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Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (tr.
Romanization of Russian

Romanization of the Russian alphabet is the process of transliteration the Russian language from the Cyrillic alphabet into the Latin alphabet. Such transliteration is necessary for writing Russian names and other words in the alphabet of one's own language....
: Chukotsky avtonomny okrug; Chukchi
Chukchi language

The Chukchi language also known as Luoravetlan, Chukot and Chukcha is a Palaeosiberian languages spoken by Chukchi people in the easternmost extremity of Siberia, mainly in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug....
: ?????????? ???????????? ?????), or Chukotka , is a federal subject
Federal subjects of Russia

Russia is a federation which consists of 83 subjects. These subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal representation?two delegates each?in the Federation Council of Russia ....
 of Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
 (an autonomous okrug) located in the Far Eastern
Far Eastern Federal District

The Far Eastern Federal District , is the largest of the seven federal districts of Russia of Russia, while being also the least populated, with a population of under 7 million....
 Federal District
Federal districts of Russia

The federal districts are a level of administration for the convenience of the federal government of the Russian Federation. They are not the constituent units of Russia ....
.

It is the most northeasterly region of Russia and, since the sale
Alaska purchase

The Alaska Purchase by the United States from the Russian Empire occurred in 1867 at the behest of Secretary of State William H. Seward. The territory purchased was 586,412 square miles of the modern state of Alaska....
 of Alaska
Alaska

Alaska is the largest U.S. state of the United States by area; it is situated in the northwest extremity of the North American continent, with Canada to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the west and south, with Russia further west across the Bering Strait....
 to the United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
, has been the only part of Russia lying partially in the Western Hemisphere
Western Hemisphere

The Western Hemisphere, also Western hemisphere or western hemisphere, is a geography term for the half of the Earth that lies west of the Prime Meridian , the other half being the Eastern Hemisphere....
. It is bordered on the east by the Bering Sea
Bering Sea

The Bering Sea is a body of water in the Pacific Ocean that comprises a deep water basin, which then rises through a narrow slope into the shallower water above the continental shelf....
, part of the Pacific Ocean
Pacific Ocean

The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. Its name is derived from the Latin name Mare Pacificum, "peaceful sea", bestowed upon it by the Portugal explorer Ferdinand Magellan....
, and to the north by the Chukchi Sea
Chukchi Sea

Chukchi Sea is a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean. It is bounded on the west by the De Long Strait, off Wrangel Island, and in the east by Point Barrow, Alaska, beyond which lies the Beaufort Sea....
 and the East Siberian Sea
East Siberian Sea

The East Siberian Sea is a marginal sea in the Arctic Ocean. It is located between the Arctic Cape in the North, the coast of Siberia in the South, the New Siberian Islands in the West and Cape Billings, close to Gytkhelen, Chukotka, and Wrangel Island in the East....
, which are part of the Arctic Ocean
Arctic Ocean

The Arctic Ocean, located in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Arctic North Pole region, is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceanic divisions....
.






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Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (tr.
Romanization of Russian

Romanization of the Russian alphabet is the process of transliteration the Russian language from the Cyrillic alphabet into the Latin alphabet. Such transliteration is necessary for writing Russian names and other words in the alphabet of one's own language....
: Chukotsky avtonomny okrug; Chukchi
Chukchi language

The Chukchi language also known as Luoravetlan, Chukot and Chukcha is a Palaeosiberian languages spoken by Chukchi people in the easternmost extremity of Siberia, mainly in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug....
: ?????????? ???????????? ?????), or Chukotka , is a federal subject
Federal subjects of Russia

Russia is a federation which consists of 83 subjects. These subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal representation?two delegates each?in the Federation Council of Russia ....
 of Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
 (an autonomous okrug) located in the Far Eastern
Far Eastern Federal District

The Far Eastern Federal District , is the largest of the seven federal districts of Russia of Russia, while being also the least populated, with a population of under 7 million....
 Federal District
Federal districts of Russia

The federal districts are a level of administration for the convenience of the federal government of the Russian Federation. They are not the constituent units of Russia ....
.

It is the most northeasterly region of Russia and, since the sale
Alaska purchase

The Alaska Purchase by the United States from the Russian Empire occurred in 1867 at the behest of Secretary of State William H. Seward. The territory purchased was 586,412 square miles of the modern state of Alaska....
 of Alaska
Alaska

Alaska is the largest U.S. state of the United States by area; it is situated in the northwest extremity of the North American continent, with Canada to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the west and south, with Russia further west across the Bering Strait....
 to the United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
, has been the only part of Russia lying partially in the Western Hemisphere
Western Hemisphere

The Western Hemisphere, also Western hemisphere or western hemisphere, is a geography term for the half of the Earth that lies west of the Prime Meridian , the other half being the Eastern Hemisphere....
. It is bordered on the east by the Bering Sea
Bering Sea

The Bering Sea is a body of water in the Pacific Ocean that comprises a deep water basin, which then rises through a narrow slope into the shallower water above the continental shelf....
, part of the Pacific Ocean
Pacific Ocean

The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. Its name is derived from the Latin name Mare Pacificum, "peaceful sea", bestowed upon it by the Portugal explorer Ferdinand Magellan....
, and to the north by the Chukchi Sea
Chukchi Sea

Chukchi Sea is a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean. It is bounded on the west by the De Long Strait, off Wrangel Island, and in the east by Point Barrow, Alaska, beyond which lies the Beaufort Sea....
 and the East Siberian Sea
East Siberian Sea

The East Siberian Sea is a marginal sea in the Arctic Ocean. It is located between the Arctic Cape in the North, the coast of Siberia in the South, the New Siberian Islands in the West and Cape Billings, close to Gytkhelen, Chukotka, and Wrangel Island in the East....
, which are part of the Arctic Ocean
Arctic Ocean

The Arctic Ocean, located in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Arctic North Pole region, is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceanic divisions....
. Chukotka has an area of and a population of 53,824 according to the 2002 Census
Russian Census (2002)

Russian Census of 2002 was the first census of the Russian Federation carried out on October 9 through October 16, 2002. It was carried out by the Goskomstat ....
. The principal town and administrative center is Anadyr
Anadyr (town)

Anadyr is a types of inhabited localities in Russia and the administrative centre of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, the extreme north-eastern region of Russia....
.

Lake El'gygytgyn
Elgygytgyn Lake

Lake El'gygytgyn is located on the Chukchi Peninsula in north-east Siberia. It is approximately 15 km in diameter and has a maximum depth of 175 m....
, an important site for scientific research on climate change, is located in Chukotka, as is the village of Uelen
Uelen

Uelen is a types of settlements in Russia just south of the Arctic Circle in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug in the Russian Far East. Located near Cape Dezhnev where the Bering Sea meets the Chukchi Sea, it is the Extreme points of Russia and the whole Eurasia....
, the closest substantial Russian settlement to the United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
.

History

Chukotka was formerly an autonomous okrug subsumed within Magadan Oblast
Magadan Oblast

Magadan Oblast is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia in the Far Eastern Federal District federal districts of Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Magadan....
, but it declared its independence in 1991, a move that was confirmed by the Russian Constitutional Court in 1993.

Traditionally the home of the native Chukchi people, Siberian Yupik
Siberian Yupik

Siberian Yupiks, or Yuits, are indigenous people who reside along the coast of the Chukchi Peninsula in the far Russian Far East of the Russia and on St....
s, Koryaks
Koryaks

Koryaks are an indigenous people of Kamchatka Krai in the Russian Far East, who inhabit the coastlands of the Bering Sea to the south of the Anadyr River basin and the country to the immediate north of the Kamchatka Peninsula, the southernmost limit of their range being Tigilsk....
, Chuvans
Chuvans

Chuvans are one of the forty or so "northern indigenous peoples of Russia" recognized by the Russian government. Most Chuvans today live within Chukotka Autonomous Okrug in the far northeast of Russia....
, Evens
Evens

The Evens or Eveny are a people in Siberia and the Russian Far East. They live in some of the regions of the Magadan Oblast and Kamchatka Krai and northern parts of Sakha Republic east of the Lena River....
/Lamuts, Yukagirs, and Russian Old Settlers, the region was subject to collectivisation and forced settlement during the times of the Soviet Union
Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a Constitution of the Soviet Union socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.The name is a translation of the , romanization of Russian Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated ????, SSSR....
.

Economy

Chukotka has large reserves of oil
Petroleum

Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring, flammable liquid found in rock formations in the Earth consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights, plus other organic compounds....
, natural gas
Natural gas

Natural gas is a gas consisting primarily of methane. It is found associated with fossil fuels, in coal beds, as methane clathrates, and is created by methanogenic organisms in marshes, bogs, and landfills....
, coal
Coal

Coal is a readily combustion black or brownish-black sedimentary rock. The harder forms, such as anthracite, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure....
, gold
Gold

Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au and atomic number 79. It is a highly sought-after precious metal, having been used as money, as a store of value, in jewelry, in sculpture, and for ornamentation since the beginning of recorded history....
, and tungsten
Tungsten

Tungsten , also known as wolfram , is a chemical element that has the symbol W and atomic number 74.A steel-gray metal, tungsten is found in several ores, including wolframite and scheelite....
, which are slowly being exploited, but much of the rural population survives on subsistence reindeer
Reindeer

The reindeer , also known as the caribou when wild in North America, is an Arctic and Subarctic-dwelling deer, widespread and numerous across the northern Holarctic....
 herding, hunting
Hunting

Hunting is the practice of pursuing living animals for food, recreation, or trade. In present-day use, the term refers to lawful hunting, as distinguished from poaching, which is the killing, trapping or capture of the hunted species contrary to law....
, and fishing
Fishing

Fishing is the activity of catching fish. Fishing techniques include Fish net, Fish trap, Spearfishing, angling and Gathering seafood by hand. The term fishing may be applied to catching other aquatic animals such as different types of shellfish, squid, octopus, turtles, Edible frog and some edible marine invertebrates....
. The urban population is employed in mining
Mining

Mining is the extraction of value minerals or other geology materials from the earth, usually from an ore body, vein or seam. Materials recovered by mining include base metals, precious metals, iron, uranium, coal, diamonds, limestone, oil shale, Sodium chloride and potash....
, administration, construction, cultural work, education, medicine, and other occupations.

Administrative divisions


Demographics

Population (2002): 53,824

Ethnic groups: Indigenous peoples make up less than one third of the total population. According to the 2002 Census
Russian Census (2002)

Russian Census of 2002 was the first census of the Russian Federation carried out on October 9 through October 16, 2002. It was carried out by the Goskomstat ....
 the ‘national composition’ was • Russian
Russians

The Russian people are an East Slavs ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries.The English language term Russians is used to refer to the citizens of Russia, regardless of their ethnicity ; in Russian language, the demonym Russian is translated as Rossiyanin ....
 51.86% • Chukchi 23.45% • Ukrainian
Ukrainians

Ukrainians are an East Slavs ethnic group primarily living in Ukraine, or more broadly?citizens of Ukraine . Some 200 years ago and times prior to that, Ukrainians were usually referred to and known as Rusyny ....
 9.22% • Eskimo 2.85% • Even
Evens

The Evens or Eveny are a people in Siberia and the Russian Far East. They live in some of the regions of the Magadan Oblast and Kamchatka Krai and northern parts of Sakha Republic east of the Lena River....
 2.61% • Chuvan
Chuvans

Chuvans are one of the forty or so "northern indigenous peoples of Russia" recognized by the Russian government. Most Chuvans today live within Chukotka Autonomous Okrug in the far northeast of Russia....
 1.778% • Tatar
Tatars

Tatars , sometimes spelled Tartars, refers to a Turkic people ethnic group mainly inhabiting Russia, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan, Bulgaria, Romania, Lithuania, and Poland....
 0.99% • Belarusians
Belarusians

Belarusians or Belorussians are an East Slavs ethnic group who populate the majority of the Belarus and form minorities in neighboring Poland , Russia, Lithuania and Ukraine....
 0.96% • Yukaghir
Yukaghir

The Yukaghir, or Yukagirs are a people in East Siberia, living in the drainage basin of the Kolyma River....
 0.34% • Chuvash
Chuvash people

The Chuvash are a Turkic languages-speaking people. According to the Russian census of 2002, the Chuvash population in Russia numbered 1 637 200; 889 268 of these lived in Chuvashia....
 0.30% • Moldovan
Moldovans

Moldovans or Moldavians are the native population of the medieval Principality of Moldavia, which nowadays corresponds to 8 north-eastern counties of Romania , the Republic of Moldova, and small parts of Ukraine ....
 0.24% • Buriat 0.22% • German 0.22% • Bashkir
Bashkirs

The Bashkirs, a Turkic people, live in Russia, mostly in the republic of Bashkortostan. Some Bashkirs also live in the republic of Tatarstan, as well as in Perm Krai and Chelyabinsk Oblast, Orenburg Oblast, Kurgan Oblast, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Samara Oblast, and Saratov Oblasts of Russia....
 0.22% • Azeri
Azeris in Russia

Aside from the large Azeri community native to Russia's Dagestan Republic, the majority of Azeris in Russia are fairly recent immigrants. Azeris started settling in Russia around the late 19th century, but their migration became intensive after World War II....
 0.20% • and a few other groups of less than one hundred persons each. In addition, 2.23% of the inhabitants chose not to specify their ethnic background on the census questionnaire. Historical figures are given below:
census 1939 census 1959 census 1970 census 1979 census 1989 census 2002
Chukchis 12,111 (56.2%) 9,975 (21.4%) 11,001 (10.9%) 11,292 (8.1%) 11,914 (7.3%) 12,622 (23.5%)
Chuvans
Chuvans

Chuvans are one of the forty or so "northern indigenous peoples of Russia" recognized by the Russian government. Most Chuvans today live within Chukotka Autonomous Okrug in the far northeast of Russia....
     944 (0.6%) 951 (1.8%)
Eskimos 800 (3.7%) 1,064 (2.3%) 1,149 (1.1%) 1,278 (0.9%) 1,452 (0.9%) 1,534 (2.9%)
Evens
Evens

The Evens or Eveny are a people in Siberia and the Russian Far East. They live in some of the regions of the Magadan Oblast and Kamchatka Krai and northern parts of Sakha Republic east of the Lena River....
 817 (3.8%) 820 (1.8%) 1,061 (1.0%) 969 (0.7%) 1,336 (0.8%) 1,407 (2.6%)
Russians
Russians

The Russian people are an East Slavs ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries.The English language term Russians is used to refer to the citizens of Russia, regardless of their ethnicity ; in Russian language, the demonym Russian is translated as Rossiyanin ....
 5,183 (24.1%) 28,318 (60.7%) 70,531 (69.7%) 96,424 (68.9%) 108,297 (66.1%) 27,918 (51.9%)
Ukrainians
Ukrainians

Ukrainians are an East Slavs ethnic group primarily living in Ukraine, or more broadly?citizens of Ukraine . Some 200 years ago and times prior to that, Ukrainians were usually referred to and known as Rusyny ....
 571 (2.7%) 3,543 (7.6%) 10,393 (10.3%) 20,122 (14.4%) 27,600 (16.8%) 4,960 (9.2%)
Others 2,055 (9.5%) 2,969 (6.4%) 7,049 (7.0%) 9,859 (7.0%) 12,391 (7.6%) 4,432 (8.2%)
All 21,537 46,689 101,194 139,944 163,934 53,824


Ethnographic maps shows the Yupik
Yupik

The Yupik or, in the Central Alaskan Yup'ik language, Yup'ik, are a group of indigenous peoples peoples of western, southwestern, and southcentral Alaska and the Russian Far East....
 Eskimos as the indigenous population of some villages near Provideniya
Provideniya

Provideniya is an urban-type settlement situated in the Provideniya Bay in the northeastern part of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia. It is located across the Bering Strait from Alaska, and is very close to the International Date Line....
, Chuvans
Chuvans

Chuvans are one of the forty or so "northern indigenous peoples of Russia" recognized by the Russian government. Most Chuvans today live within Chukotka Autonomous Okrug in the far northeast of Russia....
 in the Chuvanskoye village some 100 km west of Markovo
Markovo

Markovo may refer to:*Markovo, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, a former urban-type settlement in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia; since 1998?a village...
, the Evens
Evens

The Evens or Eveny are a people in Siberia and the Russian Far East. They live in some of the regions of the Magadan Oblast and Kamchatka Krai and northern parts of Sakha Republic east of the Lena River....
 in some inland areas, and the Chukchi
Chukchi

The term Chukchi may refer to:*Chukchi people*Chukchi language*Chukchi Peninsula*Chukchi SeaSee also*Chukotka*Chukotsky...
 throughout the rest of the region.

Vital statistics (2005)
  • Births: 795 (birth rate 15.7)
  • Deaths: 597 (death rate 11.8)


Vital Statistics for 2007:

Birth Rate: 15.94 per 1000 (13.62 for Urban Areas & 20.56 for Rural Areas)

Death Rate: 12.37 per 1000

Net Immigration: -8.2 per 1000

NGR: +0.37% per Year

PGR: -0.44% per Year (Population decreased due to emigration despite births exceeding deaths by a significant margin.)

Governor

The governor
Governor

A governor is a governing official, usually the Executive of a non-sovereign level of government, ranking under the head of state. In federations, a governor may be the title of each appointed or elected politician who governs a constitutive state....
 of Chukotka until July 3 2008, business oligarch
Business oligarch

Business oligarch is a near-synonym of the term "business magnate". The choice of the word Oligarchy denotes the significant influence such wealthy individuals may have on the life of a nation....
 Roman Abramovich
Roman Abramovich

Roman Abramovich is a Russian Jewish billionaire and the main owner of private investment company Millhouse LLC. According to Forbes magazine, as of 5 March 2008, he has had a net worth of US$23.5 billion, ranking him as the fifteenth richest person in the world....
, also the owner of Chelsea F.C.
Chelsea F.C.

Chelsea Football Club are a professional English association football club based in West London. Founded in 1905, they play in the Premier League and have spent most of their history in the top tier of Football in England....
 has spent over US$1 billion in the region on developing infrastructure and providing direct aid to the inhabitants since becoming governor in 2000. There are also reports, however, that Chukotka gave Abramovich's company Sibneft tax breaks in excess of US$450 million.

See also

  • Chukchi Peninsula
    Chukchi Peninsula

    The Chukchi Peninsula, Chukotski Peninsula or Chukotsk Peninsula , at about 66? N 172? W, is the northeastern extremity of Asia. Its eastern end is at Cape Dezhnev near the village of Uelen....


External links