Clausiliidae
Encyclopedia
Clausiliidae, common name door snails, are a taxonomic family
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...

 of small, very elongate, mostly left-handed, air-breathing land snail
Land snail
A land snail is any of the many species of snail that live on land, as opposed to those that live in salt water and fresh water. Land snails are terrestrial gastropod mollusks that have shells, It is not always an easy matter to say which species are terrestrial, because some are more or less...

s, sinistral
Sinistral
Sinistral and dextral are scientific terms that describe chirality or relative direction in a number of disciplines.The terms are derived from the Latin words for “left” and “right” ....

 terrestrial
Terrestrial animal
Terrestrial animals are animals that live predominantly or entirely on land , as compared with aquatic animals, which live predominantly or entirely in the water , or amphibians, which rely on a combination of aquatic and terrestrial habitats...

 pulmonate gastropod mollusks.

With about 1,300 species recent and fossil, this belong among the most diverse families of land gastropods (cf. Orthalicidae
Orthalicidae
Orthalicidae are a family of tropical air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks are classified in the informal group Sigmurethra of the clade Stylommatophora...

, although the marine gastropod family Pyramidellidae
Pyramidellidae
Pyramidellidae, common name the pyram family, or pyramid shells, is a voluminous taxonomic family of mostly small and minute ectoparasitic sea snails, marine heterobranch gastropod molluscs or micromolluscs....

 is larger).

All the species of Clausiliidae have an anatomical structure known as a clausilium
Clausilium
The clausilium is a calcareous anatomical structure which is found in one group of air-breathing land snails: terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails...

, which enables the snail to close off the aperture
Aperture (mollusc)
The aperture is an opening in certain kinds of mollusc shells: it is the main opening of the shell, where part of the body of the animal emerges for locomotion, feeding, etc....

 of the shell
Gastropod shell
The gastropod shell is a shell which is part of the body of a gastropod or snail, one kind of mollusc. The gastropod shell is an external skeleton or exoskeleton, which serves not only for muscle attachment, but also for protection from predators and from mechanical damage...

 with a sliding "door".

Shell description

Almost all the species of snails in the family of door snails are left-handed, which is an uncommon feature in gastropod shell
Gastropod shell
The gastropod shell is a shell which is part of the body of a gastropod or snail, one kind of mollusc. The gastropod shell is an external skeleton or exoskeleton, which serves not only for muscle attachment, but also for protection from predators and from mechanical damage...

s in general.

These snails have shells which are extremely high-spired
Spire (mollusc)
A spire is a descriptive term for part of the coiled shell of mollusks. The word is a convenient aid in describing shells, but it does not refer to a very precise part of shell anatomy: the spire consists of all of the whorls except for the body whorl...

, with numerous whorls
Whorl (mollusc)
A whorl is a single, complete 360° revolution or turn in the spiral growth of a mollusc shell. A spiral configuration of the shell is found in of numerous gastropods, but it is also found in shelled cephalopods including Nautilus, Spirula and the large extinct subclass of cephalopods known as the...

.

The shells tend to be club-shaped, tapering at both ends to a rounded nub. The aperture
Aperture (mollusc)
The aperture is an opening in certain kinds of mollusc shells: it is the main opening of the shell, where part of the body of the animal emerges for locomotion, feeding, etc....

 usually has visible folds.

The clausilium

Clausiliids are also very unusual among pulmonate gastropods in that they all have a "door" or clausilium
Clausilium
The clausilium is a calcareous anatomical structure which is found in one group of air-breathing land snails: terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails...

. The clausilium is not the same thing as an operculum
Operculum (gastropod)
The operculum, meaning little lid, is a corneous or calcareous anatomical structure which exists in many groups of sea snails and freshwater snails, and also in a few groups of land snails...

, which does not exist at all in pulmonate gastropods.

The clausilium is a calcareous structure, tongue-shaped or spoon-shaped, which can close the aperture of the snail shell to protect the soft parts against predation by animals such as carnivorous beetle larvae. The narrow end of the clausilium slides in the grooves that are formed by the folds on the inside of the shell.

Anatomy

In this family, the number of haploid chromosome
Chromosome
A chromosome is an organized structure of DNA and protein found in cells. It is a single piece of coiled DNA containing many genes, regulatory elements and other nucleotide sequences. Chromosomes also contain DNA-bound proteins, which serve to package the DNA and control its functions.Chromosomes...

s lies between 21 and 30 (according to the values in this table).

Taxonomy

The type genus
Type genus
In biological classification, a type genus is a representative genus, as with regard to a biological family. The term and concept is used much more often and much more formally in zoology than it is in botany, and the definition is dependent on the nomenclatural Code that applies:* In zoological...

 is Clausilia
Clausilia
Clausilia is a European genus of small, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails, all of which have a clausilium....

Draparnaud
Jacques Philippe Raymond Draparnaud
Jacques Philippe Raymond Draparnaud was a French naturalist, malacologist and botanist.Draparnaud is considered the father of malacology in France...

, 1805.

The Clausiliidae family is classified within the informal group Sigmurethra
Sigmurethra
Sigmurethra is a taxonomic category of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. This is an Informal Group which includes the majority of land snails and slugs....

, itself belonging to the clade
Clade
A clade is a group consisting of a species and all its descendants. In the terms of biological systematics, a clade is a single "branch" on the "tree of life". The idea that such a "natural group" of organisms should be grouped together and given a taxonomic name is central to biological...

 Stylommatophora
Stylommatophora
Stylommatophora is a taxon of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. This taxon is currently considered to be a clade. It was previously regarded as an infraorder...

 within the clade Eupulmonata
Eupulmonata
The Eupulmonata is a taxonomic clade of air-breathing snails. The great majority of this group are land snails and slugs, but some are marine and some are saltmarsh snails that can tolerate salty conditions.-Linnean taxonomy:...

 (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005
Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)
The taxonomy of the Gastropoda as it was revised by Philippe Bouchet and Jean-Pierre Rocroi is currently the most up-to-date overall system for classifying gastropod mollusks...

).

2005 taxonomy

The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005
Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)
The taxonomy of the Gastropoda as it was revised by Philippe Bouchet and Jean-Pierre Rocroi is currently the most up-to-date overall system for classifying gastropod mollusks...

 recognizes subfamilies as follows:

subfamily Clausiliinae Gray, 1855
  • tribe Clausiliini Gray, 1855 - synonym: Fusulinae Lindholm, 1924
  • tribe Gracillariini H. Nordsieck, 1979


subfamily Alopiinae A. J. Wagner, 1913
  • tribe Alopiini A. J. Wagner, 1913
  • tribe Cochlodinini Lindholm, 1925 (1923) - synonym: Marpessinae Wenz, 1923
  • tribe Delimini Brandt, 1956 - synonym: Papilliferini Brandt, 1961 (n.a.)
  • tribe Medorini H. Nordsieck, 1997
  • tribe Montenegrinini H. Nordsieck, 1972


subfamily Baleinae A. J. Wagner, 1913 - synonyms: Laciniariini H. Nordsieck, 1963; Tristaniinae Schileyko, 1999

subfamily † Constrictinae H. Nordsieck, 1981

subfamily Garnieriinae C. Boettger, 1926
  • tribe Garnieriini C. Boettger, 1926
  • tribe Tropidaucheniini H. Nordsieck, 2002


subfamily † Eualopiinae H. Nordsieck, 1978
  • tribe † Eualopiini H. Nordsieck, 1978
  • tribe † Rillyini H. Nordsieck, 1985


subfamily Laminiferinae Wenz, 1923

subfamily Mentissoideinae Lindholm, 1924
  • tribe Mentissoideini Lindholm, 1924 - synonym: Euxininae I. M. Likharev, 1962
  • tribe Acrotomini H. Nordsieck, 1979
  • tribe Boettgeriini H. Nordsieck, 1979
  • tribe Euxinellini Neubert, 2002
  • tribe Filosini H. Nordsieck, 1979
  • tribe Olympicolini Neubert, 2002
  • tribe Strigileuxinini H. Nordsieck, 1994
  • tribe Strumosini H. Nordsieck, 1994


subfamily Neniinae Wenz, 1923 - Neniastrinae H. B. Baker, 1930

subfamily Phaedusinae A. J. Wagner, 1922
  • tribe Phaedusini A. J. Wagner, 1922
  • tribe Megalophaedusini Zilch, 1954 - synonym: Zaptyxini Zilch, 1954


subfamily Serrulininae Ehrmann, 1927

Clausiliinae

tribe Clausiliini
  • Clausilia
    Clausilia
    Clausilia is a European genus of small, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails, all of which have a clausilium....

    Draparnaud, 1805 - with two subgenera: Clausilia and Strobeliella H. Nordsieck, 1977
  • Erjavecia Brusina, 1870
  • Fusulus Fitzinger, 1833 - with two subgenera: Erjaveciella H. Nordsieck, 1877 and Fusulus
  • Julica H. Nordsieck, 1963
  • Macrogastra
    Macrogastra
    Macrogastra is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails.Like all clausiliids, the shells of the species in this genus are sinistral, or left-handed in their coiling....

    Hartmann, 1841 - with three subgenera: Macrogastra, Pseudovestia H. Nordsieck, 1877 and Pyrostoma Vest, 1867
  • Micridyla H. Nordsieck, 1973
  • Neostyriaca A. J. Wagner, 1920
  • Pseudofusulus H. Nordsieck, 1977 - has the only one species: Pseudofusulus varians
    Pseudofusulus varians
    Pseudofusulus varians is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Clausiliidae.Genus Pseudofusulus is monotypic genus with Pseudofusulus varians as its type species.It is a relict species from Atlantic period of the Holocene, inhabiting...

  • Ruthenica
    Ruthenica
    Ruthenica is a genus of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails....

    Lindholm, 1924


tribe Gracillariini
  • Graciliaria Bielz, 1867

Alopiinae

Alopiinae

tribe Alopiini
  • Alopia H. & A.Adams, 1855 - with two subgenera Alopia and Kimakowiczia Szekeres, 1969
  • Herilla H. & A. Adams, 1855
  • Triloba Vest, 1867


tribe Cochlodinini
  • Cochlodina
    Cochlodina
    Cochlodina is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails.-Species:Species within this genus include:* Cochlodina cerata...

    A. Férussac, 1821 - with four subgenera: Cochlodina; Cochlodinastra H. Nordsieck, 1977; Paracochlodina H. Nordsieck, 1969; Procochlodina H. Nordsieck, 1969
  • Macedonica O. Boettger, 1877


tribe Delimini
  • Barcania Brandt, 1956
  • Charpentieria
    Charpentieria
    Charpentieria is a genus of small, very elongate, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails, all of which have a clausilium.- Species :...

    Stabille, 1864 - with four subgenera: Charpentieria; Gibbularia Monterosato, 1908; Mauritanica O. Boettger, 1877; Siciliaria
    Siciliaria
    Siciliaria is a genus of small, air-breathing, land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Clausiliidae.- Species :Species in the genus Siciliaria include:*Siciliaria calcarae...

    Vest, 1867 and Stigmatica O. Boettger, 1877
  • Delima Hartmann, 1842 - with four subgenera: Delima; Dugiana Stamol & Slapnik, 2002; Piceata O. Boettger, 1877 and Semirugata O. Boettger, 1877
  • Dilataria Vest, 1867
  • Papillifera
    Papillifera
    Papillifera is a genus of air-breathing land snail with a clausilium, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails.-Species:* Papillifera deburghiae...

    Hartmann, 1842


tribe Medorini H. Nordsieck, 1997
  • Agathylla H. & A.Adams, 1855 - with two subgenera Agathylla and Agathyllina H. Nordsieck, 1969
  • Albinaria
    Albinaria
    Albinaria is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails.- Distribution :Distribution of the genus Albinaria include:* southern Albania* Greece* Cyprus...

    Vest, 1867 - also include former genera Carinigera Moellendorff, 1873; Cristataria Vest, 1867; Isabellaria Vest, 1867; Sericata O. Boettger, 1878.
  • Inchoatia
    Inchoatia
    Inchoatia is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails.- Description :...

    Gittenberger & Uit de Weerd, 2006
  • Lampedusa
    Lampedusa (gastropod)
    Lampedusa is a genus of small, very elongate, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails, all of which have a clausilium.-Species:Species within the genus Lampedusa include:...

    - with two subgenera Imitatrix Westerlund, 1884 and Lampedusa
  • Leucostigma A. J. Wagner, 1919
  • Medora H. & A. Adams, 1855
  • Muticaria
    Muticaria
    Muticaria is a genus of small, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails, all of which have a clausilium.- Distribution :...

    Lindholm, 1925
  • Strigilodelima A. J. Wagner, 1924


tribe Montenegrinini
  • Montenegrina
    Montenegrina
    Montenegrina is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails, all of which have a clausilium.-References:*...

    O. Boettger, 1877
  • Protoherilla A. J. Wagner, 1921

Baleinae

  • Alinda H. & A. Adams, 1855 - with two subgenera: Alinda and Pseudalinda O. Boettger, 1877
  • Balea
    Balea
    Balea is a genus of small, very elongate, left-handed, air-breathing land snails, sinistral terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails.Balea is the type genus of the subfamily Baleinae.- Species :...

    J. E. Gray, 1824
  • Bulgarica
    Bulgarica
    Bulgarica is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails.-Species :Species within the genus Bulgarica include:* Bulgarica cana...

    O. Boettger, 1877 - with three subgenera Bulgarica, Pavlovicia H. Nordsieck, 1973 and Strigilecula Kennard & Woodward, 1923
  • Lacinaria Hartmann, 1842
  • Likharevia H. Nordsieck, 1975
  • Menissa H. & A.Adams, 1855
  • Mentissella H. Nordsieck, 1973
  • Micropontica O. Boettger, 1881 - with two subgenera: Baleopsina Lindholm, 1924 and Micropontica
  • Mucronaria O. Boettger, 1877 - with two subgenera: Index O. Boettger, 1877 and Mucronaria
  • Quadriplicata O. Boettger, 1878
  • Vestia Hesse, 1916 - with three subgenera: Brabenecia H. Nordsieck, 1974; Vestia and Vestiella H. Nordsieck, 1877

Constrictinae

Fossil subfamily Constrictinae contains genera:
  • Constricta O. Boettger, 1877 - type genus of the subfamily


Garnieriinae

  • Garnieria Bourguignat, 1877
  • Grandinenia Minato & Chen, 1984
  • Indonenia Ehrmann, 1927
  • Megalauchenia H. Nordsieck, 2007
  • Neniauchenia H. Nordsieck, 2002
  • Tropidauchenia Lindholm, 1924 - with two subgenera: Euryauchenia H. Nordsieck, 2007 and Tropidauchenia

Eualopiinae

Fossil subfamily Eualopiinae contains genera:

tribe † Eualopiini
  • Eualopia O. Boettger, 1877 - type genus of the subfamily


tribe † Rillyini
  • Rillya Munier-Chalmas [in P. Fischer], 1883 - type genus of the tribe


Laminiferinae

  • Laminifera O. Boettger, 1863 - the type genus of the family Laminiferinae. Its type species is fossil. (Actual status of the genus?)
  • Bofilliella
    Bofilliella
    Bofilliella is a genus of small, very elongate, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails, all of which have a clausilium....

    Ehrmann, 1927
  • Neniatlanta Bouguignat, 1876

Mentissoideinae

  • Acrotoma O. Boettger, 1881 - with four subgenera: Acrotoma, Acrotomina H. Nordsieck, 1977; Bzybia H. Nordsieck, 1977 and Castelliana Suvorov, 2002
  • Akramowskia H. Nordsieck, 1975
  • Armenica O. Boettger, 1877 - with two subgenera: Armenica and Astrogena Szekeres, 1970
  • Bitorquata O. Boettger, 1877
  • Boettgeria
    Boettgeria
    Boettgeria is a genus of small, very elongate, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails, all of which have a clausilium....

    O. Boettger, 1863 - with two subgenera: Boettgeriaand Loosjesiella Neubert & Groh, 1998
  • Elia H. & A.Adams, 1855 - with four subgenera: Acroeuxina O. Boettger, 1877; Caucasica O. Boettger, 1877; Elia and Megaleuxina O. Boettger, 1877
  • Euxina O. Boettger, 1877 - with two subgenera: Euxina and Illunellaria Lindholm, 1924
  • Euxinastra O. Boettger, 1888 - with two subgenera: Euxinastra and Odonteuxina H. Nordsieck, 1875
  • Euxinella H. Nordsieck, 1973
  • Filosa O. Boettger, 1877
  • Galeata
    Galeata
    Galeata is a comune in the Province of Forlì-Cesena in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 70 km southeast of Bologna and about 30 km southwest of Forlì....

    O. Boettger, 1877
  • Idyla H. & A. Adams, 1855 - with two subgenera: Idyla and Strigilidyla H. Nordsieck, 1994
  • Kazancia Neubert, 1992 - with two subgenera: Kazancia and Lasica Neubert, 1995
  • Macroptychia O. Boettger, 1877
  • Mentissoidea O. Boettger, 1877
  • Olympicola Hesse, 1916
  • Phrygica H. Nordsieck, 1994
  • Roseniella Thiele, 1931 - with two subgenera: Chavchetia Neubert, 1992 and Roseniella
  • Sabaeola Lindholm, 1925
  • Sprattia O. Boettger, 1883
  • Strigileuxina H. Nordsieck, 1975
  • Strumosa O. Boettger, 1877
  • Sumelia H. Nordsieck, 1994

Neniinae

  • Andinia Polinski, 1922
  • Andiniella Weyrauch, 1958
  • Audiniastra H. Nordsieck, 2005
  • Bequaertinenia Weyrauch, 1964 - with two subgenera: Bequaertinenia and Miranenia Grego & Szekeres, 2004
  • Brevinenia Neubert & H. Nordsieck, 2005
  • Columbinia
    Columbinia
    Columbinia is a left-handed, air-breathing land snails genus in the family Clausiliidae.-Species:Species within the genus Columbinia include:subgenus Columbinia Polinski, 1924* Columbinia columbiana - type species...

    Polinski, 1924 - with three subgenera: Columbinia; Paranenia Rehder, 1939 and Steatonenia Pilsbry, 1926
  • Cyclonenia H. Nordsieck, 1999
  • Cylindronenia Ehrmann in Pilsbry, 1949 - with two subgenera: Cylindronenia and Cylindroneniella H. Nordsieck, 2007
  • Ehrmanniella Zilch, 1949
  • Gonionenia Pilsbry, 1926
  • Gracilinenia Polinski, 1922
  • Hemicena Pilsbry, 1949
  • Incaglaia Pilsbry, 1949 - with two subgenera: Gibbonenia Zilch, 1954 and Incaglaia
  • Incania Polinski, 1922
  • Leuconenia H. Nordsieck, 2005
  • Nenia H. & A. Adams, 1855
  • Neniaptyx H. Nordsieck, 2007
  • Neniatracta Pilsbry, 1926
  • Neniella Grego & Sekeres, 2004
  • Neniops Pilsbry, 1926
  • Nenisca Rehder, 1939
  • Parabalea Ancey, 1882
  • Peruinia Polinski, 1922
  • Pfeifferiella Weyrauch, 1957
  • Pseudogracilinenia Loosjes & Loosjes-van Bemmel, 1984
  • Steeriana Jousseaume, 1900
  • Symptychiella H. Nordsieck, 1999 - with two subgenera: Divnenia H. Nordsieck, 2005 and Symptychiella
  • Temesa H. & A. Adams, 1855
  • Zilchiella Weyrauch, 1957

Phadusinae

tribe Phaedusini
  • Phaedusa H. & A.Adams, 1855 - with four subgenera: Metaphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2001; Phaedusa; Pseudophaedusa Tomiyama, 1984 and Stereophaedusa O. Boettger, 1877


tribe Megalophaedusini
  • Leptacme Ehrmann, 1927
  • Oospira Blanford, 1872 - with five subgenera: Atractophaedusa Ehrmann, 1927; Formosana O. Boettger, 1877; Formosanella H. Nordsieck, 2003; Oospira; Paraformosella H. Nordsieck, 2003 and Siphonophaedusa Lindholm, 1924
  • Zaptyx Pilsbry, 1901 - with two subgenera: Prozaptyx Loosjes, 1950 and Zaptyx


tribe ?
  • Acanthophaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2007
  • Bathyptychia Lindholm, 1925 - with three subgenera: Bathyptychia; Brachyptychia H. Nordsieck, 2001 and Strictiphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2001
  • Celsiphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2001
  • Cylindrophaedusa O. Boettger, 1877 - with three subgenera: Cylindrophaedusa and Montiphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2002
  • Dautzenbergiella Lindholm, 1924 - with two subgenera: Dautzenbergiella and Mansuyiella H. Nordsieck, 2003
  • Diceratoptyx Pilsbry, 1905
  • Euphaedusa O. Boettger, 1877 - with five subgenera: Dentiphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2003; Euphaedusa; Papilliphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2003; Tauphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2003 and Telophaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2003
  • Fuchsiana Gredler, 1887
  • Hemiphaedusa O. Boettger, 1877 - with 10 subgenera: Dendrophaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2002; Hemiphaedusa; Hemiphaedusoides H. Nordsieck, 2001; Hemizaptyx Pilsbry, 1905; Labyrinthiphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2001; Margaritiphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2001; Notoptychia Ehrmann, 1927; Pinguiphaedusa Azuma, 1982; Placeophaedusa Minato, 1994 and Selenophaedusa Lindholm, 1924
  • Heterozaptyx Pilsbry, 1906
  • Juttingia Loosjes, 1965 - with two subgenera: Juttingia and Pseudohemiphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2002
  • Lindholmiella Ehrmann, 1927
  • Liparophaedusa Lindholm, 1924
  • Loosjesia H. Nordsieck, 2002
  • Luchuphaedusa Pilsbry, 1901 - with two subgenera: Luchuphaedusa and Nesiophaedusa Pilsbry, 1905
  • Macrophaedusa Moellendorff, 1883
  • Macrophaedusella H. Nordsieck, 2001
  • Megalophaedusa
    Megalophaedusa
    Megalophaedusa is a genus of medium-sized air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails, all of which have a clausilium.This genus occurs in Japan.-Species:...

    O. Boettger, 1877 - with four subgenera: Megalophaedusa; Mesophaedusa Ehrmann, 1929; Mesozaptyx Kuroda, 1963 and Mundiphaedusa Minato, 1979. (Neophaedusa
    Neophaedusa
    Neophaedusa is a genus of small, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails, all of which have a clausilium.-References:*...

    is a synonym of Megalophaedusa).
  • Metazaptyx Pilsbry, 1905
  • Miraphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2005
  • Oligozaptx Pilsbry, 1905
  • Paraphedusa O. Boettger, 1877
  • Parazaptyx Pilsbry, 1905
  • Pliciphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 1998
  • Pulchraptyx Minato, 1981
  • Reinia Kobelt, 1876 - with three subgenera: Parareinia H. Nordsieck, 1998; Pictophaedusa Azuma, 1982 and Reinia
  • Renschiphaedusa Loosjes & Loosjes-van Bemmel, 1973
  • Selenoptyx Pilsbry, 1908
  • Serriphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 2001
  • Sinigena Lindholm, 1925
  • Stereozaptyx Pilsbry, 1905
  • Streptodera Lindholm, 1925
  • Synprosphyma Germain, 1919 - with two subgenera; Excussispira Lindholm, 1925 and Synprosphyma
  • Thaumatoptyx Pilsbry, 1908
  • Tyrannophaedusa Pilsbry, 1901 - with two subgenera: Aulacophaedusa Azuma, 1982 and Tyrannophaedusa
  • Tyrannozaptyx Käufel, 1930
  • Zaptychopsis Ehrmann, 1927

Serrulininae

  • Caspiophaedusa Lindholm, 1924
  • Dobatia H. Nordsieck, 1973
  • Graecophaedusa Rähle, 1982
  • Laeviphaedusa Likharev & Stelkov, 1965
  • Microphaedusa H. Nordsieck, 1978
  • Nothoserrulina Németh & Szekeres, 1995
  • Pamphylica Németh & Szekeres, 1995
  • Pravispira Lindholm, 1924
  • Pontophaedusa
    Pontophaedusa
    Pontophaedusa is a genus of small air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Clausiliidae, the door snails. It is within the subfamily Serrulininae.-References:*...

    Lindholm, 1924
  • Pontophaedusella H. Nordsieck, 1994
  • Sciocochlea C. Boettger, 1935
  • Serrulina Mousson, 1873 - with two subgenera: Serrulina and Truncatophaedusa Majoros, Németh & Szili-Kovácz, 1994
  • Serrulinella H. Nordsieck, 1984
  • Tsoukatosia Gittenberger, 2000 - with two subgenera: Agiosspeleikos A. & P. Reischütz, 2003 and Tsoukatosia

Conservation

Although non-marine molluscs appear to be exceptionally vulnerable to extinction, the IUCN Red list
IUCN Red List
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species , founded in 1963, is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species. The International Union for Conservation of Nature is the world's main authority on the conservation status of species...

listed only 9 species from this family.

Further reading

  • Maltz T. K. & Sulikowska-Drozd A. (2008) "Life Cycles of Clausiliids of Poland — Knowns and Unknowns". Annales Zoologici 58(4): 857-880. .
  • Nordsieck H. (2007). Worldwide Door Snails. ConchBooks, 213 pp. ISBN 9783939767077.
  • Uit de Weerd D. R. (2004). "Molecular phylogenetic history of eastern Mediterranean Alopiinae, a group of morphologically indeterminate land snails". Doctoral thesis, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Leiden University
    Leiden University
    Leiden University , located in the city of Leiden, is the oldest university in the Netherlands. The university was founded in 1575 by William, Prince of Orange, leader of the Dutch Revolt in the Eighty Years' War. The royal Dutch House of Orange-Nassau and Leiden University still have a close...

    . HTM, PDF.
  • Uit de Weerd D. R., Piel W. H. & Gittenberger E. (2004). "Widespread polyphyly among Alopiinae snail genera: when phylogeny mirrors biogeography more closely than morphology". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of evolutionary biology and phylogenetics. The journal is edited by D.E. Wildman.-Indexing:The journal is indexed in:*EMBiology*Journal Citation Reports*Scopus*Web of Science...

    33(3): 533-548. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.07.010

External links

  • Nordsieck H. (2005–2007). www.clausilia.de at Internet Archive
    Internet Archive
    The Internet Archive is a non-profit digital library with the stated mission of "universal access to all knowledge". It offers permanent storage and access to collections of digitized materials, including websites, music, moving images, and nearly 3 million public domain books. The Internet Archive...

    .
  • Nordsieck H.: http://www.hnords.de: Internet journal for the malacology of landsnails (with special regard to Clausiliidae).
  • BioLib info
The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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