Cheadle, Greater Manchester
Encyclopedia
Cheadle is a suburb in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport
Metropolitan Borough of Stockport
The Metropolitan Borough of Stockport is a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in north west England, centred around the town of Stockport. It has a population of about 280,600 and includes the outyling areas of Cheadle and Cheadle Hulme, Marple, Bredbury, Reddish and Romiley...

 in Greater Manchester
Greater Manchester
Greater Manchester is a metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 2.6 million. It encompasses one of the largest metropolitan areas in the United Kingdom and comprises ten metropolitan boroughs: Bolton, Bury, Oldham, Rochdale, Stockport, Tameside, Trafford, Wigan, and the...

, England. It borders the districts of Cheadle Hulme
Cheadle Hulme
Cheadle Hulme is an area of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, in Greater Manchester, England. It is southwest of Stockport and southeast of the city of Manchester. It lies in the Ladybrook Valley on the Cheshire Plain, and the drift consists mostly of boulder clay, sands and gravels...

, Gatley
Gatley
Gatley is a suburban area of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, in Greater Manchester, England.-Toponymy:In 1290, Gatley was known as Gateclyve, which in Old English means "a place where goats are kept".-Early history:...

, Heald Green
Heald Green
Heald Green is a suburb of Stockport, Greater Manchester, England. It is situated in the south-west of the borough and is bordered by Gatley and Cheadle to the north, Cheadle Hulme to the east, Handforth and Styal to the south and Wythenshawe to the west...

 and Cheadle Heath
Cheadle Heath
Cheadle Heath is a suburban area of Stockport, part of the wider Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, in Greater Manchester, England. It is approximately west of Stockport's town centre and southeast of the city of Manchester....

 in Stockport, and the East Didsbury
Didsbury
Didsbury is a suburban area of the City of Manchester, in Greater Manchester, England. It lies on the north bank of the River Mersey, south of Manchester city centre, in the southern half of the Greater Manchester Urban Area...

 area of Manchester. As of 2001 it had a population of 14,261.

Early history

There has been human occupation in Cheadle since prehistoric times. The earliest evidence of civilisation is of burial mounds dating from the iron age
Iron Age
The Iron Age is the archaeological period generally occurring after the Bronze Age, marked by the prevalent use of iron. The early period of the age is characterized by the widespread use of iron or steel. The adoption of such material coincided with other changes in society, including differing...

, belonging to Celts
Britons (historical)
The Britons were the Celtic people culturally dominating Great Britain from the Iron Age through the Early Middle Ages. They spoke the Insular Celtic language known as British or Brythonic...

 who occupied Britain. Later, the area was occupied by Brigantes
Brigantes
The Brigantes were a Celtic tribe who in pre-Roman times controlled the largest section of what would become Northern England, and a significant part of the Midlands. Their kingdom is sometimes called Brigantia, and it was centred in what was later known as Yorkshire...

, whose activity was discovered in the form of axe
Axe
The axe, or ax, is an implement that has been used for millennia to shape, split and cut wood; to harvest timber; as a weapon; and as a ceremonial or heraldic symbol...

 fragments.

In the first millennium, Romans occupied the area, and their coins have been discovered. During the seventh century St. Chad
Chad of Mercia
Chad was a prominent 7th century Anglo-Saxon churchman, who became abbot of several monasteries, Bishop of the Northumbrians and subsequently Bishop of the Mercians and Lindsey People. He was later canonized as a saint. He was the brother of Cedd, also a saint...

 preached in the area, and a stone cross dedicated to him was found close to the confluence of the River Mersey
River Mersey
The River Mersey is a river in North West England. It is around long, stretching from Stockport, Greater Manchester, and ending at Liverpool Bay, Merseyside. For centuries, it formed part of the ancient county divide between Lancashire and Cheshire....

 and Micker Brook
Micker Brook
Micker Brook is a minor river in Cheshire and Greater Manchester, England.Known early in its course as Bollinhurst Brook and Norbury Brook, then Lady Brook, the river runs westward and northward through Hazel Grove, Bramhall and Cheadle. It joins the River Mersey close to Junction 3 of the M60...

 in 1873. This area became known as Chedle, a corruption of Chad' Hill.

The village is first recorded in the Domesday Book
Domesday Book
Domesday Book , now held at The National Archives, Kew, Richmond upon Thames in South West London, is the record of the great survey of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086...

 under the name "Cedde", which comes from the Celtic word for "wood". It was held by Gamel, a free Saxon under Hugh d'Avranches, 1st Earl of Chester
Hugh d'Avranches, 1st Earl of Chester
Hugh d'Avranches , also known as le Gros and Lupus was the first Earl of Chester and one of the great magnates of early Norman England.-Early career:...

; it was about three miles long and half as wide, containing both wooded and open land, with areas enclosed for hunting purposes. This early manor occupied the approximate areas of both modern day Cheadle and Cheadle Hulme
Cheadle Hulme
Cheadle Hulme is an area of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, in Greater Manchester, England. It is southwest of Stockport and southeast of the city of Manchester. It lies in the Ladybrook Valley on the Cheshire Plain, and the drift consists mostly of boulder clay, sands and gravels...

.

By June 1294, Geoffrey de Chedle was lord of the manor, and it was valued at about £20 per annum. Geoffrey's descendant Robert (or Roger) died in the early 1320s, leaving the estate to his wife Matilda who held it until her death in 1326. As there were no male heirs the manor, which was now worth £30 per annum, was divided between her daughters, Clemence and Agnes. Agnes inherited the northern half (which would later become the modern-day Cheadle), and Clemence inherited the southern half (latterly Cheadle Hulme). The two areas became known as "Chedle Bulkeley" and "Chedle Holme" respectively.

William de Bulkeley succeeded his mother, and was a participant in several wars in France for Edward, the Black Prince
Edward, the Black Prince
Edward of Woodstock, Prince of Wales, Duke of Cornwall, Prince of Aquitaine, KG was the eldest son of King Edward III of England and his wife Philippa of Hainault as well as father to King Richard II of England....

. His son, Richard, was sent to live at the court Richard II
Richard II of England
Richard II was King of England, a member of the House of Plantagenet and the last of its main-line kings. He ruled from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399. Richard was a son of Edward, the Black Prince, and was born during the reign of his grandfather, Edward III...

, and later to a baron whose daughter Margery married Richard. Richard died at the age of 21, but Margery lived until she was about 90 year old. She was succeeded by her grandson and great-grandson, both named William. Shortly after the Battle of Bosworth, the latter William was succeeded by his brother Richard.

During the reign of Henry VIII
Henry VIII of England
Henry VIII was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. He was Lord, and later King, of Ireland, as well as continuing the nominal claim by the English monarchs to the Kingdom of France...

, the current St Mary's Church
St Mary's Church, Cheadle
St Mary's Church, Cheadle, is in High Street, Cheadle, Greater Manchester, England. It has been designated by English Heritage as a Grade I listed building. It is an active Anglican parish church in the diocese of Chester, the archdeaconry of Macclesfield and the deanery of Cheadle...

 on High Street was built. There has been a church on the site since the 12th century, the original being constructed of wood, but it was rebuilt in stone between 1520 and 1550. The church contains an effigy of John Stanley who, along with many other men from the area, fought in the Battle of Flodden Field
Battle of Flodden Field
The Battle of Flodden or Flodden Field or occasionally Battle of Branxton was fought in the county of Northumberland in northern England on 9 September 1513, between an invading Scots army under King James IV and an English army commanded by the Earl of Surrey...

. Later he claimed the manor for himself, but was imprisoned by Thomas Wolsey who ensured the land went to its rightful owner.

The Bulkeleys continued to hold the lands as lords of the manor until the 18th century, when the manor was purchased by Thomas Egerton.

During the Bonnie Prince Charlie uprising
Uprising
-In music:* Uprising * Uprising , album by Concord Dawn* Uprising , album by Entombed* Uprising , album by Universal Poplab...

, the Young Pretender's troops marched through Cheadle. Some remains have been found, including swords.

Moseley Old Hall
Moseley Old Hall, Cheadle
Moseley Old Hall is a small 17th century country house in Cheadle, in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, Greater Manchester, England . The construction date of the hall is uncertain though there is an inscription carved into the doorway, reading, 'R.M. 1663'; it is a Grade II* listed building...

, an early Stuart
House of Stuart
The House of Stuart is a European royal house. Founded by Robert II of Scotland, the Stewarts first became monarchs of the Kingdom of Scotland during the late 14th century, and subsequently held the position of the Kings of Great Britain and Ireland...

 mansion dating from 1666 is still standing and is owned privately. It is situated at the end of a blocked-off public road, making hard to find and therefore quite unheard of.

Abney Hall
Abney Hall
Abney Hall is a substantial Victorian house surrounded by a park in Cheadle, Stockport, England . The hall dates back to 1847 and is a Grade II* listed building.-Early history:...

 is a late Victorian
Victorian architecture
The term Victorian architecture refers collectively to several architectural styles employed predominantly during the middle and late 19th century. The period that it indicates may slightly overlap the actual reign, 20 June 1837 – 22 January 1901, of Queen Victoria. This represents the British and...

 hall from 1847 and is the old Cheadle town hall, though is now used for offices. It is surrounded by parkland which is open to the public all year round and features some of the only wetlands left in Stockport
Stockport
Stockport is a town in Greater Manchester, England. It lies on elevated ground southeast of Manchester city centre, at the point where the rivers Goyt and Tame join and create the River Mersey. Stockport is the largest settlement in the metropolitan borough of the same name...

.

Modern history

Cheadle grew rapidly during the Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was a period from the 18th to the 19th century where major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology had a profound effect on the social, economic and cultural conditions of the times...

 when it was used as a stopping point for travellers and merchants on their way to Central Manchester
Manchester
Manchester is a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England. According to the Office for National Statistics, the 2010 mid-year population estimate for Manchester was 498,800. Manchester lies within one of the UK's largest metropolitan areas, the metropolitan county of Greater...

.

Governance

Lying within the historic county boundaries
Historic counties of England
The historic counties of England are subdivisions of England established for administration by the Normans and in most cases based on earlier Anglo-Saxon kingdoms and shires...

 of Cheshire
Cheshire
Cheshire is a ceremonial county in North West England. Cheshire's county town is the city of Chester, although its largest town is Warrington. Other major towns include Widnes, Congleton, Crewe, Ellesmere Port, Runcorn, Macclesfield, Winsford, Northwich, and Wilmslow...

, Cheadle was historically an ecclesiastical parish
Parish
A parish is a territorial unit historically under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of one parish priest, who might be assisted in his pastoral duties by a curate or curates - also priests but not the parish priest - from a more or less central parish church with its associated organization...

 known as "Cheadle Bulkeley" in the Hundred of Stockport. Following the Municipal Corporations Act 1835
Municipal Corporations Act 1835
The Municipal Corporations Act 1835  – sometimes known as the Municipal Reform Act, was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that reformed local government in the incorporated boroughs of England and Wales...

, part of Cheadle Bulkeley was amalgamated into the Municipal Borough of Stockport
County Borough of Stockport
Stockport was a local government district centred on Stockport in the northwest of England from 1835 to 1974.The district was created by the Municipal Corporations Act 1835 when the existing Borough of Stockport was reformed as a municipal borough. Until 1835 the town was governed by a charter...

. In 1879, the remaining part was merged with neighbouring Cheadle Moseley to form the township of Cheadle.

Established in 1886, Cheadle's first local authority was the Cheadle and Gatley local board of health
Local board of health
Local Boards or Local Boards of Health were local authorities in urban areas of England and Wales from 1848 to 1894. They were formed in response to cholera epidemics and were given powers to control sewers, clean the streets, regulate slaughterhouses and ensure the proper supply of water to their...

, a regulatory body responsible for standards of hygiene and sanitation for the area of Stockport Etchells
Stockport Etchells
Stockport Etchells is a former township in Greater Manchester, England. It lay in the historic county of Cheshire.-Geography:Stockport Etchells covered the rural area that includes modern-day Gatley and Heald Green...

 township and the part of Cheadle township outside the Municipal Borough of Stockport. The board of health was also part of Stockport poor law union
Poor Law Union
A Poor Law Union was a unit used for local government in the United Kingdom from the 19th century. The administration of the Poor Law was the responsibility of parishes, which varied wildly in their size, populations, financial resources, rateable values and requirements...

. In 1888 the board was divided into four wards: Adswood, Cheadle, Cheadle Hulme and Gatley. Under the Local Government Act 1894
Local Government Act 1894
The Local Government Act 1894 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that reformed local government in England and Wales outside the County of London. The Act followed the reforms carried out at county level under the Local Government Act 1888...

 the area of the local board became Cheadle and Gatley Urban District. There were exchanges of land with the neighbouring former urban district
Urban district
In the England, Wales and Ireland, an urban district was a type of local government district that covered an urbanised area. Urban districts had an elected Urban District Council , which shared local government responsibilities with a county council....

s of Wilmslow
Wilmslow
-Economy:Wilmslow is well known, like Alderley Edge, for having many famous residents, notably footballers, stars of Coronation Street and rich North West businessmen. The town is part of the so-called Golden Triangle in the north west together with Alderley Edge and Prestbury...

 and Handforth
Handforth
Handforth is a suburban area situated between Wilmslow, Heald Green, and Styal in Cheshire, England. Travelling south from Manchester, Handforth is the first place in Cheshire, although other areas nearer Manchester lie within the historic boundaries of the county.In the 1950s, two overspill...

 in 1901, and the wards were restructured again, splitting Cheadle Hulme into north and south, and merging in Adswood. Due to the fast-paced growth of the district, the wards were again restructured in 1930, with the addition of Heald Green
Heald Green
Heald Green is a suburb of Stockport, Greater Manchester, England. It is situated in the south-west of the borough and is bordered by Gatley and Cheadle to the north, Cheadle Hulme to the east, Handforth and Styal to the south and Wythenshawe to the west...

. In 1940 the current wards of Adswood, Cheadle East, Cheadle West, Cheadle Hulme North, Cheadle Hulme South, Gatley and Heald Green were established. Under the Local Government Act 1972
Local Government Act 1972
The Local Government Act 1972 is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom that reformed local government in England and Wales on 1 April 1974....

 the Cheadle and Gately Urban District was abolished, and Cheadle has, since 1 April 1974, formed an unparished area
Unparished area
In England, an unparished area is an area that is not covered by a civil parish. Most urbanised districts of England are either entirely or partly unparished. Many towns and some cities in otherwise rural districts are also unparished areas and therefore no longer have a town council or city...

 of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport
Metropolitan Borough of Stockport
The Metropolitan Borough of Stockport is a metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in north west England, centred around the town of Stockport. It has a population of about 280,600 and includes the outyling areas of Cheadle and Cheadle Hulme, Marple, Bredbury, Reddish and Romiley...

 within the metropolitan county
Metropolitan county
The metropolitan counties are a type of county-level administrative division of England. There are six metropolitan counties, which each cover large urban areas, typically with populations of 1.2 to 2.8 million...

 of Greater Manchester
Greater Manchester
Greater Manchester is a metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 2.6 million. It encompasses one of the largest metropolitan areas in the United Kingdom and comprises ten metropolitan boroughs: Bolton, Bury, Oldham, Rochdale, Stockport, Tameside, Trafford, Wigan, and the...

.

Since 1950 Cheadle has been part of the Cheadle parliamentary constituency, and has been represented by Liberal Democrat
Liberal Democrats
The Liberal Democrats are a social liberal political party in the United Kingdom which supports constitutional and electoral reform, progressive taxation, wealth taxation, human rights laws, cultural liberalism, banking reform and civil liberties .The party was formed in 1988 by a merger of the...

 member Mark Hunter
Mark Hunter (politician)
Mark James Hunter is a British Liberal Democrat politician who is the current Member of Parliament for Cheadle.-Education and background:...

 since 2005. Three councillors serve on the borough council.

Education

The following educational establishments are in Cheadle:

Primary schools
  • Cheadle Primary School
  • Ladybridge Primary School
  • Meadowbank Primary School


Secondary schools
  • The Kingsway School
    The Kingsway School
    The Kingsway School is a coeducational comprehensive state secondary school in Stockport, Greater Manchester. It has specialist status in Mathematics, Science and Computing....



Special schools
  • Together Trust (made up of Child and Youth Care Education Service (CYCES) and Inscape House)


Independent schools
  • Lady Barn House School
    Lady Barn House School
    Lady Barn House School is an independent primary school on Schools Hill in Cheadle, Greater Manchester, . It was originally in Fallowfield, Manchester, but moved to its present location in the 1950s. It was founded in 1873 by W. H...


Cheadle Blitz

Cheadle suffered at the hands of the German Luftwaffe with civilian casualties, with the first raid taking place on the night of 24 December, 1940. The planes are believed to have been twin-engined Heinkel bombers, which came under local fire from mobile anti-aircraft battery at the junction of Kingsway and Broadway. A 1000 pound landmine was released on a target thought to be a factory manufacturing aircraft wings, however the bomb missed the factory altogether, landing directly on a house in Bulkeley Road, Cheadle. The second air raid took place on the night of 4 February, 1941 where a lone bomber made a direct hit on a house in Stockport Road. Both occupants, mother and daughter, were killed outright as was a local fire watcher, Robert Campbell. The last victim, also a fire watcher, received wounds which took his life the next day.
Those who lost their lives:
  • Ronald Frederick Harrison
  • Miss Nora Jackson
  • John Thomas Lydiatt
  • Agnes Mary Roughton Bennison
  • Kathleen Mary Bennison
  • Robert Campbell


The above named are buried in Cheadle & Gatley Cemetery.
Maria Brookes is buried in Hayhead, whilst Fred Miller is buried in Denton.

All eight casualties are named on the war memorial located in Cheadle Village. Unusually, "Cheadle is one of the few villages which named its air raid victims on the War Memorial located in Cheadle Village."

Transport

Cheadle's public transport is now confined to buses operated by several firms. However from 1866 until 1964 the locality was served by a Cheshire Lines Committee
Cheshire Lines Committee
The Cheshire Lines Committee was the second largest joint railway in Great Britain, with 143 route miles. Despite its name, approximately 55% of its system was in Lancashire. In its publicity material it was often styled as the Cheshire Lines Railway...

 railway station (initially called Cheadle, from 1950 Cheadle North) situated 600 yards (548.6 m) north of the village on the west side of Manchester Road and from 1866 until 1917 by a London & North Western Railway station located next to the railway overbridge near the centre of the village. Both stations were on lines leading from Altrincham
Altrincham
Altrincham is a market town within the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, in Greater Manchester, England. It lies on flat ground south of the River Mersey about southwest of Manchester city centre, south-southwest of Sale and east of Warrington...

 to Stockport
Stockport
Stockport is a town in Greater Manchester, England. It lies on elevated ground southeast of Manchester city centre, at the point where the rivers Goyt and Tame join and create the River Mersey. Stockport is the largest settlement in the metropolitan borough of the same name...

.

East Didsbury
East Didsbury railway station
East Didsbury is a suburban railway station in the south of the city of Manchester, England.It stands on the Styal Line, between Longsight and Wilmslow...

 within the City of Manchester's boundaries is currently the nearest station to Cheadle.

Present day

Cheadle has continued to thrive primarily due to its location near the southern tip of Greater Manchester. The neighbouring district of Cheadle Hulme borders onto Cheshire. Cheadle is accessed by the M60 Manchester orbital
M60 motorway
The M60 motorway, or Manchester Orbital, is an orbital motorway circling Greater Manchester, a metropolitan county in North West England. It passes through all Greater Manchester's metropolitan boroughs except for Wigan and Bolton...

 motorway. It is situated approximately 8 miles from Manchester City Centre, approximately 3 miles from Stockport Town Centre, and approximately 4 miles from Manchester Airport.

A number of houses in Cheadle that were built in the 1800s still stand today. The houses in the conservation area in the centre of the village, near the railway bridge by the Ashlea pub, and both Frances Street and Brook Street have an abundance of old world character and charm rarely seen in South Manchester urban sprawl.

There is also a Manchester overspill council estate that was constructed shortly after the Second World War. Since April 2008, these homes were transferred to Mossbank Homes.

Cheadle is home to the HQ of sportswear giants Umbro
Umbro
Umbro is an English sportswear and football equipment supplier based in Cheadle, Greater Manchester, England. The company is now part of Nike. Umbro designs, sources, and markets sport-related apparel, footwear, and equipment...

.

See also

  • Cheadle - The Cheadle constituency.
  • Cheadle Town Football Club
    Cheadle Town F.C.
    Cheadle Town F.C. are a football club based in Cheadle, in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, Greater Manchester. They were established in 1961 and joined the North West Counties Football League in 1983. They are currently members of the North West Counties Football League Division One...

  • Cheadle, Alberta, Canada
    Cheadle, Alberta
    Cheadle is a hamlet in Alberta, Canada, within Wheatland County. It is located on Highway 24, south of the Highway 1 and approximately east of the City of Calgary....

    - A Canadian town, also called Cheadle

External links

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