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Clinker (cement)

 

 
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Clinker (cement)
 
 
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In the manufacture of Portland cement
Portland cement

Portland cement is the most common type of cement in general use around the world, because it is a basic ingredient of concrete, mortar , stucco and most non-specialty grout....
, clinker is the solid material produced by the cement kiln
Cement kiln

Cement kilns are used for the pyroprocessing stage of manufacture of Portland cement and other types of hydraulic cement, in which calcium carbonate reacts with silicon dioxide-bearing minerals to form a mixture of calcium silicates....
 stage that has sintered
Sintering

Sintering is a method for making objects from Powder , by heating the material below its melting point until its particles adhesion to each other....
 into lumps or nodules, typically of diameter 3-25 mm.


Clinker, if stored in dry conditions, can be kept for several months without appreciable loss of quality.






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In the manufacture of Portland cement
Portland cement

Portland cement is the most common type of cement in general use around the world, because it is a basic ingredient of concrete, mortar , stucco and most non-specialty grout....
, clinker is the solid material produced by the cement kiln
Cement kiln

Cement kilns are used for the pyroprocessing stage of manufacture of Portland cement and other types of hydraulic cement, in which calcium carbonate reacts with silicon dioxide-bearing minerals to form a mixture of calcium silicates....
 stage that has sintered
Sintering

Sintering is a method for making objects from Powder , by heating the material below its melting point until its particles adhesion to each other....
 into lumps or nodules, typically of diameter 3-25 mm.

Uses


Clinker is ground
Ground

Ground may refer to:* The surface of the Earth* Soil, a mixture of clay, sand and organic matter present on the surface of the Earth and serving as substrate for plants growth and micro-organisms development...
 (usually with the addition of a little gypsum
Gypsum

Gypsum is a very soft mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, with the chemical formula calciumsulfuroxygen4?2water....
, that is, calcium sulfate
Calcium sulfate

Calcium sulfate is a common laboratory and industrial chemical. In the form of ?-anhydrite , it is used as a desiccant. It is also used as a coagulant in products like tofu....
 dihydrate) to become Portland cement. It may also be combined with other active ingredients or Concrete#Chemical_admixtures
Concrete

Concrete is a construction material composed of cement as well as other cementitious materials such as fly ash and slag cement, construction aggregate , water , and Chemistry admixtures....
 to produce:
  • ground granulated blast furnace slag
    Ground granulated blast furnace slag

    Ground granulated blast furnace slag is obtained by quenching molten iron slag from a blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy, granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder....
     cement
    Cement

    In the most general sense of the word, a cement is a binder, a substance which sets and hardens independently, and can bind other materials together....
  • pozzolana
    Pozzolana

    Pozzolana, also known as pozzolanic ash, is a fine, sandy volcanic ash, originally discovered and dug in Italy at Pozzuoli in the region around Vesuvius, but later at a number of other sites....
     cement
    Cement

    In the most general sense of the word, a cement is a binder, a substance which sets and hardens independently, and can bind other materials together....
  • silica fume
    Silica fume

    Silica fume, also known as microsilica, is a fine grain, low density and high surface area silica.It is sometimes confused with fumed silica ....
     cement
    Cement

    In the most general sense of the word, a cement is a binder, a substance which sets and hardens independently, and can bind other materials together....


Clinker, if stored in dry conditions, can be kept for several months without appreciable loss of quality. Because of this, and because it can easily be handled by ordinary mineral handling equipment, clinker is traded internationally in large quantities. Cement manufacturers purchasing clinker grind it as an addition to their own clinker at their cement plants. Manufacturers also ship clinker to grinding plants in areas where cement-making raw materials are not available..

Clinker grinding aids


Gypsum
Gypsum

Gypsum is a very soft mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, with the chemical formula calciumsulfuroxygen4?2water....
 is added to clinker primarily as a setting additive for cement, but it is also very effective to facilitate the grinding of clinker by preventing agglomeration and coating of the powder at the surface of balls and mill wall.

Organic compounds are also often added as grinding aids to avoid powder agglomeration. Triethanolamine
Triethanolamine

Triethanolamine, often abbreviated as TEA, is an organic chemical compound which is both a tertiary amine and a tri-alcohol. A tri-alcohol is a molecule with three hydroxyl Functional group....
 (TEA
Tea

Tea refers to the agricultural products of the leaves, leaf buds, and internodes of the Camellia sinensis plant, prepared and cured by various methods....
) is commonly used at 0.1 wt. % and is proved to be very effective. Other additives are sometimes used, such as ethylene glycol, oleic acid, dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, ... .

See also

  • Cement
    Cement

    In the most general sense of the word, a cement is a binder, a substance which sets and hardens independently, and can bind other materials together....