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Circassians is a term derived from the Turkic
Turkic languages

The Turkic languages constitute a language family of some thirty languages, spoken by Turkic peoples across a vast area from Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean Sea to Siberia and Western China, and are sometimes considered to be part of the proposed Altaic languages....
 Cherkess (Çerkes) and is not the self-designation of any people. It has sometimes been applied indiscriminately to all the peoples of the North Caucasus
Caucasus

The Caucasus or Caucas is a geopolitical region located between Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. It is home to Europe's highest mountain ....
, including the Mamluk
Mamluk

A mamluk was a slavery soldier who converted to Islam and served the Muslim caliphs and the Ayyubid sultans from the 9th to the 13th centuries....
s. Most specifically, the term can apply only to the Adyghe people. Today a significant number of "Circassians" live in diaspora
Diaspora

The term diaspora refers to the movement of any population sharing common ethnicity identity who were either forced to leave or voluntarily left their Settler territory, and became residents in areas often far removed from the former....
.

More commonly it has referred to all the peoples of the northwest Caucasus:

The term's vagueness stems largely from the fact that the northern Caucasus was a remote and relatively unknown area for Westerners and Turks, who often did not distinguish carefully among similar groups living there.

1763 to 1864, the Circassians fought against the Russians in the Russian-Circassian War
Russian-Circassian War

The Russian-Circassian War refers to a series of battles and wars in Circassia, the northwestern part of the Caucasus, which were part of the Russian Empire's conquest of the Caucasus lasting approximately 150 years, starting under the reign of Tsar Peter the Great and being completed in 1864....
 only succumbing to a scorched earth campaign initiated in 1862 under General Yevdokimov. Afterwards, large numbers of Circassians were exiled and deported to the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire , also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey , was an empire that lasted from 1299?1923. It was Treaty of Lausanne by the Republic of Turkey, which was officially proclaimed on October 29, 1923....
; others were resettled in Russia far from their home territories.

assians began arriving in the Levant
Levant

The Levant describes, traditionally, the Eastern Mediterranean at large, but can be used as a geographical term that denotes a large area in Western Asia formed by the lands bordering the Eastern shores of the Mediterranean, roughly bounded on the north by the Taurus Mountains, on the south by the Arabian Desert, and on the west by the M...
 in the 1860s and 1870s through resettlement by the Ottoman Empire.






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Encyclopedia


Circassians is a term derived from the Turkic
Turkic languages

The Turkic languages constitute a language family of some thirty languages, spoken by Turkic peoples across a vast area from Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean Sea to Siberia and Western China, and are sometimes considered to be part of the proposed Altaic languages....
 Cherkess (Çerkes) and is not the self-designation of any people. It has sometimes been applied indiscriminately to all the peoples of the North Caucasus
Caucasus

The Caucasus or Caucas is a geopolitical region located between Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. It is home to Europe's highest mountain ....
, including the Mamluk
Mamluk

A mamluk was a slavery soldier who converted to Islam and served the Muslim caliphs and the Ayyubid sultans from the 9th to the 13th centuries....
s. Most specifically, the term can apply only to the Adyghe people. Today a significant number of "Circassians" live in diaspora
Diaspora

The term diaspora refers to the movement of any population sharing common ethnicity identity who were either forced to leave or voluntarily left their Settler territory, and became residents in areas often far removed from the former....
.

More commonly it has referred to all the peoples of the northwest Caucasus:
  • Adyghe ("Circassians" in the narrowest sense),
  • Adyghe ("Circassians" in broader sense, inhabitants of Circassia
    Circassia

    Circassia, also known as Cherkessia in Russian, is a region in Caucasus. Historically it comprised the southern half of the current Krasnodar Krai and most of the interior of the current Stavropol Krai, but now only refers to a portion of the Karachay-Cherkessia Republic, Adyghe Republic and Kabardino-Balkaria Republic of the Russian...
    , including Cherkes
    Cherkes

    Cherkes are an ethnic group of the northwestern Caucasus region and are a part of the Adyghe people nation. Principally inhabiting northern Karachay-Cherkessia as well as four villages of Adygeya: Khodz, Blechepsin, Koshekhabl, and Ulyap....
    , Shapsugs
    Shapsugs

    Shapsugs are a people of the Adyghe people branch, whom are currently living in Tuapsinsky District of Krasnodar Krai, Lazarevsky City District of Sochi, and in the Adygea in Russia, those areas are a small part of historical Circassia, in addition to diaspora Jordan, Turkey, Israil, Syria, Europe, United States of America)....
     and Kabardin),
  • Plus Abkhaz
    Abkhaz people

    The Abkhazians or Abkhaz are a Caucasus ethnic group, mainly living in Republic of Abkhazia. A large Abkhazian diaspora lives in Turkey who are descendants of Abkhazians who emigrated from the Caucasus in the late 19th century as part of Muhajir ....
    , Abazins
    Abazins

    The Abazins are a people who live mostly in Karachay-Cherkessia and Adygeya of Russia. An Abazin diaspora exists in Turkey, Jordan, Syria, Egypt and various other Arab countries, most of which are descendants of refugees from the Caucasian War with the Imperial Russia....
     and Ubykh
    Ubykh people

    }Ubykh people are a group who spoke the Northwest Caucasian languages Ubykh language, until other local languages displaced it and its last speaker finally died in 1992....
     (linguistically vanished) ("Circassians" in the broadest sense).


The term's vagueness stems largely from the fact that the northern Caucasus was a remote and relatively unknown area for Westerners and Turks, who often did not distinguish carefully among similar groups living there.

Circassian diaspora

From 1763 to 1864, the Circassians fought against the Russians in the Russian-Circassian War
Russian-Circassian War

The Russian-Circassian War refers to a series of battles and wars in Circassia, the northwestern part of the Caucasus, which were part of the Russian Empire's conquest of the Caucasus lasting approximately 150 years, starting under the reign of Tsar Peter the Great and being completed in 1864....
 only succumbing to a scorched earth campaign initiated in 1862 under General Yevdokimov. Afterwards, large numbers of Circassians were exiled and deported to the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire , also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey , was an empire that lasted from 1299?1923. It was Treaty of Lausanne by the Republic of Turkey, which was officially proclaimed on October 29, 1923....
; others were resettled in Russia far from their home territories.

Middle East

Circassians began arriving in the Levant
Levant

The Levant describes, traditionally, the Eastern Mediterranean at large, but can be used as a geographical term that denotes a large area in Western Asia formed by the lands bordering the Eastern shores of the Mediterranean, roughly bounded on the north by the Taurus Mountains, on the south by the Arabian Desert, and on the west by the M...
 in the 1860s and 1870s through resettlement by the Ottoman Empire. Even today, various communities of Caucasian origin living in the Middle East
Middle East

File:GreaterMiddleEast1.pngThe Middle East is a region that spans southwestern Asia, western Asia, and northeastern Africa. It has no clear boundaries, often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East....
, notably Jordan
Jordan

Jordan , officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern part of the Syrian Desert down to the Gulf of Aqaba....
 and Syria
Syria

Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is an Arab-majority country in Southwest Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Israel to the southwest, Jordan to the south, Iraq to the east, and Turkey to the north....
 and small communities in Israel
Israel

Israel officially the State of Israel , is a country in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area....
, are known as Circassians, and a suburb of Damascus
Damascus

Damascus is the capital and largest city of Syria. It is List of oldest continuously inhabited cities and its current population is estimated at about 4,000,000....
 settled by these people is called Al-charkassiyya. Modern Amman
Amman

Amman , sometimes spelled Ammann , is the Capital city of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, a city of 2,525,000 inhabitants , and the administrative capital and commercial center of Jordan....
 was reborn after Circassians settled there in 1878 or 1887 along with other important Pre-Jordanian towns, and the first wave of Circassians who settled in Amman was from the Shapsug-Shapsigh tribe, and as a result the first four Mayors of Amman (1905–1920) were Circassians, before the establishment of Transjordan
Transjordan

The Emirate of Transjordan was a former Ottoman Empire territory incorporated into the British Mandate of Palestine in 1921 as an autonomous political division under Abdullah I of Jordan....
 by the Hashemite Emir Abdullah. The Circassians were strong supporters of the Emir, hand by hand with the Jordanian Beduin tribes. During the French Mandate
French Mandate of Syria

The French Mandate of Syria was a League of Nations Mandate created after the First World War and the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire. During the two years that followed the end of the war in 1918, and according to the Sykes-Picot Agreement which was signed between Britain and France during the war, the British held control of the Ottoman...
 period in Syria
Syria

Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is an Arab-majority country in Southwest Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Israel to the southwest, Jordan to the south, Iraq to the east, and Turkey to the north....
, in the 1930s, some Circassians in the mostly Circassian town of Al-Quneitra
Quneitra

Quneitra is the largely destroyed and abandoned Capital of the Quneitra Governorate in south-western Syria. It is situated in a high valley in the Golan Heights at an elevation of 1,010 metres above sea level....
 tried to convince the French authorities to create a Circassian national home for them in the Golan Heights
Golan Heights

The Golan Heights is a contested, strategic plateau and mountainous region at the southern end of the Anti-Lebanon Mountains. The term Golan Heights actually has two separate meanings, one geography and one political:...
, but failed in their attempt. The objective was to group the large numbers of Circassians already living in Turkey
Turkey

Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in southwest Asia and Thrace in the Balkans region of Southern Europe....
 and in various Middle Eastern countries such as Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, and Egypt.

In Israel
Israel

Israel officially the State of Israel , is a country in the Middle East located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Lebanon in the north, Syria in the northeast, Jordan in the east, and Egypt on the southwest, and contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area....
, there are also a few thousand Circassians, living mostly in Kfar Kama (2,000) and Rehaniya
Rehaniya

Rehaniya is a Circassian village about 8 km north of Safed in northern Israel. It belongs to the Merom HaGalil Regional Council....
 (1,000). These two villages were a part of a greater group of Circassian villages around the Golan Heights
Golan Heights

The Golan Heights is a contested, strategic plateau and mountainous region at the southern end of the Anti-Lebanon Mountains. The term Golan Heights actually has two separate meanings, one geography and one political:...
. The Circassians in Israel enjoy, like Druze
Druze

The Druze are a religious community found primarily in Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel and in the Palestinian territories whose traditional religion is said to have begun as an offshoot of Islam, but is unique in its incorporation of Gnosticism, Neoplatonism and other philosophies, similar to other followers of Ismaili Shi'a Islam....
, a status aparte. Circassian men are also mandated for military services.

In Syria
Syria

Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is an Arab-majority country in Southwest Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Israel to the southwest, Jordan to the south, Iraq to the east, and Turkey to the north....
, the Circassians lived in the Golan Heights. After the 1967 Arab-Israeli war, they withdrew further into Syria, specifically to Damascus. Some petitioned the U.S. in the mid-1970s for asylum. The U.S. allowed some of them to immigrate to America. They settled in New Jersey
New Jersey

New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic States and Northeastern United States regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north by New York, on the east by the Hudson River and the Atlantic Ocean, on the southwest by Delaware, and on the west by Pennsylvania....
 and New York City
New York City

The City of New York is the List of United States cities by population in the United States, while the New York metropolitan area ranks among the List of urban areas by population....
. After the Yom Kippur War
Yom Kippur War

The Yom Kippur War, Ramadan War or October War , also known as the 1973 Arab-Israeli War and the Fourth Arab-Israeli War, was fought from October 6 to October 26, 1973 by a coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria against Israel....
 two Syrian Circassian villages came back to Syrian control and some of the population started rebuilding their houses. Now the Two villages Beer ajam
Beer ajam

Beer Ajam is a Adyghe people village in the province of Quneitra in the Syrian controlled portion of the Golan Heights. It has been inhabited for about 150 years....
 and Barika are the only remaining circassian villages in the Golan Heights
Golan Heights

The Golan Heights is a contested, strategic plateau and mountainous region at the southern end of the Anti-Lebanon Mountains. The term Golan Heights actually has two separate meanings, one geography and one political:...
.

The Circassians in Syria
Syria

Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is an Arab-majority country in Southwest Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Israel to the southwest, Jordan to the south, Iraq to the east, and Turkey to the north....
 are well off. Many of them work in government, civil service or the military. All Circassians learn Arabic and English in schools, many speak Adyghe language
Adyghe language

Adyghe language is one of the two official languages of the Adygea in the Russia, the other being Russian language. It is spoken by various tribes of the Adyghe people: Abzekh, Adamey, Bzhedugh; Hatukuay, Kemirgoy, Makhosh; Natekuay, Shapsigh; Zhane , Yegerikuay, each with its own dialect....
 but they are getting fewer by time. One kindergarten in Damascus provides Adyghe language education. However there are no newspapers and few Circassian books are printed in Syria.

The Circassians of Syria were actively involved in the 1948 Arab-Israeli war. This unit, was under the leadership of Jawad Anzor. 200 Circassians were killed in action
Killed in action

Killed in action is a Casualty classification generally used by Military to describe the deaths of their own forces by other hostile forces....
. They did well but the overall failure of the resistance caused the Israeli victory, and the special Circassian unit was disbanded.

Cultural events play an important role in maintaining the ethnic identity of the Circassians. During holidays and weddings, they perform folk dances and songs in their traditional dress.

Circassian population in Syria:

  • 1990: 28,500
  • 1995: 33,800
  • 2000: 40,000


Eastern Europe

Around 1600, several emigrants from the Caucasus region, of somewhat privileged descent, settled in the then Principality of Moldavia, and became under the name "Cerchez" (pronounced [Cherkez] in Romanian
Romanian language

Romanian or Daco-Romanian ; self-designation: limba rom?na, ) is a Romance languages spoken by around 24 to 28 million people, primarily in Romania and Moldova....
) one of its 72 boyar
Boyar

A boyar or bolyar was a member of the highest rank of the Feudalism Moscovy, Kievan Rusian, Bulgarian, Wallachian, and Moldavian Aristocracy, second only to the ruling knyazs , from the 10th century through the 17th century....
 families. In time they were assimilated into the general population. However one of the last descendants of this family, Mihail Christodulo Cerchez, was a Romanian national hero in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878
Russo-Turkish War, 1877–1878

The Russo-Turkish War of 1877?1878 had its origins in a rise in nationalism in the Balkans as well as in the Russian Empiren goal of recovering territorial losses it had suffered during the Crimean War, reestablishing itself in the Black Sea and following the political movement attempting to free Balkan nations from the Ottoman Empire....
 (Osman Pasa, the Turkish
Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire , also known by its contemporaries as the Turkish Empire or Turkey , was an empire that lasted from 1299?1923. It was Treaty of Lausanne by the Republic of Turkey, which was officially proclaimed on October 29, 1923....
 commander of the Pleven
Pleven

Pleven is the seventh most populous city in Bulgaria. Located in the northern part of the country, it is the administrative centre of Pleven Province, as well as of the subordinate Pleven municipality....
 garrison, who was an Adyge himself, surrendered his sword to him at the end of the siege
Siege of Pleven

The Siege of Pleven during the Russo-Turkish War, 1877?78, saw a major struggle between the joint army of Russia and Romania; and the Ottoman Empire....
). One of the main halls of the Cotroceni
Cotroceni

Cotroceni is a neighbourhood in western Bucharest, Romania located around the Cotroceni hill, in Bucharest's Sector 5 .The Hill of Cotroceni was once covered by the forest of Vlasia, which covered most of today's Bucharest....
 palace in Bucharest
Bucharest

Bucharest is the capital city, industrial and commercial centre of Romania. It is the largest city in Romania, located in the southeast of the country, at , and lies on the banks of the D?mbovita River....
 is named "Sala Cerchez" ("Cerchez Hall") in memory of General Cerchez.

A small minority of Circassians had lived in Kosovo Polje
Kosovo Polje

Kosovo Polje or Fush? Kosova is a town and Municipalities of Kosovo in the District of Pristina of central Kosovo, at 42.63? North, 21.12? East, or approximately 8 kilometres south-west of the capital Pristina....
 since the late 1880s, which was given mention by Noel Malcolm
Noel Malcolm

Noel Robert Malcolm Fellow of the British Academy FRSL is an English historian, writer, and columnist....
 in his seminal work about that province, but they were repatriated to the Republic of Adygea
Adygea

The Republic of Adygea is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia enclaved within Krasnodar Krai. Its size is 7,600 km? with a population of almost 450,000....
 in southern Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
 in the late 1990s.

Notable Circassians


  • -Prince Adel Ciry (Jerry)- A Circassian Mujahid Prince from Qaberdey Circassian tribe - He was one of the biggest agents of Imam Mansour in his struggle against the Russian invasion of the North Caucasus


  • -Prince Ashaghwa ghwa Pshighwy- A circassian prince and commander of militant against the Russian occupation Of Circassia ( North Caucasus) in years of thirteens from nineteenth century


  • -Prince Mohammed Mirza Anzour – He is a great Qaberdian prince _ He was Imam Shiekh Shamyl's Na-aib ( Representing ) in( Chechnya- Small ) region.


  • -Prince Berzej Jerandouka – A great Circassian Wibbixh Prince & a great Mujahid Leader of the Circassian tribes - He lead more than 88 Circassian defence battles against Russian occupation To Circassia ( North Caucasus) for 24 years(1840-1864).


  • -Ghizel Bek Sharaloqa ( Qaazbek) - Lion of Circassia - Lion of west of Caucasus - prince of commander legendary militant from Shabsugh circassian tribe - the circassian prince who diligent against the Russian occupation for north years – He is the hero of Lirmentove play( A Hero from Our Times)


  • -Ismail Qazanouka Bek – A Big Circassian Mujahid leader , who lead circassian troops against the Russian occupation of Circassia( North Caucasus) in the battles of 1863 and 1864, which ended in the last battle (Akhjeb) which occurred in11-5 – 1864


  • -Beshmaf Couttsok –The second State President of the Government of the Republic of North Caucasus Nations in 1918. United


  • - Gen. Mit Usif Gonatouqua Izzet Pasha - Commander-in-Chief of the Ottoman Turkish forces sent to fight Russians in 1918 to support the independence of the Northern Caucasus


  • -Gen. Ismael Haqqy Berqouq –One of the famous Ottoman army leaders in their war against Russians in 1918 to support the independence of the northern Caucasus


  • -Ahmed Nory Tsaaghw -A circassian big writer and Teacher –He was the secretary of the( Circassian Union& Cooperation Society) in Istanbul, which was the first Circassian association established out side North Caucasus in 1908 – He was the founder of [Tsaaghw] movement for the rise and the development in North Caucasus


  • -Prince Bshi Qoy – A Young Circassian Prince( 15 years) of the Bezadough tribe –He pulled down the Russian Killer General Zats from his horse back and take his horse for himself.


  • -Prince Iindar Nougai – One of Circassian Leader Princes who shared in leading the circassian forces against the Russian occupying forces in (Western Caucasus) in the period 1830 -1864


  • - Usif Suad Naghwij- The owner and chief editor of the first circassian periodical newspaper ( Ghwaza) , which was established in Istanbul in 1911.


  • - Qazaniqqua Jabagh- He was a big circassian social reformer & a big philosopher who lived in the period 1684-1750.


  • -Khieriah Malak Khong- She was the head of the first Circassian Women Association in Diaspora ( The Union & Cooperation Circassian Society for Women) which was established in Istanbul in 1918& closed by Government in1922
  • - Ahmad Gaweed Pasha Trikht - The first chief o f the first Circassian Association in Diaspora ( The Union & Cooperation Circassian Society) , which was established in Istanbul in 1908.


  • -Professor Aitek Namitouq – A famous circassian politician & Linguistic .He published his book ( The Origin of Circassians) in 1939, & ( Old Circassian Stories & Sages) with Professor Du- Muziel


  • - Pasha Bechmerza_- A great circassian poet , who used his poets to struggle against the process of Evacuation of Circassians from their Mother land ( Circassia- North Caucasus) .


  • -Kuba Shahban- A big Circassian researcher & literature. He gathered the old Circassian poems & stories & sayings , he wrote many circassian books with Latin letters which called Kuba Shahban's Alphabatics. special


  • -Shiekh Zakeria Bakeer Khorma- He was the first chief of the Circassian charity Society , which was established in Amman in 1932.


  • -Sieza Bookh- she was the first School manager of the Circassian school which was established in Istanbul in 1918.- she published & owned the circassian magazine (Diana- Our Mother ) in 1920.


  • - Merza Pash Wasfi – He was a big officer in the Ottoman Army & become the first chief of the Circassians in Jordan until his death in 1932.


  • - Said Pasha Al-Mufti -He was the Prime minister of the Jordanian government 4 times :- in April 1950 ,14 October 1950,May 1955, & May 1956.


  • -Rasim Rushdy- A famous Circassian writer who published 5 books in the period 1947- 1949 : (This is my Nation- A Circassian speaking about his Nation) ,( Jan ) ,(Tragedy of a Nation) ,( Egypt And Circassians) & ( Islam &Freedom of Thinking)


  • -Damad Ahmed Nami Pasha- He was the first Chief President & Prime Minister of Syrian the period 1926- 1928


  • -Dr. Ahmed Mahir Pasha- A circassian Prime Minister of Egypt In 8 October 1944 & in 5 January 1954.


  • - Jawad Anzour- He was a famous Circassian Syrian army officer ,Who lead the Circassian Commandos to liberate the region of Tel –Al azizat from the occupieng Israel ian Troops in 18 Jul. 1948.


  • -Mahmod Sami Pasha Al- Baroody: A famous Egyptian National army leader, politician , & poet ..He was the prime minister of Egypt in February 1882-He was the leader of renewing & developing of the Modern Arab poetry .


  • -Khier Al- Dien Pasha Al- Tounisy- the famos prime minister of Tunisia in October 1873 & the Sader Ahdem ( prime minister ) of the Ottoman Empire in 4 Dec.1878


  • -Mohammad Sherif Pasha- He was the famous nationalist prime minister of Egypt for 4 times:- 1879,1879, 1881 1882,


  • -Ali Mahir Pasha
    Ali Mahir Pasha

    Ali Mahir Pasha was an Egyptian political figure. He served as Prime Minister of Egypt from 30 January 1936 to 9 May 1936, a second term from 18 August 1939 to 28 June 1940, a third term from 27 January 1952 to 2 March 1952 and a final fourth term from 23 July 1952 to 7 September 1952....
    - A famous Egyptian prime minister . He was the prime minister of Egypt for 4 times :- Jan.. 1936,Aug. 1939,Jan. 1952&Jul. 1952


  • -Damad Salih Pasha Karzej- Sader Ahzem( prime minister) of Ottoman Empire in Mar.1920.


  • -Mahmod Shawkat Pasha- he was A Sader Ahzam (prime minister) of Ottoman Empire inJan. 1913


  • - Mahmod Fawzi – A famous Egyptian prime minister in 1970- he was Egypt's minister for Foreigner Affairs for 16 years.


  • -Ahmad Zywar Pasha- A circassian prime minister of Egypt in Nov. 1924& Mar. 1925.


  • -Othman Jarkas Pasha Al- Biringy- he was an Egyptian Ruler of Sudan in 1824- He was the founder of Al –Khartoum city , capital of Sudan in Des. 1824


  • - Gen. Mohammad Fawzi –A Famous Egyptian Circassian leader of the Egypt army after Jun. 1967 war with Israel.
  • Nadine Haobsh
    Nadine Haobsh

    Nadine Haobsh is an American novelist, blogger and beauty journalist. She maintains a blog, "Jolie Nadine" , which has received international press....
     — American novelist, blogger and beauty journalist
  • Maria Temrjukovna
    Maria Temrjukovna

    Maria Temrjukovna was a Circassians Tsarina of the Tsardom of Russia and second wife to Ivan IV of Russia.The daughter of Muslim prince Temrjuk of Kabardia, Maria was presented to Ivan in Moscow after the death of his first wife Anastasia Romanovna....
     — Wife of Ivan the Terrible
  • Mehmet Okur
    Mehmet Okur

    Mehmet Okur is a Turkey professional basketball player who currently plays for the Utah Jazz of the NBA. He is a 211 cm power forward /Center ....
     — NBA basketball player; Dagestan
    Dagestan

    The Republic of Dagestan , older spelling Daghestan, is a federal subjects of Russia of the Russia ....
    i origin from mother's side
  • Inal
    Inal

    Inal is a village and Communes of Mauritania in Mauritania....
  • Hussein Onn
    Hussein Onn

    Hussein bin Dato' Onn who is of 3/4 Malay and 1/4 Circassians ancestry was the third Prime Minister of Malaysia, ruling from 1976 to 1981. He was granted the soubriquet Bapa Perpaduan ....
     — Former Prime Minister of Malaysia
    Prime Minister of Malaysia

    The Prime Minister of Malaysia is the indirectly elected head of government of Malaysia. He is formally appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the head of state, and is invariably the leader of the largest party in the Dewan Rakyat, the elected lower house of Parliament of Malaysia....
     with 1/4 Circassian ancestry.
  • Kyzbech Tuguzhoko
  • Yuri Kalmykov
  • Yuri Temirkanov
    Yuri Temirkanov

    Yuri Khatuevich Temirkanov is a Russian conducting of Circassian origin.Yuri Temirkanov has been the Music Director and Chief Conductor of the Saint Petersburg Philharmonic since 1988....
  • Sinemis Candemir — Actress
  • Yasar Dogu
    Yasar Dogu

    Yasar Dogu , was a legendary Turkey Amateur wrestling and trainer, who won the gold medal in the Welterweight class of Men's Freestyle wrestling Wrestling at the Turkey at the 1948 Summer Olympics....
     — Wrestler, 1948 Olympic Gold medalist
  • Gazanfer Bilge
    Gazanfer Bilge

    Gazanfer Bilge was a Turkey Amateur wrestling who won the gold medal in the Featherweight class of Men's Freestyle wrestling Wrestling at the Turkey at the 1948 Summer Olympics....
     — Wrestler, 1948 Olympic Gold medalist
  • Hamit Kaplan
    Hamit Kaplan

    Hamit Kaplan , was a renowned circassians - Turkish people World and Olympic champion sports wrestler in the Heavyweight class. He won the gold, silver and bronze medal in Men's Freestyle wrestling Wrestling at three consecutive Olympic Games in Turkey at the 1956 Summer Olympics, Turkey at the 1960 Summer Olympics and Turkey at the 19...
     — Wrestler, 1956 Olympic Gold medalist
  • Mahmut Atalay
    Mahmut Atalay

    Mahmut Atalay , was a Turkish people World champion and Olympic medalist sports wrestler in the Welterweight class and a trainer. He won the bronze medal at the Turkey at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Men's Freestyle wrestling and the gold medal at the Turkey at the 1968 Summer Olympics....
     — Wrestler, 1968 Olympic Gold medalist
  • Yusuf Izzet Met — Famous Turkish soldier officially known as brother-in-arms of
  • Osman Mazukabzov — “Creator” of Circassian Internet; Internet entrepreneur who developed and managed the majority of the most famous Internet projects regarding Circassians, including http://www.adyga.org and http://www.kavkazweb.net
  • Ekrem Alican — Politician
  • Talat Aydemir — Military figure who twice attempted military coup (1962, 1963)
  • Rauf Orbay
    Rauf Orbay

    Huseyin Rauf Orbay was a Turkish people naval officer and statesman, born in Istanbul.As an officer in the Ottoman Navy, he achieved fame for his actions as the captain of the cruiser Hamidiye during the First Balkan War....
     — Politician
  • Türkan Soray
    Türkan Soray

    T?rkan Soray is a Turkish people film actress....
     — Actress
  • Bibras Natkho
    Bibras Natkho

    Bibras Natkho is an Israeli Circassians Football er, playing for Hapoel Tel Aviv F.C. but is best noted as the captain of the Israel national under-19 football team....
     — Captain, Israel national olympic football team
  • Çerkes Ethem
    Çerkes Ethem

    ?erkes Ethem was a Turkey militia leader of Circassian origin who initially gained fame for fighting against the Allied powers invading Anatolia during the World War I and afterwards during the Turkish War of Independence....
     — Important Turkish Military Hero
  • Vladimir Bereghwn (Baragunov) — The quintessential Circassian minstrel of the 20th century
  • Qezenoqwe Zhebaghi (Zhebaghi Qezenoqwe) - Legendary 18th-century Circassian philosopher and statesman
  • Alim Ch'ischoqwe (Keshokov) Kabardian literary giant of the 20th century
  • Mohydeen Izzat Quandour
    Mohydeen Izzat Quandour

    Mohydeen Izzat Quandour was born in 1938, in Amman, Jordan, in a family of 19th century Circassian Immigrants. Well known in the circassian community as the author of the Kavkas trilogy he is also an accomplished music composer and film director....
     — The archetypal Circassian diapsora writer, intellectual, film producer and director, and musician
  • Lyuba Belaghi (Balagova) — Circassian writer (works available in Circassian, English and Russian)
  • Seteney Khalid Shami — The most prominent researcher into Circassian identity issues (works available on web)
  • Prince Sanjalay Qanqilish Zhileghwet Yidar (Sunchaley Yanglichev Idarov) - Medieval Kabardian Prince of the 16th/17th centuries. Immortalized in a number of songs ('Senjelay yi Wered'='The Song of Prince Sanjalay')
  • Ziramikw Qardenghwsch' (Kardangushev) — The most accomplished and published bard of the 20th century
  • B. Kh. Bghezchnoqwe (Bgazhnokov) — Kabardian folklorist and culturalist
  • Asker Hedeghel'e — Most important Adigean writer and folklorist of the 20th century
  • Yis-heq Meshbash — Iconic Adigean author of the 20th century
  • Hesen Qarden (Kardanov) — One of the pioneers of Circassian classical music
  • Askerbi Shorten (Shortanov) — Iconic Kabardian author of the 20th century
  • Shora B. Negwme (Nogmov) — One of the first published Circassian writers of the 19th century
  • Buba M. Qarden (Kardanov) — One of the greatest (Kabardian Circassian) lexicographers
  • M. A. Kumakhov (Qwmaxwe) — Published (Kabardian) Circassian linguist
  • G. Kh. Mambetov (Mambet) — Published Circassian culturalist and folklorist
  • M. A. Meretukov (Meretiqwe) — Published Circassian anthropologist
  • Aliy Schojents'ik'w — Schojents'ik'w (1900-1942) was a great master of the Circassian language, penning many poems and works of fiction, like The Young Hero.
  • Faruk Gec - Famous Turkish Artist and Journalist(Abkhazian origin)
  • Abdul Hamid II
    Abdul Hamid II

    Abd?lhamid II, Abdul Hamid II or Abd Al-Hamid II Khan Ghazi, His Imperial Majesty, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire was the 34th sultan of the Ottoman Empire....
     — Ottoman sultan, son of the Circassian Tirimujgan, one of the wives of the sultan Abdulmecid
  • Abdülhak Hâmid Tarhan — Turkish
    Turkey

    Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in southwest Asia and Thrace in the Balkans region of Southern Europe....
     poet and playwright, son of a Circassian mother
  • Sansal Buyuka - Journalist
  • Hincal Uluc - Journalist
  • Nefise Karatay
    Nefise Karatay

    Nefise Karatay is a Turkish people actress....
    - Model
  • Deniz Akkaya
    Deniz Akkaya

    Deniz Akkaya is a Turkish people fashion model and film actress....
     - Model
  • Ediz Hun
    Ediz Hun

    Ediz Hun is a famous Turkey film actor....
     - Actor
  • Can Bartu
    Can Bartu

    Can Bartu is a Turkey former basketball and football player. He is currently a sports journalist.He started to play basketball for Fenerbah?e and was a six-time international representative with the Turkey national basketball team....
     - Football Player
  • Oguz Cetin
    Oguz Çetin

    Oguz ?etin was a well-known football player in the Turkish Premier Super League. He made his debut with Sakaryaspor and started to play regularly for Fenerbah?e in 1988....
     - Football Player
  • Suleyman Seba - Ex-President of Besiktas Football Club


See also

  • Circassian beauties
    Circassian beauties

    Circassian beauties were women of the Circassians of the Caucasus mountain range in Circassia, Northern Caucasus. A fairly extensive literary history suggests that Circassian women were unusually beautiful, spirited and elegant, and as such were desirable as slave concubines....
  • Cherkes
    Cherkes

    Cherkes are an ethnic group of the northwestern Caucasus region and are a part of the Adyghe people nation. Principally inhabiting northern Karachay-Cherkessia as well as four villages of Adygeya: Khodz, Blechepsin, Koshekhabl, and Ulyap....
  • Mamluk
    Mamluk

    A mamluk was a slavery soldier who converted to Islam and served the Muslim caliphs and the Ayyubid sultans from the 9th to the 13th centuries....


External links