Exact details of formal nomenclature depend on the Nomenclature Codes which applies....
 of Teiidae
Teiidae

Teiidae is a family of lizards native to the New World, generally known as whiptails. The group includes the parthenogenic genera Cnemidophorus and Aspidoscelis, and the non-parthenogenic Tupinambis....
, which are commonly referred to as Whiptail Lizards or Racerunners. Note that the nomenclature
Binomial nomenclature

In biology, binomial nomenclature is the formal system of naming species. The system is called binominal nomenclature , binary nomenclature , or the binomial classification system....
 for this genus has recently been re-examined by T. W. Reeder et al. in 2002. Many species that were Cnemidophorus
Cnemidophorus

Cnemidophorus is a genus of lizards which belong to the family of Teiidae, which are commonly referred to as Whiptail Lizards or Racerunners....
 should now likely be considered Aspidoscelis
Aspidoscelis

Aspidoscelis is a genus of whiptail lizards, from the family Teiidae. The Binomial nomenclature for this genus has recently been published by T....
 based upon divergent characters between the two groups.

Parthenogenesis

In some of the Cnemidophorus species
Species

In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring....
, there are no males, and they reproduce through parthenogenesis
Parthenogenesis

Parthenogenesis is an asexual form of reproduction found in females where growth and development of embryos or seeds occurs without fertilization by a male....
. This is well-known in bee
Bee

Bees are flying insects closely related to wasps and ants. Bees are a monophyly lineage within the superfamily Apoidea, presently classified by the unranked taxon name Anthophila....
s and aphids, but is very rare in vertebrate
Vertebrate

Vertebrates are members of the subphylum Vertebrata, chordates with Vertebras or Vertebral columns. The grouping sometimes includes the hagfish, which have no vertebrae, but are genetically quite closely related to lampreys, which do have vertebrae....
s. Those species without males are now known to originate through hybridization, or interspecific breeding. Occasionally, a mating between a female of one species and a male of another produces a parthenogen, a female that is able to produce viable eggs that are genetically identical to her own cells. The lizards that hatch from these eggs are thus also parthenogens that can again produce identical eggs, resulting in an asexual, clonal population. Parthenogenetic species resulting from a single hybridization are diploid (that is, they have two sets of chromosomes just as sexual species do), but sometimes these females mate with other males, producing offspring which are triploid (that is, they have three sets of chromosomes, or 50% more than equivalent sexual species; see polyploidy
Polyploidy

Polyploidy occurs in biological cell and organisms when there are more than two Homologous Chromosomes sets of chromosomes.Polyploidy is a state different from most organisms which are normally diploid meaning they have only two sets of chromosomes - one set inherited from each parent; polyploidy may occur due to abnormal cell division....
). Over 30% of the Cnemidophorus genus are parthenogenic.

Species

  • Cnemidophorus angusticeps
  • Cnemidophorus arenivagus
  • Cnemidophorus arizonae
  • Cnemidophorus arubensis
  • Cnemidophorus burti
  • Cnemidophorus calidipes
  • Cnemidophorus ceralbensis
  • Cnemidophorus communis
  • Cnemidophorus costatus
  • Cnemidophorus cozumelae
  • Cnemidophorus cryptus
  • Cnemidophorus deppei
  • Cnemidophorus dixoni
    Cnemidophorus dixoni

    The Gray Checkered Whiptail is a species of lizard native to the United States in southern New Mexico and western Texas, and northern Mexico. It was once considered a subspecies of the Common Checkered Whiptail, Cnemidophorus tesselatus, but was later granted full species status....
  • Cnemidophorus exsanguis
    Cnemidophorus exsanguis

    The Chihuahuan Spotted Whiptail is a species of lizard native to the United States in southern Arizona, southern New Mexico and southwestern Texas, and northern Mexico in northern Chihuahua and northern Sonora....
  • Cnemidophorus flagellicaudus
  • Cnemidophorus gramivagus
  • Cnemidophorus gularis
    Cnemidophorus gularis

    The Texas Spotted Whiptail is a species of long-tailed lizard native to the southern United States, in Texas, New Mexico, and Oklahoma, and northern Mexico in Coahuila, Nuevo Le?n, Tamaulipas, San Luis Potos?, Quer?taro, and Veracruz....
  • Cnemidophorus guttatus
  • Cnemidophorus gypsi
  • Cnemidophorus hyperythrus
  • Cnemidophorus inornatus
    Cnemidophorus inornatus

    The Little Striped Whiptail is a species of lizard found in the United States, in Arizona, New Mexico and Texas, and in northern Mexico in Chihuahua , Coahuila, Durango, Zacatecas, San Luis Potos?, and Nuevo Le?n....
  • Cnemidophorus labialis
  • Cnemidophorus lacertoides
  • Cnemidophorus laredoensis
    Cnemidophorus laredoensis

    The Laredo Striped Whiptail is a species of lizard found in the southern United States, in Texas, and northern Mexico in Coahuila and Tamaulipas....
  • Cnemidophorus leachei
  • Cnemidophorus lemniscatus
  • Cnemidophorus lineattissimus
  • Cnemidophorus littoralis
  • Cnemidophorus longicaudus
  • Cnemidophorus marmoratus
    Cnemidophorus marmoratus

    The Marbled Whiptail is a species of lizard found in the United States, in southern New Mexico and Texas, and in northern Mexico, in Coahuila, Chihuahua and Durango....
  • Cnemidophorus martyris
  • Cnemidophorus maximus
  • Cnemidophorus mexicanus
  • Cnemidophorus motaguae
  • Cnemidophorus murinus
  • Cnemidophorus nativo
  • Cnemidophorus neomexicanus
    Cnemidophorus neomexicanus

    The New Mexico Whiptail is a species of lizard found in the southern United States in New Mexico and Arizona, and in northern Mexico in Chihuahua ....
  • Cnemidophorus neotesselatus
  • Cnemidophorus nigricolor
  • Cnemidophorus ocellifer
  • Cnemidophorus opatae
  • Cnemidophorus pai
  • Cnemidophorus parecis
  • Cnemidophorus parvisocius
  • Cnemidophorus pseudolemniscatus
  • Cnemidophorus rodecki
  • Cnemidophorus sackii
  • Cnemidophorus scalaris
  • Cnemidophorus septemvittatus
    Cnemidophorus septemvittatus

    The Plateau Spotted Whiptail is a species of lizard found in the southern United States in Texas, and in northern Mexico in Chihuahua and Coahuila....
  • Cnemidophorus serranus
  • Cnemidophorus sexlineatus
    Cnemidophorus sexlineatus

    The Six-lined Racerunner is a species of lizard found in the United States, from Wyoming across the Great Plains east to Rhode Island, south to Florida and west to southern Texas, and in northern Mexico, in Tamaulipas....
  • Cnemidophorus sonorae
  • Cnemidophorus tesselatus
    Cnemidophorus tesselatus

    The Checkered Whiptail is a species of lizard found in the southwestern United States in Colorado, Texas and New Mexico, and in northern Mexico in Chihuahua and Coahuila....
  • Cnemidophorus tigris
    Cnemidophorus tigris

    The western whiptail This lizard is noted for same-sex reproduction.An excellent, well-documented site for information on this and other American species, is http://www.natureserve.org, and the specific home page for the species, is http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Cnemidophorus+tigris ....
  • Cnemidophorus uniparens
    Desert Grassland Whiptail Lizard

    The Desert Grassland Whiptail lizard is an all-female species. These reptiles reproduce by parthenogenesis; Egg undergo a chromosome doubling after meiosis and develop into lizards without being Fertilization....
  • Cnemidophorus vacariensis
  • Cnemidophorus vanzoi
  • Cnemidophorus velox


See also

  • Aspidoscelis
    Aspidoscelis

    Aspidoscelis is a genus of whiptail lizards, from the family Teiidae. The Binomial nomenclature for this genus has recently been published by T....