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Cinnamic acid

 
Cinnamic Acid

 
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Cinnamic acid
 
 
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Cinnamic acid has the formula C6H5CHCHCOOH and is a white crystalline acid
Acid

An acid is traditionally considered any chemical compound that, when dissolved in water, gives a solution with a hydrogen ion Activity greater than in pure water, i.e....
, which is slightly soluble in water. It has a melting point
Melting point

The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes states of matter from solid to liquid. At the melting point the solid and liquid phase exist in equilibrium....
 of 133°C and a boiling point
Boiling point

The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the environmental pressure surrounding the liquid....
 of 300°C.

It is obtained from oil of cinnamon
Cinnamon

Cinnamon is a small evergreen tree 10?15 metres tall, belonging to the family Lauraceae, and is native to Sri Lanka.The leaf are ovate-oblong in shape, 7?18 cm long....
, or from balsam
Balsam

Balsam is a term used for various pleasantly scented plant products. These are oily or gummy oleoresins, usually containing benzoic acid or cinnamic acid, obtained from the exudates of various trees and shrubs and used as a base for some botanical medicines....
s such as storax
Storax

Storax is the resinous exudate of the Sweetgum , occasionally used in incense or as an aromatic fixative in perfumery. It was used in Eduard Simon's experiments from 1835-1839, eventually leading to the discovery of polystyrene, the first man-made polymer....
. It is also found in shea butter
Shea butter

Shea butter or Shea nut butter is a slightly yellowish or ivory-colored natural fat extracted from fruit of the shea tree by crushing and boiling....
 and is the best indication of its environmental history and post-extraction conditions. It can also be made synthetically.

Cinnamic acid is used in flavours, synthetic indigo, and certain pharmaceuticals, though its primary use is in the manufacturing of the methyl, ethyl, and benzyl esters for the perfume industry.






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Cinnamic acid has the formula C6H5CHCHCOOH and is a white crystalline acid
Acid

An acid is traditionally considered any chemical compound that, when dissolved in water, gives a solution with a hydrogen ion Activity greater than in pure water, i.e....
, which is slightly soluble in water. It has a melting point
Melting point

The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes states of matter from solid to liquid. At the melting point the solid and liquid phase exist in equilibrium....
 of 133°C and a boiling point
Boiling point

The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the environmental pressure surrounding the liquid....
 of 300°C.

It is obtained from oil of cinnamon
Cinnamon

Cinnamon is a small evergreen tree 10?15 metres tall, belonging to the family Lauraceae, and is native to Sri Lanka.The leaf are ovate-oblong in shape, 7?18 cm long....
, or from balsam
Balsam

Balsam is a term used for various pleasantly scented plant products. These are oily or gummy oleoresins, usually containing benzoic acid or cinnamic acid, obtained from the exudates of various trees and shrubs and used as a base for some botanical medicines....
s such as storax
Storax

Storax is the resinous exudate of the Sweetgum , occasionally used in incense or as an aromatic fixative in perfumery. It was used in Eduard Simon's experiments from 1835-1839, eventually leading to the discovery of polystyrene, the first man-made polymer....
. It is also found in shea butter
Shea butter

Shea butter or Shea nut butter is a slightly yellowish or ivory-colored natural fat extracted from fruit of the shea tree by crushing and boiling....
 and is the best indication of its environmental history and post-extraction conditions. It can also be made synthetically.

Cinnamic acid is used in flavours, synthetic indigo, and certain pharmaceuticals, though its primary use is in the manufacturing of the methyl, ethyl, and benzyl esters for the perfume industry. Cinnamic acid has a "honey, floral odor" (Merck Index); it and its more volatile ethyl ester
Ester

An ester is an often Aroma compound organic chemistry or partially organic compound formed by the reaction between an acid and an alcohol or aromatic alcohol with the elimination of water....
 (ethyl cinnamate
Ethyl cinnamate

Ethyl cinnamate is the ester of cinnamic acid and ethanol. It is present in the essential oil of cinnamon; pure ethyl cinnamate has a "fruity and balsamic odor, reminiscent of cinnamon with an amber note" ....
) are flavour components in the essential oil of cinnamon
Cinnamon

Cinnamon is a small evergreen tree 10?15 metres tall, belonging to the family Lauraceae, and is native to Sri Lanka.The leaf are ovate-oblong in shape, 7?18 cm long....
, in which related cinnamaldehyde
Cinnamaldehyde

Cinnamic aldehyde or cinnamaldehyde is the chemical compound that gives cinnamon its flavor and odor.Cinnamaldehyde occurs naturally in the bark of cinnamon trees and other species of the genus Cinnamomum like camphor and cassia....
 is the major constituent. Cinnamic acid is also part of the biosynthetic shikimate and phenylpropanoid
Phenylpropanoid

Phenylpropanoids are a class of plant-derived organic compounds that are biosynthesized from the amino acid phenylalanine. They have a wide variety of functions, including defense against Herbivory, microbial attack, or other sources of injury; as structural components of cell walls; as protection from ultraviolet light; as pigments; and as...
 pathways. Its biosynthesis
Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis is a phenomenon wherein chemical compounds are produced from simpler reagents. Biosynthesis, unlike chemosynthesis, takes place within living organisms and is generally catalyst by enzymes....
 is performed by action of the enzyme
Enzyme

Enzymes are biomolecules that catalysis chemical reactions. Almost all enzymes are proteins. In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process are called Substrate , and the enzyme converts them into different molecules, the products....
 phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase

In enzymology, a phenylalanine ammonia-lyase is an enzyme that catalysis the chemical reactionHence, this enzyme has one substrate , L-phenylalanine, and two product , trans-cinnamate and ammonia....
 (PAL) on phenylalanine
Phenylalanine

Phenylalanine is an a-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCHCH2C6H5, which is found naturally in the breast milk of mammals and manufactured for food and drink products and are also sold as nutritional supplements for their reputed analgesic and antidepressant effects....
.

Cinnamic acid is soluble in diethyl ether
Diethyl ether

Diethyl ether, also known as ether and ethoxyethane, is a clear, colorless, and highly flammable liquid with a low boiling point and a characteristic odor....
, insoluble in hexane
Hexane

Hexane is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula CH34CH3 or C6H14. The "hex" prefix refers to its six carbons, while the "ane" ending indicates that its carbons are connected by single bonds....
.