Clymeniida
Encyclopedia
The Clymeniida constitute a unique order of ammonoid cephalods from the Upper Devonian characterized by having an unusual dorsal siphuncle
. They measured about 4 cm in diameter and are restricted to Europe
, North Africa
, and possibly Australia
.
The siphuncle starts off ventrally, like that in other ammonoids, but after the first few septa migrates to a definite and stable dorsal position. Septal necks are retrosiphonate, characteristic of their nautlloid ancestors, and are commonly very long, forming an almost continuous siphunclular tube. Septa, characteristic of ammonoids, are convex toward the front.
included three superfamilies in the Clymeniida, the Gonioclymeniaceae, Clymeniaceae, and Parawocklumeriaceae. The Gonoclymeniaceae unites five families, the Clymeniaceae three. The Parawocklumeraceae was established for a single family, the Parawocklumeriidae.
Saunders, Work, and Nikoleava, 1999, divided the Clymeniida into two suborders, the Gonioclymeniina and the Clymeniina. The Gonioclymeniina includes the Sellaclymeniaceae with 7 families and 20 genera, the Gonioclyemniacea, containing a single family with six genera, and the Parawocklumeraceae, also containing a single family, but with only three genera. The Clymeniina combines five families with a total of 36 genera into a single superfamily, the Clymeniaceae.
GONIAT Website gives two suborders which fall into the Clymeniida. They are the Clymeniina with four superfamilies and Gonioclymeniina , established for a single superfamily. In contrast, Dieter Korn
, 2006 divided the Clymeniida in to the Clymeniina with superfamilies and families, and Cyrtoclymenia, named by him in 2002. with superfamilies and families. Shevyrev, 2006 on the other hand diveded the Clymeniida into the Clymeniina and Gonioclymeniina, as with GONIAT and Saunders, Work, and Nikolaeva
Siphuncle
The siphuncle is a strand of tissue passing longitudinally through the shell of a cephalopod mollusk. Only cephalopods with chambered shells have siphuncles, such as the extinct ammonites and belemnites, and the living nautiluses, cuttlefish, and Spirula...
. They measured about 4 cm in diameter and are restricted to Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
, North Africa
North Africa
North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of the African continent, linked by the Sahara to Sub-Saharan Africa. Geopolitically, the United Nations definition of Northern Africa includes eight countries or territories; Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, South Sudan, Sudan, Tunisia, and...
, and possibly Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
.
Morphologic characteristics
Clymeniids produced a variety of shells ranging from smooth to ribbed and spinose and from evolute with all whorls exposed to strongly involute with the last whorl covering the previous. Some were even triangular as viewed from the side (along the axis of coiling). With the exception of the first few chambers, all have a siphuncle that runs along the dorsal margin, along the inside of the coils, opposite that of most ammonoids.The siphuncle starts off ventrally, like that in other ammonoids, but after the first few septa migrates to a definite and stable dorsal position. Septal necks are retrosiphonate, characteristic of their nautlloid ancestors, and are commonly very long, forming an almost continuous siphunclular tube. Septa, characteristic of ammonoids, are convex toward the front.
Classification
Miller, Furnish, and Schindewolf, 1957, in Part L of the TreatiseTreatise on Invertebrate Paleontology
The Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology published by the Geological Society of America and the University of Kansas Press, is a definitive multi-authored work of some 50 volumes, written by more than 300 paleontologists, and covering every phylum, class, order, family, and genus of fossil and...
included three superfamilies in the Clymeniida, the Gonioclymeniaceae, Clymeniaceae, and Parawocklumeriaceae. The Gonoclymeniaceae unites five families, the Clymeniaceae three. The Parawocklumeraceae was established for a single family, the Parawocklumeriidae.
Saunders, Work, and Nikoleava, 1999, divided the Clymeniida into two suborders, the Gonioclymeniina and the Clymeniina. The Gonioclymeniina includes the Sellaclymeniaceae with 7 families and 20 genera, the Gonioclyemniacea, containing a single family with six genera, and the Parawocklumeraceae, also containing a single family, but with only three genera. The Clymeniina combines five families with a total of 36 genera into a single superfamily, the Clymeniaceae.
GONIAT Website gives two suborders which fall into the Clymeniida. They are the Clymeniina with four superfamilies and Gonioclymeniina , established for a single superfamily. In contrast, Dieter Korn
Dieter Korn
Dr. Dieter Korn is a German scientist and paleontologist specializing in research on ammonites and goniatites. He received his Ph.D. in 1996 from the University of Tübingen and is employed by the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, Germany, in the Leibniz Institute for Research on Evolution and...
, 2006 divided the Clymeniida in to the Clymeniina with superfamilies and families, and Cyrtoclymenia, named by him in 2002. with superfamilies and families. Shevyrev, 2006 on the other hand diveded the Clymeniida into the Clymeniina and Gonioclymeniina, as with GONIAT and Saunders, Work, and Nikolaeva
Taxonomy
Clymeniida- Suborder Clymeniina HyattAlpheus HyattAlpheus Hyatt was an American zoologist and palaeontologist.- Biography :Alpheus Hyatt II was born in Washington, D.C. to Alpheus Hyatt and Harriet Randolph Hyatt...
, 1884- Superfamily Clymeniaceae Edwards, 1849
- Family Clymeniidae Edwards, 1849
- Genus Aktuboclymenia Bogoslovsky, 1979
- Genus ClymeniaClymeniaClymenia is a genus in the ammonoid order Clymeniida, restricted to the Upper Devonian, characterized as with all clymeniids by a dorsal siphuncle that runs along the inside of the whorls, unusual for ammonoids....
Münster, 1834
- Family Kosmoclymeniidae KornDieter KornDr. Dieter Korn is a German scientist and paleontologist specializing in research on ammonites and goniatites. He received his Ph.D. in 1996 from the University of Tübingen and is employed by the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, Germany, in the Leibniz Institute for Research on Evolution and...
and Price, 1987-
- Subfamily Kosmoclymeniinae Korn and Price, 1987
- Genus Kosmoclymenia Schindewolf, 1949
- Genus Linguaclymenia Korn and Price, 1987
- Genus Lissoclymenia Korn and Price, 1987
- Genus Muessenbiaergia Korn and Price, 1987
- Subfamily Rodeckiinae Korn 2002
- Genus Franconiclymenia Korn and Price, 1987
- Genus Protoxyclymenia Schindewolf, 1923
- Genus Rodeckia Korn, 2002
- Subfamily Kosmoclymeniinae Korn and Price, 1987
-
- Family Clymeniidae Edwards, 1849
- Superfamily Gonioclymeniaceae Hyatt, 1884
- Family Costaclymeniidae Ruzhencev, 1957
- Genus Costaclymenia Schindewolf, 1920
- Genus Endosiphonites Ansted, 1838
- Family Gonioclymeniidae Hyatt, 1884
- Genus Finiclymenia Price and Korn 1989
- Genus Gonioclymenia Sepkoski, Jr., 2002
- Genus Kalloclymenia Wedekind, 1914
- Genus Leviclymenia Korn, 2002
- Genus Mesoclymenia Bogoslovsky, 1981
- Family Sellaclymeniidae Schindewolf, 1923
- Genus Sellaclymenia Sepkoski, Jr., 2002
- Family Sphenoclymeniidae Korn, 1992
- Genus Medioclymenia Korn, 2002
- Genus Sphenoclymenia Schindewolf, 1920
- Family Costaclymeniidae Ruzhencev, 1957
- Superfamily Platyclymeniaceae WedekindWedekindThis name may refer to the following persons:*Frank Wedekind - German playwright*Claus Wedekind - biological researcher*Hermann Wedekind - artistic director*Michael Wedekind - director...
, 1914- Family Glatziellidae Schindewolf, 1928
- Genus Glatziella Renz, 1914
- Genus Liroclymenia Czarnocki, 1989
- Genus Postglatziella Schindewolf, 1937
- Genus SoliclymeniaSoliclymeniaSoliclymenia is a genus of ammonite from the Late Devonian. S. paradoxa has an unusual, triangularly-coiled shell. Additional genera of ammonites with triangular shells are Kamptoclymenia, Trigonoshumardites, and Trigonogastrioceras. Soliclymenia semiparadoxa, which is known only from the...
Schindewolf, 1937
- Family Piriclymeniidae Korn, 1992
- Genus Ornatoclymenia Bogoslovsky, 1979
- Genus Piriclymenia Schindewolf, 1937
- Genus Sulcoclymenia Schindewolf, 1923
- Family Platyclymeniidae Wedekind, 1914
-
- Subfamily Nodosoclymeniinae Korn, 2002
- Genus Czarnoclymenia Korn, 1999
- Genus Nodosoclymenia Czarnocki, 1989
- Genus Stenoclymenia Lange, 1929
- Subfamily Platyclymeniinae Wedekind, 1914
- Genus Fasciclymenia Korn and Price, 1987
- Genus Platyclymenia Sepkoski, Jr., 2002
- Genus Progonioclymenia Schindewolf, 1937
- Genus Spinoclymenia Bogoslovsky, 1962
- Genus Trigonoclymenia Schindewolf, 1934
- Genus Varioclymenia Wedekind, 1908
- Subfamily Pleuroclymeniinae Korn, 2002
- Genus Borisiclymenia Korn, 2002
- Genus Nanoclymenia Korn, 2002
- Genus Pleuroclymenia Schindewolf, 1934
- Genus Trochoclymenia Schindewolf, 1926
- Subfamily Nodosoclymeniinae Korn, 2002
-
- Family Glatziellidae Schindewolf, 1928
- Superfamily Wocklumeriaceae Schindewolf, 1937
- Family Parawocklumeriidae Schindewolf, 1937
- Genus Kamptoclymenia Schindewolf, 1937
- Genus Parawocklumeria Schindewolf, 1926
- Genus Tardewocklumeria Becker, 2000
- Genus Triaclymenia Schindewolf, 1937
- Family Wocklumeriidae Schindewolf, 1937
- Genus Epiwocklumeria Schindewolf, 1937
- Genus Kielcensia Czarnocki, 1989
- Genus Synwocklumeria Librovitch, 1957
- Genus Wocklumeria Wedekind, 1918
- Family Parawocklumeriidae Schindewolf, 1937
- Superfamily Clymeniaceae Edwards, 1849
- Suborder Cyrtoclymeniina Korn, 2002
- Superfamily Biloclymeniaceae Bogoslovsky, 1955
- Family Biloclymeniidae Bogoslovsky, 1955
- Genus BiloclymeniaBiloclymeniaBiloclymenia is a genus in the ammonoid order Clymeniida which is characterized by a dorsal retrosiphonitic siphuncle with long adapically pointing septal necks....
Schindewolf, 1923 - Genus Dimeroclymenia Czarnocki, 1989
- Genus Kiaclymenia Bogoslovsky, 1965
- Genus Rhiphaeoclymenia Bogoslovsky, 1965
- Genus Biloclymenia
- Family Pachyclymeniidae Korn, 1992
- Genus Pachyclymenia Schindewolf, 1937
- Genus UraloclymeniaUraloclymeniaUraloclymenia is an extinct ammonoid cephalopod genus from the Late Devonian, Famennian stage. The type species is Uraloclymenia volkovi Bogoslovskii, 1977...
Bogoslovsky, 1977
- Family Biloclymeniidae Bogoslovsky, 1955
- Superfamily Cyrtoclymeniaceae Hyatt, 1884
- Family Carinoclymeniidae Bogoslovsky, 1975
- Genus Acriclymenia Bogoslovsky, 1975
- Genus Carinoclymenia Bogoslovsky, 1965
- Genus Karaclymenia Bogoslovsky, 1983
- Genus Pinacoclymenia Bogoslovsky, 1975
- Family Cymaclymeniidae Hyatt 1884
-
- Subfamily Cymaclymeniinae Hyatt, 1884
- Genus Cymaclymenia Sepkoski, Jr., 2002
- Genus Laganoclymenia Bogoslovsky, 1979
- Genus Procymaclymenia Korn, 2002
- Genus Rodachia Korn, 2002
- Subfamily Genuclymeniinae Korn, 2002
- Genus Flexiclymenia Czarnocki, 1989
- Genus Genuclymenia Wedekind, 1908
- Genus Siekluckia Czarnocki, 1989
- Subfamily Cymaclymeniinae Hyatt, 1884
-
- Family Cyrtoclymeniidae Hyatt, 1884
- Genus Cyrtoclymenia Sepkoski, Jr., 2002
- Genus Hexaclymenia Schindewolf, 1923
- Genus Praeflexiclymenia Czarnocki, 1989
- Genus Pricella Korn, 1991
- Genus Protactoclymenia Wedekind, 1908
- Family Rectoclymeniidae Schindewolf, 1923
- Genus Cteroclymenia Bogoslovsky, 1979
- Genus Falciclymenia Schindewolf, 1923
- Genus Karadzharia Korn, 2002
- Genus Rectoclymenia Wedekind, 1908
- Family Carinoclymeniidae Bogoslovsky, 1975
- Superfamily Biloclymeniaceae Bogoslovsky, 1955
- Suborder Incertae sedisIncertae sedis, is a term used to define a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Uncertainty at specific taxonomic levels is attributed by , , and similar terms.-Examples:*The fossil plant Paradinandra suecica could not be assigned to any...
- Genus Borkinia
- Genus Gyroclymenia
- Genus Kazakhoclymenia
- Genus Miroclymenia
- Genus Schizoclymenia