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Close central rounded vowel

 

 
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Close central rounded vowel
 
 
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The close central rounded vowel is a type of vowel
Vowel

In phonetics, a vowel is a sound in spoken language, such as English ah! or oh! , pronounced with an open vocal tract so that there is no build-up of air pressure at any point above the glottis....
 sound used in some spoken language
Language

A language is a form of symbol communication in which elements are combined to represents something other than themselves. Language can also refer to the use of such systems as a general phenomenon....
s. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet
International Phonetic Alphabet

The International Phonetic Alphabet "The acronym 'IPA' strictly refers [...] to the 'International Phonetic Association'. But it is now such a common practice to use the acronym also to refer to the alphabet itself that resistance seems pedantic....
 that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA
X-SAMPA

The Extended Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet is a variant of SAMPA developed in 1995 by John C. Wells, professor of phonetics at the University of London....
 symbol is }. The IPA symbol is the letter u with a horizontal bar. Both the symbol and the sound are commonly referred to as "barred-u".

In most languages this vowel is exolabial
Roundedness

In phonetics, vowel roundedness refers to the amount of rounding in the lips during the articulation of a vowel. That is, it is vocalic labialization....
 (with pursed lips). However, in a few cases it is endolabial (compressed).

There is also a near-close central rounded vowel
Near-close central rounded vowel

The near-close central rounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The International Phonetic Alphabet can represent this sound as or ....
 in some languages.


le class="wikitable">
Language Word IPA
International Phonetic Alphabet

The International Phonetic Alphabet "The acronym 'IPA' strictly refers [...] to the 'International Phonetic Association'. But it is now such a common practice to use the acronym also to refer to the alphabet itself that resistance seems pedantic....
 Meaning Notes
English
English language

English is a West Germanic language that originated in Anglo-Saxon England and has lingua franca status in many parts of the world as a result of the military, economic, scientific, political and cultural influence of the British Empire in the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries and that of the United States from the mid 20th century onwa...
 		 Australian
Australian English

Australian English is the form of the English language spoken in Australia....
 		 'boot' See Australian English phonology
Australian English phonology

Australian English is a Rhotic and non-rhotic accents variety of English language spoken by most native-born Australians. Phonologically, it is one of the most regionally homogeneous language varieties in the world....
New Zealand
New Zealand English

New Zealand English is the form of the English language used in New Zealand.The English language was established in New Zealand by colonists during the 19th century....
 		 
Cockney
Cockney

The term Cockney has both geographical and linguistic associations. Geographically and culturally, it often refers to working class Londoners, particularly those in the East End of London....
 		 corresponds to in other dialects.






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The close central rounded vowel is a type of vowel
Vowel

In phonetics, a vowel is a sound in spoken language, such as English ah! or oh! , pronounced with an open vocal tract so that there is no build-up of air pressure at any point above the glottis....
 sound used in some spoken language
Language

A language is a form of symbol communication in which elements are combined to represents something other than themselves. Language can also refer to the use of such systems as a general phenomenon....
s. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet
International Phonetic Alphabet

The International Phonetic Alphabet "The acronym 'IPA' strictly refers [...] to the 'International Phonetic Association'. But it is now such a common practice to use the acronym also to refer to the alphabet itself that resistance seems pedantic....
 that represents this sound is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA
X-SAMPA

The Extended Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet is a variant of SAMPA developed in 1995 by John C. Wells, professor of phonetics at the University of London....
 symbol is }. The IPA symbol is the letter u with a horizontal bar. Both the symbol and the sound are commonly referred to as "barred-u".

In most languages this vowel is exolabial
Roundedness

In phonetics, vowel roundedness refers to the amount of rounding in the lips during the articulation of a vowel. That is, it is vocalic labialization....
 (with pursed lips). However, in a few cases it is endolabial (compressed).

There is also a near-close central rounded vowel
Near-close central rounded vowel

The near-close central rounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The International Phonetic Alphabet can represent this sound as or ....
 in some languages.

Exolabial (pursed)


Features

  • Its vowel height is close
    Close vowel

    A close vowel is a type of vowel sound used in many spoken languages. The defining characteristic of a close vowel is that the tongue is positioned as close as possible to the roof of the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant....
    , which means the tongue is positioned as close as possible to the roof of the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant
    Consonant

    In articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a speech sound that is articulated with complete or partial closure of the upper vocal tract, the upper vocal tract being defined as that part of the vocal tract that lies above the larynx....
    .
  • Its vowel backness is central
    Central vowel

    A central vowel is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. The defining characteristic of a central vowel is that the tongue is positioned halfway between a front vowel and a back vowel....
    , which means the tongue is positioned halfway between a front vowel
    Front vowel

    A front vowel is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. The defining characteristic of a front vowel is that the tongue is positioned as far forward as possible in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant....
     and a back vowel
    Back vowel

    A back vowel is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. The defining characteristic of a back vowel is that the tongue is positioned as far back as possible in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant....
    .
  • Its vowel roundedness is exolabial
    Roundedness

    In phonetics, vowel roundedness refers to the amount of rounding in the lips during the articulation of a vowel. That is, it is vocalic labialization....
    , which means that the lips are rounded and protrude and the inner surfaces are exposed.


Occurrence

Language Word IPA
International Phonetic Alphabet

The International Phonetic Alphabet "The acronym 'IPA' strictly refers [...] to the 'International Phonetic Association'. But it is now such a common practice to use the acronym also to refer to the alphabet itself that resistance seems pedantic....
 Meaning Notes
English
English language

English is a West Germanic language that originated in Anglo-Saxon England and has lingua franca status in many parts of the world as a result of the military, economic, scientific, political and cultural influence of the British Empire in the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries and that of the United States from the mid 20th century onwa...
 		 Australian
Australian English

Australian English is the form of the English language spoken in Australia....
 		 'boot' See Australian English phonology
Australian English phonology

Australian English is a Rhotic and non-rhotic accents variety of English language spoken by most native-born Australians. Phonologically, it is one of the most regionally homogeneous language varieties in the world....
New Zealand
New Zealand English

New Zealand English is the form of the English language used in New Zealand.The English language was established in New Zealand by colonists during the 19th century....
 		 
Cockney
Cockney

The term Cockney has both geographical and linguistic associations. Geographically and culturally, it often refers to working class Londoners, particularly those in the East End of London....
 		 corresponds to in other dialects. See English phonology
English phonology

English phonology is the study of the phonology of the English language. Like all languages, spoken English has wide variation in its pronunciation both Historical linguistics and Descriptive linguistics from dialect to dialect....
Estuary
Estuary English

Estuary English is a name given to the dialect of English language widely spoken in South East England and the East of England; especially along the River Thames and Thames Estuary, which is where the two regions meet....
Scouse
Scouse

File:Mersey.svgScouse is the accent and dialect of English language found in the city of Liverpool, and in some adjoining urban areas of Merseyside, mainly The Wirral, often known as woolyback or posh scouse, due to several differences in speech patterns and pronunciation, but also in the new town areas of Runcorn and Skelmersdale....
Irish
Irish language

Irish , also known as Irish Gaelic, is a Goidelic languages of the Indo-European language family, originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish people....
 		 'quiet'Irish phonology
Irish phonology

File:Gaeltachtai le hainmneacha.svgThe phonology of the Irish language varies from Irish language#Dialects; there is no standard language of the language....
Norwegian
Norwegian language

Norwegian is a North Germanic languages language spoken primarily in Norway, where it is an official language. It is also spoken as a second language among Norwegian-Americans in the United States of America, especially in the central northern states....
 		 'house' See Norwegian phonology
Norwegian phonology

The sound system of Norwegian language is similar to that of Swedish language. There is considerable variation among the dialects, but the variant generally taught to foreign students is Standard ?stnorsk ....
Russian
Russian language

Russian is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages, and the largest native language in Europe....
 		 'curium' Occurs only between palatalized
Palatalization

Palatalization or palatalisation generally refers to two phenomena:*As a process or the result of a process, the effect that front vowels and the palatal approximant frequently have on consonants;...
 consonants. See Russian phonology
Russian phonology

For assistance in making phonetic transcriptions of Russian for Wikipedia articles, see WP:IPA for RussianThis article discusses the phonology system of standard language Russian language based on the Moscow dialect ....
Swedish
Swedish language

Swedish is a North Germanic languages language, spoken by around 10 million people, predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland, especially along the coast and on the ?land islands....
 		 'ugly' See Swedish phonology
Swedish phonology

The phonology of Swedish language is notable for having a large vowel inventory, with 9 vowels that are distinguished in quality and to some degree quantity, making up 17 vowel phonemes in most dialects ....


Endolabial (compressed)

As there are no diacritics in the IPA to distinguish endo- and exo-labial rounding, the spread-lip diacritic will be used here as an ad hoc symbol for endolabial.

Features

  • Its vowel height is close
    Close vowel

    A close vowel is a type of vowel sound used in many spoken languages. The defining characteristic of a close vowel is that the tongue is positioned as close as possible to the roof of the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant....
    , which means the tongue is positioned as close as possible to the roof of the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant
    Consonant

    In articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a speech sound that is articulated with complete or partial closure of the upper vocal tract, the upper vocal tract being defined as that part of the vocal tract that lies above the larynx....
    .
  • Its vowel backness is central
    Central vowel

    A central vowel is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. The defining characteristic of a central vowel is that the tongue is positioned halfway between a front vowel and a back vowel....
    , which means the tongue is positioned midway between a front vowel
    Front vowel

    A front vowel is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. The defining characteristic of a front vowel is that the tongue is positioned as far forward as possible in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant....
     and a back vowel
    Back vowel

    A back vowel is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. The defining characteristic of a back vowel is that the tongue is positioned as far back as possible in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant....
    .
  • Its vowel roundedness is compressed, which means the corners of the mouth are drawn slightly together and the lips may be compressed horizontally, but do not protrude.


Occurs in

Language Word IPA
International Phonetic Alphabet

The International Phonetic Alphabet "The acronym 'IPA' strictly refers [...] to the 'International Phonetic Association'. But it is now such a common practice to use the acronym also to refer to the alphabet itself that resistance seems pedantic....
 Meaning Notes
Norwegian
Norwegian language

Norwegian is a North Germanic languages language spoken primarily in Norway, where it is an official language. It is also spoken as a second language among Norwegian-Americans in the United States of America, especially in the central northern states....
 		 gul 'yellow'  
This vowel is typically transcribed as . It also occurs in some dialects of Swedish
Swedish language

Swedish is a North Germanic languages language, spoken by around 10 million people, predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland, especially along the coast and on the ?land islands....
, but see also close front compressed vowel. The close back vowels of Norwegian and Swedish are also compressed. See close back compressed vowel.

Bibliography