Chudov Monastery

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Chudov Monastery

The Chudov Monastery (more formally known as Alexius’ Archangel Michael Monastery) was founded in the Moscow Kremlin

Moscow Kremlin

The Moscow Kremlin usually referred to as simply The Kremlin, is a historic fortified complex at the heart of Moscow, overlooking the Moskva River , Saint Basil's Cathedral and Red Square and the Alexander Garden ....
in 1358 by Metropolitan

Metropolitan bishop

In Christian churches with episcopal polity, the rank of metropolitan bishop, or simply metropolitan, pertains to the diocesan bishop or archbishop of a metropolis ; that is, the chief city of a historical Roman province, ecclesiastical province, or regional capital....
Alexius of Moscow

Alexius, Metropolitan of Moscow

Saint Alexius was metropolitan bishop of Kiev and all Russia , and presided over the Moscow government during Dmitry Donskoy's minority.Alexius, whose name at birth was Elephtherios, was a son of Fyodor Biakont, a boyar from Chernigov who settled in Moscow and founded the great Pleshcheev boyar family....
. The monastery

Monastery

Monastery , a term derived from the Greek language word ???ast?????, neut. of ???ast????? - monasterios denotes the building, or complex of buildings, that houses a room reserved for prayer as well as the domestic quarters and workplace of Monk, whether monks or nuns, and whether living in Cenobium or alone ....
was dedicated to the miracle

Miracle

File:Folio 171r - The Raising of Lazarus.jpgA miracle is a sensibly perceptible interruption of the laws of nature, such that can only be explained by divine intervention, and is sometimes associated with a miracle-worker....
(chudo in Russian) of the Archangel Michael at Chonae (feast day: ).

The construction of the monastery together with its katholikon
Katholikon

A Katholikon is the major temple of a monastery, or diocese in the Eastern Orthodox Church. The name derives from the fact that it is the largest temple where all gather together to celebrate the major feast days of the liturgical year....
(cathedral

Cathedral

A cathedral is a Christian church that contains the seat of a bishop. It is a Religion building for worship, specifically of a denomination with an episcopal hierarchy, such as the Roman Catholic Church, Anglicanism, Orthodox Christian and some Lutheranism churches, which serves as a bishop's seat, and thus as the central church of a dioc...
) was finished in 1365. The katholikon was replaced with a new one in 1431 and then once again in 1501–1503.

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Encyclopedia

The Chudov Monastery (more formally known as Alexius’ Archangel Michael Monastery) was founded in the Moscow Kremlin

Moscow Kremlin

Metropolitan bishop

Alexius, Metropolitan of Moscow

Monastery

Miracle

Cathedral

Baptism

In Christianity, baptism is the ritual act, with the use of water, by which one is admitted as a full member of the Christian Church and, in the view of some, as a member of the particular Church in which the baptism is administered....
the royal children, including future Tsar

Tsar

Tsar or czar , occasionally spelled csar or tzar in English language, is a slavs term designating certain monarchs.Originally, the title Czar meant Emperor in the European medieval sense of the term, that is, a ruler who has the same rank as a Ancient Rome or Byzantine emperor due to recognition by another emperor or...
s Feodor I

Feodor I of Russia

Fyodor I Ivanovich was the last Rurik Dynasty Tsar of Russia , son of Ivan the Terrible and Anastacia of Russia. He is known as Feodor the Bellringer in consequence of his inclination to travel the land and Russian Orthodox bell ringing at churches....
, Aleksey I and Peter the Great

Peter I of Russia

Peter I the Great or Pyotr Alexeyevich Romanov ruled Russia and later the Russian Empire from until his death, jointly ruling before 1696 with his weak and sickly half-brother, Ivan V of Russia....
. The monastery’s hegumen

Hegumen

Hegumen, hegumenos, or ihumen is the title for the head of a monastery of the Eastern Orthodox Church or Eastern Catholic Churches, similar to the one of abbot....
(abbot

Abbot

The word abbot, meaning father, is a title given to the head of a monastery in various traditions, including Christianity. The office may also be given as an honorary title to a clergyman who is not actually the head of a monastery....
) was considered the first among the hegumens of all the Russia

Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
n monasteries until 1561.

Alongside Simonov Monastery

Simonov Monastery

Simonov monastery in Moscow was established in 1370 by monk Feodor, a nephew and disciple of St Sergius of Radonezh.The monastery land formerly belonged to Simeon Khovrin, a boyar of Principality of Theodoro and progenitor of the great clan of Golovins....
and Trinity-St. Sergius Lavra, the Chudov Monastery was the biggest center of the Muscovite book culture and learning. Prominent monk

Monk

A Monk is a person who practices religious asceticism, the unconditioning of mind and body in favor of the realization of one's true nature, and does so living either alone or with any number of like-minded people, whilst always maintaining some degree of physical separation from those not sharing the same purpose....
s of the monastery, who dedicated their lives to translating and correcting ecclesiastic books, include Maximus the Greek

Maximus the Greek

Maximus the Greek, also known as Maximos the Greek or Maksim Grek His secular name was Michael Trivolis was a publicist, writer, scholar, Humanism and translator of Greeks origin, active in Russia....
, Yepifany Slavinetsky and Karion Istomin

Karion Istomin

Karion Istomin was a Russian language poet, translator, and one of the first Muscovite enlighteners .Karion Istomin was a celibate priest and then a hegumen at the Chudov Monastery....
. Gennady

Gennady (Archbishop of Novgorod)

Gennady was Archbishop of Novgorod from 1484 to 1504. He was most instrumental in fighting the Sect of Skhariya the Jew and is famous for compiling the first complete codex of the Bible in Slavic in 1499, known as the Slavic translations of the Bible....
, who as Archbishop of Novgorod

Archbishop of Novgorod

The Archbishop of Novgorod is the head of the eparchy of Novgorod the Great and is one of the oldest offices in the Russian Orthodox Church. The archbishops have, in fact, been among the most important figures in medieval Russian history and culture and their successors continued to play significant roles in Russian history up to the present...
, patronized the first complete codex

Codex

A codex is a book in the format used for modern books, with separate pages normally bound together and given a cover. It was a Roman invention that replaced the scroll, which was the first form of book in all Eurasian cultures....
of the Bible

Bible

The Bible is the central religious text of Judaism and Christianity. The exact Books of the Bible is dependent on the religious traditions of specific denominations....
in Slavic

Slavic languages

File:Slavic europe.svgThe Slavic languages , a group of closely related languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages, have speakers in most of Eastern Europe, in much of the Balkans, in parts of Central Europe, and in the northern part of Asia....
in 1499, was hegumen of the monastery prior to his archiepiscopate.

Patriarch Hermogenes

Patriarch Hermogenes

Hermogenes, or Germogen , was the List of Metropolitans and Patriarchs of Moscow from 1606. It was he who inspired the popular uprising that put an end to the Time of Troubles....
was starved to death by the Poles in the monastery vaults in 1612. The Time of Troubles

Time of Troubles

The Time of Troubles was a period of History of Russia comprising the years of interregnum between the death of the last Tsardom of Russia Tsar Feodor I of Russia of the Rurik Dynasty in 1598 and the establishment of the Romanov Dynasty in 1613....
over, they opened the Greek-Latin School with support from Patriarch Filaret

Patriarch Filaret (Feodor Romanov)

Fyodor Nikitich Romanov was a Russian boyar who after temporary disgrace rose to become patriarch of Moscow as Filaret , and became de-facto ruler of Russia during the reign of his son, Michael I of Russia....
. In 1744–1833, the cloister accommodated the Moscow

Moscow

Moscow is the capital and the largest types of inhabited localities in Russia of the Russian Federation. It is also the largest European cities and metropolitan areas, with the Moscow metropolitan area ranking among the largest urban areas in the world....
Ecclesiastic Consistory

Consistory

AntiquityOriginally, the Latin word consistorium meant simply 'sitting together', just as the Greek synedrion .In the Roman empire, it was specifically applied to a formal meeting of the Comites consistoriales, i.e....
. As time went by, new churches were added to the monastery complex. These included the Church of St Alexius the Metropolitan and the Church of the Annunciation

Annunciation

In Christianity, the Annunciation is the revelation to Mary, the mother of Jesus, by the angel Gabriel that she would Conception a child to be born the Son of God....
(both built in 1680) and the Church of Saint Andrew

Saint Andrew

Saint Andrew , called in the Eastern Orthodox Church tradition Protocletos, or the First-called, is a Christian Twelve Apostles and the younger brother of Saint Peter....
(1887).

During the French invasion of Russia (1812)

French invasion of Russia (1812)

The French invasion of Russia of 1812 was a turning point in the Napoleonic Wars. The campaign reduced the First French Empire and allied invasion forces to a tiny fraction of their initial strength....
, the French Marshal

Marshal of France

The Marshal of France is a military distinction in contemporary France, not a military rank. It is granted to generals for exceptional achievements....
Louis Nicolas Davout

Louis Nicolas Davout

Louis-Nicolas d'Avout , better known as Davout, 1st Duc d'Auerstaedt d'Auerstedt, 1st Prince d'Eckm?hl, was a Marshal of France during the Napoleonic Era....
commandeered the monastery for his own use. A painting by Vasili Vereshchagin shows Davout desecrating

Desecration

Desecration is the act of depriving something of its sacred character -- or the disrespectful or contemptuous treatment of that which is held to be sacred by a group or individual....
the cathedral, using the sanctuary itself as his office. Following the Bolshevik Revolution, the Chudov Monastery was closed down in 1918. All of its structures were dismantled in 1929, as part of the Soviet Union's

Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was a Constitution of the Soviet Union socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.The name is a translation of the , romanization of Russian Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik, abbreviated ????, SSSR....
ongoing policy of militant atheism.

On the spot of the Chudov Monastery and the nearby Ascension Convent

Ascension Convent

The Ascension Convent, known as the Starodevichy Convent until 1817 , was a female cloister in the Moscow Kremlin which contained the burials of grand princesses, tsarinas, and other noble ladies from the Muscovite royal court....
the Soviets built the Red Commanders School. All of the monastery’s manuscript

Manuscript

A manuscript is any document that is written by hand, as opposed to being printed or reproduced in some other way. The term may also be used for information that is hand-recorded in other ways than writing, for example inscriptions that are chiselled upon a hard material or scratched as with a knife point in plaster or with a stylus on a wa...
s of the 11th-18th centuries were transferred to the State Historical Museum

State Historical Museum

The State Historical Museum of Russia is a museum of History of Russia wedged between Red Square and Manege Square in Moscow. Its exhibitions range from relics of the prehistoric tribes inhabiting present-day Russia, through priceless artworks acquired by members of the Romanov dynasty....
. The relics of Metropolitan Alexius were first moved from the Church of St. Alexius (which he had built) to the Cathedral of the Dormition

Cathedral of the Dormition

The Cathedral of the Dormition is the mother church of Muscovite Russia. The church stands on the Cathedral Square in Moscow at the Moscow Kremlin and was built in 1475–1479 by the Italian architect Aristotele Fioravanti....
and then to another church in Moscow. Of the hundred or so other internments in the monastery (including Archbishop Gennadii), their remains were lost and their whereabouts are still unknown.

Burials

Gennady (Archbishop of Novgorod)
Gennady (Archbishop of Novgorod)

Gennady was Archbishop of Novgorod from 1484 to 1504. He was most instrumental in fighting the Sect of Skhariya the Jew and is famous for compiling the first complete codex of the Bible in Slavic in 1499, known as the Slavic translations of the Bible....
Alexius, Metropolitan of Moscow
Alexius, Metropolitan of Moscow

Saint Alexius was metropolitan bishop of Kiev and all Russia , and presided over the Moscow government during Dmitry Donskoy's minority.Alexius, whose name at birth was Elephtherios, was a son of Fyodor Biakont, a boyar from Chernigov who settled in Moscow and founded the great Pleshcheev boyar family....
Patriarch Hermogenes
Patriarch Hermogenes

Hermogenes, or Germogen , was the List of Metropolitans and Patriarchs of Moscow from 1606. It was he who inspired the popular uprising that put an end to the Time of Troubles....
Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich Romanov