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Chinookan refers to several groups of Native Americans
Native Americans in the United States

Native Americans in the United States are the Indigenous peoples of the Americas from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States United States, including parts of Alaska and the island state of Hawaii....
 in the Pacific Northwest
Pacific Northwest

The Pacific Northwest is a region in the northwest of North America . There are several partially overlapping definitions but the term Pacific Northwest should not be confused with the Northwest Territory or the Northwest Territories of Canada....
 region of the United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
. In the early 19th century, the Chinookan peoples lived along the lower and middle Columbia River
Columbia River

The Columbia River is the largest river in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. It is named after the Columbia Rediviva, the first ship from the western world known to have traveled up the river....
 in present-day Oregon
Oregon

Oregon is a U.S. state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The area was inhabited by many indigenous tribes before the arrival of traders, explorers and settlers....
 and Washington
Washington

Washington is a U.S. state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Washington was carved out of the western part of Washington Territory which had been ceded by Britain in 1846 by the Oregon Treaty as settlement of the Oregon Boundary Dispute....
. The Chinookan tribes were those encountered by the Lewis and Clark Expedition
Lewis and Clark Expedition

The Lewis and Clark Expedition , headed by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark , was the first United States overland expedition to the Pacific coast and back....
 in 1805 on the lower Columbia.

Chinookan were not nomadic. At birth Chinookans would flatten some children's heads by applying pressure with a board, enabling, in turn, a social hierarchy that placed flat-headed community members above those with round heads.






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Chinookan refers to several groups of Native Americans
Native Americans in the United States

Native Americans in the United States are the Indigenous peoples of the Americas from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States United States, including parts of Alaska and the island state of Hawaii....
 in the Pacific Northwest
Pacific Northwest

The Pacific Northwest is a region in the northwest of North America . There are several partially overlapping definitions but the term Pacific Northwest should not be confused with the Northwest Territory or the Northwest Territories of Canada....
 region of the United States
United States

The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
. In the early 19th century, the Chinookan peoples lived along the lower and middle Columbia River
Columbia River

The Columbia River is the largest river in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. It is named after the Columbia Rediviva, the first ship from the western world known to have traveled up the river....
 in present-day Oregon
Oregon

Oregon is a U.S. state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The area was inhabited by many indigenous tribes before the arrival of traders, explorers and settlers....
 and Washington
Washington

Washington is a U.S. state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Washington was carved out of the western part of Washington Territory which had been ceded by Britain in 1846 by the Oregon Treaty as settlement of the Oregon Boundary Dispute....
. The Chinookan tribes were those encountered by the Lewis and Clark Expedition
Lewis and Clark Expedition

The Lewis and Clark Expedition , headed by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark , was the first United States overland expedition to the Pacific coast and back....
 in 1805 on the lower Columbia.

Lifestyle

The Chinookan were not nomadic. At birth Chinookans would flatten some children's heads by applying pressure with a board, enabling, in turn, a social hierarchy that placed flat-headed community members above those with round heads. This ranking was inherited. Living near the coast of the Pacific Ocean
Pacific Ocean

The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. Its name is derived from the Latin name Mare Pacificum, "peaceful sea", bestowed upon it by the Portugal explorer Ferdinand Magellan....
, they were skilled whale hunters and fishermen. Owing partly to their non-migratory living patterns, the Chinookan and other coastal tribes had relatively little conflict over land with one another.

Today

Some are currently engaged in a continuing effort to secure formal recognition of tribal status by the U.S. Federal government. The U.S. Department of Interior initially recognized the Chinookan as a tribe in 2001. Subsequently, the department first reconsidered and then, in 2002, revoked this status.

Chinookan groups

Chinookan Langs
Chinookan groups include:
  • Cathlamet
    Cathlamet (people)

    The Cathlamet are part of the Chinookan people....
  • Cathlahmahs
  • Chilluckittequaw
  • Clatsop
    Clatsop

    The Clatsop are a small tribe of Chinookan-speaking Native Americans in the United States in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. In the early 19th century they inhabited an area of the Oregon Coast#North coast of present-day Oregon from the mouth of the Columbia River south to Tillamook, Oregon....
  • Chahcowah
  • Clackamas
    Clackamas Indians

    The Clackamas Indians were a tribe of American Indians in the United States of the United States state of Oregon.They were part of the Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon of Oregon....
  • Clowwewalla
  • Cushook
  • Echelut (Wishram-Wasco),
  • Kilooklaniuck
  • Multnomah
    Multnomah (tribe)

    The Multnomah were a tribe of Chinookan people who lived in the area of Portland, Oregon, more specifically Sauvie Island, in the United States through the early 19th century....
  • Skillot
  • Wahkikum (Wac-ki-cum)
  • Wappato
  • Wascopa
  • Watlata
    Watlata

    The Watlata are a group of Chinookan Native Americans in the United States. They inhabited the meadows of Sams Walker Day Use Site, near Skamania, Washington, and St....
     (Cascade or Wishram).


Most surviving Chinookan natives live in the towns of Bay Center
Bay Center, Washington

Bay Center is a census-designated place in Pacific County, Washington, Washington, United States. The population was 174 at the 2000 United States Census....
, Chinook
Chinook, Washington

Chinook is a census-designated place in Pacific County, Washington, Washington, United States. The population was 457 at the 2000 United States Census....
, and Ilwaco
Ilwaco, Washington

Ilwaco is a city in Pacific County, Washington, Washington, United States. The population was 950 at the 2000 United States Census....
 in southwest Washington. Many books have been written about the Chinook, including, Boston Jane: an Adventure.

Famous Chinookans

  • Chief Comcomly
    Chief Comcomly

    Chief Comcomly or Concomly was a Native Americans in the United States chief of the Chinookan people. He was the principal chief of the Chinook Confederacy, which extended along the Columbia River from the Cascade Range to the Pacific Ocean....
  • Charles Cultee, the principal informant employed by Franz Boas
    Franz Boas

    Franz Boas was a Germans-United States anthropologist and a pioneer of modern anthropology who has been called the "Father of American Anthropology"....
     for his work published as Chinook Texts
  • Ranald MacDonald
    Ranald MacDonald

    Ranald MacDonald was the first man to teach the English language in Japan, including educating Einosuke Moriyama, one of the chief interpreters to handle the negotiations between Matthew Calbraith Perry and the Tokugawa Shogunate....
    , a half-Chinookan, born in Fort Astoria, Oregon
    Astoria, Oregon

    The city of Astoria is the county seat of Clatsop County, Oregon, Oregon, United States. Situated near the mouth of the Columbia River, the city was named after the United States investor John Jacob Astor....
    , to Archibald McDonald, a Scottish
    Scottish people

    The Scots people are a nation and an ethnic group indigenous to Scotland.Historically, as an ethnic group, they emerged from an amalgamation of Celts, Picts, Gaels and Brythons....
     Hudson's Bay Company
    Hudson's Bay Company

    The Hudson's Bay Company , abbreviated HBC, is the oldest commercial corporation in North America and is one of the oldest in the world. The company was incorporated by British royal charter in 1670 as The Governor and Company of Adventurers of England trading into Hudson's Bay; it is now domiciled in Canada and has adopted the mo...
     fur trader, and Raven, chief Concomly's daughter, was the first American to teach English in Japan
    Japan

    Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....
    , in 1847-1848, including educating Einosuke Moriyama, one of the chief interpreters that would later handle the negotiations between Commodore Perry and the Tokugawa Shogunate
    Tokugawa shogunate

    The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the , and the , was a feudalism regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family....
  • Catherine Troeh
    Catherine Troeh

    Catherine Herrold Troeh was an United States historian, artist, activist and advocate for Native Americans in the United States rights and culture, especially in the Pacific Northwest....
    , historian, artist, activist and advocate for Native American rights and culture. She was a member and elder of the Chinook tribe and a direct descendant of chief Comcomly
  • Chief Tumulth, signed the treaty that created the Grand Ronde Reservation and was later killed by Gen. Philip Sheridan
    Philip Sheridan

    Philip Henry Sheridan was a career United States Army officer and a Union Army General officer in the American Civil War. His career was noted for his rapid rise to Major general and his close association with Lieutenant general Ulysses S....


See also

  • Chinookan languages
    Chinookan languages

    Chinookan is a small family of languages spoken in Oregon and Washington along the Columbia River by Chinookan peoples....


External links