Choe Yun-ui

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Choe Yun-ui

Choe Yun-ui was a Korean civil minister during the Goryeo Dynasty. Choe Yun-ui compiled the Sangjeong yemun (Hangul

Hangul

Hangul is the native alphabet of the Korean language, as distinguished from the logogram Sino-Korean vocabulary hanja system. It was created in the mid-fifteenth century, and is now the official writing system of both North Korea and South Korea, being co-official in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture of China....
: ????, hanja

Hanja

Hanja is the Korean language name for Chinese characters. More specifically, it refers to those Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese language and incorporated into the Korean language with Korean pronunciation....
: ????) with another 16 scholars. They collected all courtesies from ancient to present and published 50 copies.

Sangjeong yemun was published with movable metal type between 1234 and 1241. Yi Gyu-bo wrote postscript on behalf of Choi Yi which show how this book was published with movable metal type.

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Choe Yun-ui was a Korean civil minister during the Goryeo Dynasty. Choe Yun-ui compiled the Sangjeong yemun (Hangul

Hangul

Hanja

Choe Chung-heon

Choe Chung-heon was a military ruler of Korea during the Goryeo period.Choe's father was a Grand General in the Goryeo military. Choe entered the military, but he remained a captain until middle age....
edited this book again cause old book lost some pages and the letters was unreadable. After, he edited, he copied 2 books and kept 1 copy in his home. Another book was kept in Yegwan: it was unique research facility of Goryeo dynasty. By invasion of Mongol, he moved to Ganghwado and brought 1 copy of this book with him. Later, Cho Yi published 28 copies of this book with movable metal type and sent them to kept in several local governments' offices. .

Also, owing to a long history of woodblock

Woodcut

Woodcut - formally known as Xylography - is a relief printing artistic technique in printmaking in which an image is carved into the surface of a block of wood, with the printing parts remaining level with the surface while the non-printing parts are removed, typically with gouges....
printing, Koreans of the period were accustomed to books, and literacy was high. The chinese visitor Xü Jing, visiting Korea in 1123, observes in his travelogue that Koreans considered it shameful not to be able to read.

Regarding the date of his invention, Goryeo kingdom records indicate that a major printing effort, the 50 volume Sangjeong Gogeum Yemun (Prescribed Ritual Text of the Past and Present) was printed with cast metal around the 21st year of reign of King Gojong

Gojong of Goryeo

Gojong of Goryeo was the twenty-third ruler of Goryeo in present-day Korea. Gojong's reign was marked by Mongol invasions of Korea with the Mongol Empire, which sought to conquer Goryeo, ending only when the kingdom was finally vassalized in 1259....
of the Goryeo

Goryeo

The Goryeo Dynasty was a sovereign state established in 918 by Taejo of Goryeo. It united the Later Three Kingdoms in 936 and ruled most of the Korean peninsula until it was removed by the Joseon dynasty in 1392....
dynasty (around 1234 AD). It is conjectured that some familiarity with movable type must have been available prior to this large effort.

Another major publication, Nammyongcheonhwasang - Songjungdoga (Sermons of Song period

Song Dynasty

The Song Dynasty was a ruling Chinese dynasty in China between 960–1279 AD; it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, and was followed by the Yuan Dynasty....
Buddhist Priest Nammyongvhon) was printed with cast metal type in the 26th year of the reign of king Gojong (1239 AD). However, whether Choe Yun-Ui was involved in this effort or not is not known.