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of Orange County
Orange County, New York

Orange County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. It is part of the Poughkeepsie , New York–Newburgh , New York–Middletown, Orange County, New York, NY Poughkeepsie-Newburgh-Middletown metropolitan area and is located at the northern reaches of the New York City–Newark, New Jersey–Bridgeport, Connecticut...
, NY, USA]] Chernozem ( black soil), also known as "black land" or "black earth", is a black-coloured soil
Soil

Soil is the naturally occurring, unconsolidated or loose covering on the Earth's surface. Soil is composed of particles of broken rock that have been altered by chemical and environmental processes including weathering and erosion....
 containing a very high percentage of humus
Humus

Humus is degraded organic material in soil, which causes some soil layers to be dark brown or black.In soil science, humus refers to any organic matter that has reached a point of stability, where it will break down no further and might, if conditions do not change, remain essentially as it is for centuries, if not millennia....
 — 3% to 15%, and high percentages of phosphoric acid
Phosphoric acid

Phosphoric acid, also known as orthophosphoric acid or phosphoric acid, is a mineral acid having the chemical formula Hydrogen3PhosphorusOxygen4....
s, phosphorus
Phosphorus

Phosphorus is the chemical element that has the symbol P and atomic number 15. The name comes from the and . A Valency nonmetal of the nitrogen group, phosphorus is commonly found in inorganic phosphate minerals....
 and ammonia
Ammonia

Ammonia is a chemical compound with the chemical formula nitrogenhydrogen. It is normally encountered as a gas with a characteristic pungent odor....
. Chernozem is very fertile and produces a high agricultural
Agriculture

Agriculture refers to the production of food and goods through farming and forestry. Agriculture was the key development that led to the rise of civilization, with the animal husbandry of domestication animals and plants creating food surpluses that enabled the development of more Population density and Social stratification societies....
 yield.

There are two "Chernozem belts" in the world: from Northeast Ukraine
Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east; Belarus to the north; Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south....
 across the Black Earth Region and Southern Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
 into Siberia
Siberia

Siberia , is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of North Asia and for the most part currently serving as the massive central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, having served in the same capacity previously for the Soviet Union from its beginning, and the Russian Empire beginning in the 16th century....
, and in the Canadian Prairies
Canadian Prairies

The Canadian Prairies is a list of regions of Canada of Canada, specifically in Western Canada, which may correspond to several different definitions, natural or political....
.






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of Orange County
Orange County, New York

Orange County is a county located in the U.S. state of New York. It is part of the Poughkeepsie , New York–Newburgh , New York–Middletown, Orange County, New York, NY Poughkeepsie-Newburgh-Middletown metropolitan area and is located at the northern reaches of the New York City–Newark, New Jersey–Bridgeport, Connecticut...
, NY, USA]] Chernozem ( black soil), also known as "black land" or "black earth", is a black-coloured soil
Soil

Soil is the naturally occurring, unconsolidated or loose covering on the Earth's surface. Soil is composed of particles of broken rock that have been altered by chemical and environmental processes including weathering and erosion....
 containing a very high percentage of humus
Humus

Humus is degraded organic material in soil, which causes some soil layers to be dark brown or black.In soil science, humus refers to any organic matter that has reached a point of stability, where it will break down no further and might, if conditions do not change, remain essentially as it is for centuries, if not millennia....
 — 3% to 15%, and high percentages of phosphoric acid
Phosphoric acid

Phosphoric acid, also known as orthophosphoric acid or phosphoric acid, is a mineral acid having the chemical formula Hydrogen3PhosphorusOxygen4....
s, phosphorus
Phosphorus

Phosphorus is the chemical element that has the symbol P and atomic number 15. The name comes from the and . A Valency nonmetal of the nitrogen group, phosphorus is commonly found in inorganic phosphate minerals....
 and ammonia
Ammonia

Ammonia is a chemical compound with the chemical formula nitrogenhydrogen. It is normally encountered as a gas with a characteristic pungent odor....
. Chernozem is very fertile and produces a high agricultural
Agriculture

Agriculture refers to the production of food and goods through farming and forestry. Agriculture was the key development that led to the rise of civilization, with the animal husbandry of domestication animals and plants creating food surpluses that enabled the development of more Population density and Social stratification societies....
 yield.

There are two "Chernozem belts" in the world: from Northeast Ukraine
Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east; Belarus to the north; Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south....
 across the Black Earth Region and Southern Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
 into Siberia
Siberia

Siberia , is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of North Asia and for the most part currently serving as the massive central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, having served in the same capacity previously for the Soviet Union from its beginning, and the Russian Empire beginning in the 16th century....
, and in the Canadian Prairies
Canadian Prairies

The Canadian Prairies is a list of regions of Canada of Canada, specifically in Western Canada, which may correspond to several different definitions, natural or political....
. Similar soil types occur in Texas
Texas

Texas is a U.S. state located in the South Central United States, nicknamed the Lone Star State. Texas is the second largest U.S. state in both area and population, spanning , and with a growing population of 24.3 million residents....
. It has a large depth, often more than 40 inches (1m)and up to 250 inches (6 metres) in Ukraine
Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east; Belarus to the north; Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south....
. The terrain can also be found in small quantities elsewhere (for example, on 1% of Polish territory).

Chernozemic soils are a soil type
Soil type

In terms of soil texture, soil type usually refers to the different sizes of mineral particles in a particular sample. Soil is made up in part of finely ground rock particles, grouped according to size as sand, silt and clay....
 in the Canadian system of soil classification
Canadian system of soil classification

The Canadian system of soil classification is more closely related to the USDA soil taxonomy than any other. They differ in several ways. The Canadian system is designed to cover only Canadian soils....
 and the United Nations'
United Nations

The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, Social change, human rights and achieving world peace....
 FAO soil classification
FAO soil classification

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations developed a supra-national classification, also called World Soil Classification, which offers useful generalizations about soils pedogenesis in relation to the interactions with the main soil-forming factors....
.

External links


See also

  • Terra preta
    Terra preta

    Terra preta refers to expanses of very dark, fertile anthropogenic soils found in the Amazon Basin. It owes its name to its very high charcoal content....
  • Dark earth
    Dark earth

    Dark Earth in archaeology is an archaeological horizon often as much as 0.6m - 0.9m thick which covers Roman remains, notably in London and in Roman ruins in the rest of England, particularly urban ones....