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Clinical pathology
 
 
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, Laboratory Medicine (Germany), Biopathology (Greece), or Clinical/Medical Biology (France, Belgium, Netherlands, Austria...) is a medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the laboratory
Medical laboratory

A medical laboratory or clinical laboratory is a laboratory where tests are done on clinical specimens in order to get information about the health of a patient....
 analysis of bodily fluid
Bodily fluid

Bodily fluids listed below are found in the bodies of men and/or women. Some may be found in animals as well. They include fluids that are excretion or secretion from the body as well as fluids that normally are not....
s such as blood
Blood

Blood is a specialized bodily fluid that delivers necessary substances to the body's Cell s ? such as nutrients and oxygen ? and transports waste products away from those same cells....
 and urine
Urine

Urine is a liquid waste product of the body secreted by the kidneys by a process of filtration from blood called urination and excreted through the urethra....
, using the tools of chemistry, microbiology, hematology
Hematology

Hematology, American_and_British_English_spelling_differences#Simplification_of_ae_.28.C3.A6.29_and_oe_.28.C5.93.29 haematology, is the branch of biology , pathology, clinical laboratory, internal medicine, and pediatrics that is concerned with the study of blood, the blood-forming organs, and blood diseases....
 and molecular pathology
Molecular pathology

Molecular pathology is an emerging discipline within pathology which is focused in the study and diagnosis of disease through the examination of molecules within organs, tissues or bodily fluids....
.






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Blood Film 01
Blood Smear
Enterobacter Cloacae 01


, Laboratory Medicine (Germany), Biopathology (Greece), or Clinical/Medical Biology (France, Belgium, Netherlands, Austria...) is a medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the laboratory
Medical laboratory

A medical laboratory or clinical laboratory is a laboratory where tests are done on clinical specimens in order to get information about the health of a patient....
 analysis of bodily fluid
Bodily fluid

Bodily fluids listed below are found in the bodies of men and/or women. Some may be found in animals as well. They include fluids that are excretion or secretion from the body as well as fluids that normally are not....
s such as blood
Blood

Blood is a specialized bodily fluid that delivers necessary substances to the body's Cell s ? such as nutrients and oxygen ? and transports waste products away from those same cells....
 and urine
Urine

Urine is a liquid waste product of the body secreted by the kidneys by a process of filtration from blood called urination and excreted through the urethra....
, using the tools of chemistry, microbiology, hematology
Hematology

Hematology, American_and_British_English_spelling_differences#Simplification_of_ae_.28.C3.A6.29_and_oe_.28.C5.93.29 haematology, is the branch of biology , pathology, clinical laboratory, internal medicine, and pediatrics that is concerned with the study of blood, the blood-forming organs, and blood diseases....
 and molecular pathology
Molecular pathology

Molecular pathology is an emerging discipline within pathology which is focused in the study and diagnosis of disease through the examination of molecules within organs, tissues or bodily fluids....
. Clinical pathologists work in close collaboration with medical technologist
Medical technologist

File:Lab tech.JPGA medical technologist is a healthcare professional who performs diagnostic analytic tests on body fluids such as blood, urine, sputum, feces, cerebrospinal fluid , peritoneal fluid, pericardial fluid, and synovial fluid, as well as other specimens....
s.

Clinical pathology is itself divided in subspecialties, the main ones being clinical chemistry, clinical hematology
Hematology

Hematology, American_and_British_English_spelling_differences#Simplification_of_ae_.28.C3.A6.29_and_oe_.28.C5.93.29 haematology, is the branch of biology , pathology, clinical laboratory, internal medicine, and pediatrics that is concerned with the study of blood, the blood-forming organs, and blood diseases....
/blood banking and clinical microbiology.

Clinical pathology is one of the two major divisions of , the other being anatomical pathology
Anatomical pathology

or is a medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the gross examination, Histopathology, and Molecular pathology examination of organ , tissue , and whole bodies ....
. Often, practice both anatomical and clinical pathology, a combination known as general pathology
General pathology

, also called , or , is a broad and complex science which seeks to understand the mechanisms of injury to Cell and tissue , as well as the body's means of responding to and repairing injury....
. Similar specialties exist in veterinary pathology
Veterinary pathology

are veterinarians who specialise in the diagnosis of diseases through the examination of animal tissue and body fluids. Like for medical , veterinary pathology is divided in two branches, anatomical pathology and clinical pathology....
.

Licensing and subspecialties


The American Board of Pathology certifies clinical pathologists, and recognizes the following secondary specialties of clinical pathology:

  • Chemical pathology, also called clinical chemistry
  • Hematopathology
    Hematopathology

    Hematopathology is the branch of pathology which studies diseases of hematopoietic cells . A hematopathologist looks at peripheral blood smears, bone marrow aspirates and biopsy, lymph nodes, and other tissues, and uses his/her expertise to diagnose diseases such as lymphomas and leukemias....
  • Blood banking - Transfusion medicine
    Transfusion medicine

    Transfusion medicine is the branch of medicine that is concerned with the Blood transfusion of blood and blood components. The blood bank is the section of the clinical laboratory where medical technologists process and distribute blood products under the supervision of a medical director, often certified in Pathology or Transfusion Medicine...
  • Clinical microbiology
  • Cytogenetics
    Cytogenetics

    Cytogenetics is a branch of genetics that is concerned with the study of the structure and function of the cell, especially the chromosomes. It includes routine analysis of G banding chromosomes, other cytogenetic banding techniques, as well as molecular cytogenetics such as fluorescent in situ hybridization and comparative genomic hybridiz...
  • Molecular genetics
    Molecular genetics

    Molecular genetics is the field of biology which studies the structure and function of genes at a Molecule level. The field studies how the genes are transferred from generation to generation....
     pathology.


In some countries other subspecialties are under certified Clinical Biologist
Clinical biologist

A Clinical biologist is an health professional, Physician in medicine or pharmacy specialized in clinical biology, a speciality near from Clinical Pathology....
s responsibility:
  • Assisted reproductive technology
    Assisted reproductive technology

    Assisted reproductive technology is a general term referring to methods used to achieve pregnancy by artificial or partially artificial means. It is reproductive technology used in infertility treatment, which is the only application routinely used today of reproductive technology....
    , Sperm bank
    Sperm bank

    A sperm bank or cryobank is a facility that collects and stores human spermatozoon mainly from sperm donations, primarily for the purpose of achieving pregnancies through third party reproduction, notably by artificial insemination....
     and Semen analysis
    Semen analysis

    File:Sperm stained.JPGA semen analysis evaluates certain characteristics of a man's semen and the spermatozoon contained in the semen. It may be done while investigating a couple's infertility or after a vasectomy to verify that the procedure was successful....
  • Immunopathology
    Immunopathology

    Immunopathology is a branch of medicine that deals with immune responses associated with disease. It includes the study of the pathology of an organism, organ system, or disease with respect to the immune system, immunity, and immune responses....


In some countries in South-America, Europe
Europe

Europe is, conventionally, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural , the Caspian Sea, and by the Caucasus Mountains to the southeast....
, Africa
Africa

Africa is the world's second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km? including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area....
 or Asia
Asia

Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent. It covers 8.6% of the Earth's total surface area and, with over 4 billion people, it contains more than 60% of the world's current human population....
, this specialty can be exercised by non-physicians, such Pharm.D after a variable number of year of residency
Residency

Residency is the act of establishing or maintaining a House in a given place....
. For example, in France, Clinical Pathology is called Medical Biology ("Biologie médicale") is both exercized by M.D. and Pharm.D and this residency lasts four years. Specialists in this discipline do not call "Clinical pathologist" but "Clinical Biologist
Clinical biologist

A Clinical biologist is an health professional, Physician in medicine or pharmacy specialized in clinical biology, a speciality near from Clinical Pathology....
".

See also

  • Pathology
    Pathology

    Pathology is the study and diagnosis of disease through examination of Organ , tissue , bodily fluids and whole bodies . The term also encompasses the related science study of disease processes, called General pathology....
  • Medical laboratory
    Medical laboratory

    A medical laboratory or clinical laboratory is a laboratory where tests are done on clinical specimens in order to get information about the health of a patient....
  • Anatomic pathology
  • Medical technologist
    Medical technologist

    File:Lab tech.JPGA medical technologist is a healthcare professional who performs diagnostic analytic tests on body fluids such as blood, urine, sputum, feces, cerebrospinal fluid , peritoneal fluid, pericardial fluid, and synovial fluid, as well as other specimens....
  • Veterinary pathology
    Veterinary pathology

    are veterinarians who specialise in the diagnosis of diseases through the examination of animal tissue and body fluids. Like for medical , veterinary pathology is divided in two branches, anatomical pathology and clinical pathology....
  • Biological pharmacist
    Biological pharmacist

    In France and in other countries like Portugal, Spain, Belgium or Switzerland, a Biological pharmacist is a Pharmacist specialized in Clinical Biology a speciality near from Clinical Pathology....
  • ARUP Laboratories
    ARUP Laboratories

    ARUP Laboratories, an enterprise of the University of Utah and its Department of Pathology, is a national clinical and anatomic pathology reference laboratory that offers more than 2,000 tests and test combinations, ranging from routine screening tests to highly esoteric molecular and genetic assays....
  • Residency (pharmacy)
  • Clinical Biologist
    Clinical biologist

    A Clinical biologist is an health professional, Physician in medicine or pharmacy specialized in clinical biology, a speciality near from Clinical Pathology....
  • Laser capture microdissection
    Laser capture microdissection

    Laser capture microdissection is a method for isolating specific cell s of interest from microscopic regions of tissue that has been sectioned....


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