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Chemical property
 
 
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A chemical property is any of a material's properties that becomes evident during a chemical reaction
Chemical reaction

A chemical reaction is a process that always results in the interconversion of chemical substances. The substance or substances initially involved in a chemical reaction are called reactants....
; that is, any quality that can be established only by changing a substance's chemical identity
Chemical substance

A chemical substance is a material with a specific Empirical formula. It is a concept that became firmly established in the late eighteenth century after work by the chemist Joseph Proust on the composition of some pure chemical compounds such as basic copper carbonate....
. Simply speaking, chemical properties cannot be determined just by viewing or touching the substance; the substance's internal structure
Chemical structure

A Chemical structure includes molecular geometry, electronic structure and crystal structure of a chemical compound. Molecular geometry refers to the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule and the chemical bonds that hold the atoms together....
 must be affected for its chemical properties to be investigated.

Chemical properties can be contrasted with physical properties, which can be discerned without changing the substance's structure.






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A chemical property is any of a material's properties that becomes evident during a chemical reaction
Chemical reaction

A chemical reaction is a process that always results in the interconversion of chemical substances. The substance or substances initially involved in a chemical reaction are called reactants....
; that is, any quality that can be established only by changing a substance's chemical identity
Chemical substance

A chemical substance is a material with a specific Empirical formula. It is a concept that became firmly established in the late eighteenth century after work by the chemist Joseph Proust on the composition of some pure chemical compounds such as basic copper carbonate....
. Simply speaking, chemical properties cannot be determined just by viewing or touching the substance; the substance's internal structure
Chemical structure

A Chemical structure includes molecular geometry, electronic structure and crystal structure of a chemical compound. Molecular geometry refers to the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule and the chemical bonds that hold the atoms together....
 must be affected for its chemical properties to be investigated.

Chemical properties can be contrasted with physical properties, which can be discerned without changing the substance's structure. However, for many properties within the scope of physical chemistry
Physical chemistry

Physical chemistry is the application of physics to macroscopic, microscopic, atomic, subatomic, and particulate phenomena in chemical systems within the field of chemistry traditionally using the principles, practices and concepts of thermodynamics, quantum chemistry, statistical mechanics and kinetics....
 (and other disciplines at the border of chemistry and physics), the distinction may be a matter of researcher's perspective
Perspective (cognitive)

Perspective in theory of cognition is the choice of a wiktionary:context or a reference from which to sense, categorize, Measurement or codify experience, cohesively forming a coherent belief, typically for comparing with another....
. Material properties (both physical and chemical) can be viewed as supervenient; i.e., secondary to the underlying reality. Several layers of superveniency are possible.

Chemical properties can be used for building chemical classification
Chemical classification

Chemical classification systems attempt to classify chemical element or chemical compound according to certain chemical functional or chemical structure properties....
s.

Examples of Chemical Properties


  • Electronegativity
    Electronegativity

    Electronegativity, symbol χ, is a chemical property that describes the ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself in a covalent bond....
  • Ionization potential
    Ionization potential

    The ionization potential, ionization energy or EI of an atom or molecule is the energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms or ions....
  • pH balance
  • Reactivity
    Reactivity

    Reactivity refers to the Reaction rate at which a chemical substance tends to undergo a chemical reaction in time. In pure chemical compounds, reactivity is regulated by the physical properties of the sample....
     against other chemical substance
    Chemical substance

    A chemical substance is a material with a specific Empirical formula. It is a concept that became firmly established in the late eighteenth century after work by the chemist Joseph Proust on the composition of some pure chemical compounds such as basic copper carbonate....
    s
  • Heat of combustion
    Heat of combustion

    The heat of combustion is the energy released as heat when one mol of a compound undergoes complete combustion with oxygen. The chemical reaction is typically a hydrocarbon reacting with oxygen to form carbon dioxide, water and heat....
  • Enthalpy of formation
  • Toxicity
    Toxicity

    Toxicity is the degree to which a substance is able to damage an exposed organism. Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as an animal, bacterium, or plant, as well as the effect on a substructure of the organism, such as a cell or an organ , such as the liver ....
  • Chemical stability
    Chemical stability

    Chemical stability when used in the technical sense in chemistry, means thermodynamic stability of a chemical system.Thermodynamic stability occurs when a system is in its lowest energy state, or chemical equilibrium with its environment....
     in a given environment
  • Flammability
    Flammability

    Flammability is defined at how easily something will burn or ignite, causing fire or combustion. The degree of difficulty required to cause the combustion of a substance is subject to quantification through fire testing....
  • Preferred oxidation state
    Oxidation state

    In chemistry, the oxidation state is an indicator of the degree of oxidation of an atom in a chemical compound. The formal oxidation state is the hypothetical Electrical charge that an atom would have if all bonds to atoms of different elements were 100% Ionic bond....
    (s)
  • Coordination number
    Coordination number

    The coordination number of an atom in a molecule or a crystal is the integer number of its nearest Neighbourhood . This number is determined somewhat differently for molecules and for crystals....
  • Capability to undergo a certain set of transformations e.g. molecular dissociation
    Dissociation (chemistry)

    Dissociation in chemistry and biochemistry is a general process in which ionic compounds separate or split into smaller molecules, ions, or Radical , usually in a reversible manner....
    , chemical combination
    Combination

    In combinatorics, a combination is an un-ordered collection of distinct elements, usually of a prescribed size and taken from a given set. Given such a Set S, a combination of elements of S is just a subset of S, where as always for sets the order of the elements is not taken into account ....
    , redox reactions under certain physical conditions in the presence of another chemical substance
    Chemical substance

    A chemical substance is a material with a specific Empirical formula. It is a concept that became firmly established in the late eighteenth century after work by the chemist Joseph Proust on the composition of some pure chemical compounds such as basic copper carbonate....
  • Preferred types of bonds
    Chemical bond

    A chemical bond is the physical process responsible for the attractive interactions between atoms and molecules, and that which confers stability to diatomic and polyatomic chemical compounds....
     to form, e.g. metallic, ionic
    Ion

    An ion is an atom or molecule which has lost or gained one or more electrons, giving it a positive or negative electrical charge. According to the Bohr_model this will be from or in the outer shield 'n'....
    , covalent


See also

  • Physical property
    Physical property

    A physical property is any aspect of an object or substance that can be measurement or perception without changing its Identity . Physical properties can be Intensive and extensive properties....
  • Chemical structure
    Chemical structure

    A Chemical structure includes molecular geometry, electronic structure and crystal structure of a chemical compound. Molecular geometry refers to the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule and the chemical bonds that hold the atoms together....
  • Material properties
  • Biological activity
    Biological activity

    Pharmacological or biological activity is an expression describing the beneficial or adverse effects of a drug on organism. When the drug is a complex chemical mixture, this activity is exerted by the substance's active ingredient or pharmacophore but can be modified by the other constituents....
  • QSAR, quantitative structure-affinity relationship
  • Lipinski's Rule of Five
    Lipinski's Rule of Five

    Lipinski's Rule of Five is a rule of thumb to evaluate druglikeness, or determine if a chemical compound with a certain pharmacology or biological activity has properties that would make it a likely oral activity drug in humans....
    , describing molecular properties of drugs