Chloride

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Chloride

The chloride ion
Ion

An ion is an atom or molecule which has lost or gained one or more electrons, giving it a positive or negative electrical charge. According to the Bohr_model this will be from or in the outer shield 'n'....
is formed when the element

Chemical element

A chemical element is a type of atom that is distinguished by its atomic number; that is, by the number of protons in its atomic nucleus. The term is also used to refer to a pure chemical Chemical substance composed of atoms with the same number of protons....
chlorine

Chlorine

Chlorine...
picks up one electron

Electron

The electron is a subatomic particle that carries a negative electric charge. It has elementary particle and is believed to be a point particle....
to form an anion (negatively-charged ion) Cl⁻. The salt

Salt

A salt, in chemistry, is defined as the product formed from the neutralisation reaction of acids and base . Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions so that the product is electrically electric charge ....
s of hydrochloric acid

Hydrochloric acid

Hydrochloric acid is the solution of hydrogen chloride in water. It is a highly corrosive, strong acid mineral acid and has major industrial uses....
HCl

HCL

HCL or HCl can stand for:* Hairy cell leukemia, an uncommon and slowly progressing B cell leukemia* Hardware Compatibility List* Hardware Control Language, a programming language used to simulate computer logic...
contain chloride ions and can also be called chlorides. An example is table salt, which is sodium chloride

Sodium chloride

Sodium chloride, also known as common salt, table salt, or halite, is a chemical compound with the chemical formula SodiumChlorine....
with the chemical formula

Chemical formula

A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes in chemical reactions....
NaCl. In water

Water (molecule)

File:Blue-water-pool.jpgWater is the most abundant molecule on Earth's surface, constituting about 70% of the Earth's surface in liquid, solid, and gaseous states....
, it dissolves into Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions.

The word chloride can also refer to a chemical compound

Chemical compound

A chemical compound is a Chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemical element Chemical bond together in a fixed mass ratio that can be split into simpler substances....
in which one or more chlorine atom

Atom

|-! bgcolor=gray | Properties|-||}The atom is a basic unit of matter consisting of a dense, central atomic nucleus surrounded by a electron cloud of electric charge electrons....
s are covalently bonded

Covalent bond

A covalent bond is a form of chemical bonding that is characterized by the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms, or between atoms and other covalent bonds....
in the molecule

Molecule

In chemistry, a molecule is defined as a sufficiently stable, electric charge neutral group of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement held together by very strong chemical bonds....
.

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Encyclopedia

Chemical element

Chlorine

Chlorine...
picks up one electron

Electron

Salt

Hydrochloric acid

Hydrochloric acid is the solution of hydrogen chloride in water. It is a highly corrosive, strong acid mineral acid and has major industrial uses....
HCl

HCL

Sodium chloride

Sodium chloride, also known as common salt, table salt, or halite, is a chemical compound with the chemical formula SodiumChlorine....
with the chemical formula

Chemical formula

Water (molecule)

Chemical compound

Atom

Covalent bond

A covalent bond is a form of chemical bonding that is characterized by the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms, or between atoms and other covalent bonds....
in the molecule

Molecule

In chemistry, a molecule is defined as a sufficiently stable, electric charge neutral group of at least two atoms in a definite arrangement held together by very strong chemical bonds....
. This means that chlorides can be either inorganic or organic compound

Organic compound

An organic compound is any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon. For historical reasons discussed below, a few types of compounds such as carbonates, simple oxides of carbon and cyanides, as well as the allotropes of carbon, are considered Inorganic compound....
s. The simplest example of an inorganic covalently-bonded chloride is hydrogen chloride

Hydrogen chloride

The Chemical compound hydrogen chloride has the chemical formula HydrogenChlorine. At room temperature, it is a colorless gas, which forms white fumes of hydrochloric acid upon contact with atmospheric humidity....
, HCl. A simple example of an organic covalently-bonded (an organochloride

Organochloride

An organochloride, organochlorine, chlorocarbon, or chlorinated solvent is an organic compound containing at least one covalent bond chlorine atom....
) chloride is chloromethane

Chloromethane

Chloromethane, also called Methyl chloride, R-40 or HCC 40, is a chemical compound of the group of organic compounds called haloalkanes. It was once widely used as a refrigeration....
(CH₃Cl), often called methyl chloride.

In the petroleum industry

Petroleum industry

The petroleum industry includes the global processes of Hydrocarbon exploration, Extraction of petroleum, Oil refinery, transporting , and marketing petroleum List of crude oil products....
, the chlorides are a closely monitored constituent of the mud system

Drilling fluid

Drilling a very deep hole is a very costly business. The hole size is kept very small as the drilled depth increases because it is to cased and cemented after wards....
. The increase of the chlorides in the mud system could indicate the possibility of drilling into a high-pressure saltwater formation. Its increase can also indicate the poor quality of a target sand.

Other examples of inorganic covalently-bonded chlorides that are used as reactants are:

phosphorus trichloride
Phosphorus trichloride

Phosphorus trichloride is the most important of the three phosphorus chlorides. It is an important Chemical industry, being used for the manufacture of organophosphorus compounds for a wide variety of applications....
, phosphorus pentachloride, and thionyl chloride
Thionyl chloride

Thionyl chloride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula SulfurOxygenChlorine2. It is a reactive chemical reagent used in chlorination chemical reaction....
, all three of which reactive chlorinating reagent
Reagent

A reagent or reactant is a substance or compound consumed during a chemical reaction. Solvents and catalysts, although they are involved in the reaction, are usually not referred to as reactants....
s that have been used in a laboratory
Laboratory

A laboratory is a facility that provides controlled conditions in which science research, experiments, and measurement may be performed. The title of laboratory is also used for certain other facilities where the processes or equipment used are similar to those in scientific laboratories....
disulfur dichloride
Disulfur dichloride

Disulfur dichloride is the chemical compound with the Chemical formula S2Cl2. Some alternative names for this compound are sulfur monochloride , disulphur dichloride and sulphur monochloride ....
(S₂Cl₂), used for vulcanization
Vulcanization

Vulcanization refers to a specific curing process of rubber involving high heat and the addition of sulfur or other equivalent curatives. It is a chemical process in which polymer molecules are linked to other polymer molecules by atomic bridges composed of sulfur atoms or carbon to carbon bonds....
of rubber
Rubber

Natural rubber is an elastomer?an Elasticity_ hydrocarbon polymer?that was originally derived from a milky colloidal suspension, or latex , found in the sap of some plants....
.

Human health

Chloride is a chemical the human body needs for metabolism (the process of turning food into energy). It also helps keep the body's acid-base balance. The amount of chloride in the blood is carefully controlled by the kidneys. Further reading:Renal chloride reabsorption
Renal chloride reabsorption

Renal reabsorption of chloride is a part of renal physiology, in order not to lose too much chloride in the urine....

Chloride ions have important physiological

Physiology

Physiology is the study of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of living organisms. Physiology has traditionally been divided between plant physiology and animal and all living things physiology but the principles of physiology are universal, no matter what particular organism is being studied....
roles. For instance, in the central nervous system

Central nervous system

The central nervous system is the part of the nervous system that functions to coordinate the activity of all parts of the bodies of multicellular organisms....
, the inhibitory action of glycine

Glycine

Glycine is the organic compound with the chemical formula NH2CH2COOH. It is the smallest of the 20 amino acids commonly found in proteins, coded by codons GGU, GGC, GGA and GGG....
and some of the action of GABA

Gabâ

Gab? or gabaa, for the Cebuano people , is the concept of a non-human and non-divine, imminent Retributive justice. A sort of negative karma, it is generally seen as an evil effect on a person because of their wrongdoings or transgressions....
relies on the entry of Cl⁻ into specific neurons. Also, the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger biological transport protein

Protein

Proteins are organic compounds made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of adjacent amino acid Residue ....
relies on the chloride ion to increase the blood

Blood

Blood is a specialized bodily fluid that delivers necessary substances to the body's Cell s ? such as nutrients and oxygen ? and transports waste products away from those same cells....
's capacity of carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalent bond to a single carbon atom. It is a gas at standard temperature and pressure and exists in Earth's atmosphere in this state....
, in the form of the bicarbonate

Bicarbonate

In inorganic chemistry, bicarbonate is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid. Its chemical formula is HCO3−....
ion.

The normal blood reference range of chloride for adults in most labs is 95 to 105 milliequivalents (mEq) per liter. The normal range may vary slightly from lab to lab. Normal ranges are usually shown next to your results in the lab report.

The North American Dietary Reference Intake

Dietary Reference Intake

The Dietary Reference Intake is a system of nutrition recommendations from the Institute of Medicine of the US United States National Academy of Sciences....
recommends a daily intake of between 2300 and 3600 mg/day for 25-year-old males.

Other applications

Chloride is also a useful and reliable chemical indicator of river / groundwater fecal contamination, as chloride is a non-reactive solute and ubiquitous to sewage.