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Charles Mangin
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Charles Marie Emmanuel Mangin (6 July 1866 – 12 May 1925) was a French general during World War I. A graduate of Saint-Cyr, Mangin served in Sudan (under Jean-Baptiste Marchand) and in French North Africa before taking part in the World War. During the war he rose from divisional command to that of the 10th Army for the Second Battle of the Marne commanding both French and American troops. Nicknamed "the Butcher" for his espousal of la guerre à outrance and his faith in the suitability of North African troops for the attack, there was no doubt in the French Army that Mangin was personally fearless.
During that war, he had notable victories at Charleroi and then at Verdun, but his reputation suffered following the disastrous Nivelle Offensive, (16 April–9 May 1917).
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Charles Marie Emmanuel Mangin (6 July 1866 – 12 May 1925) was a French general during World War I. A graduate of Saint-Cyr, Mangin served in Sudan (under Jean-Baptiste Marchand) and in French North Africa before taking part in the World War. During the war he rose from divisional command to that of the 10th Army for the Second Battle of the Marne commanding both French and American troops. Nicknamed "the Butcher" for his espousal of la guerre à outrance and his faith in the suitability of North African troops for the attack, there was no doubt in the French Army that Mangin was personally fearless.
During that war, he had notable victories at Charleroi and then at Verdun, but his reputation suffered following the disastrous Nivelle Offensive, (16 April–9 May 1917). This was due partly to the fact that Mangin was one of the few high-ranking French officials who supported Nivelle's strategy.
Mangin's Sixth Army bore the brunt of the main attack during the Second Battle of the Aisne, the main component of Robert Nivelle's costly assault. After the failed operation was abandoned, both Mangin and Nivelle were removed from effective command. However, following Ferdinand Foch's promotion to Allied Supreme Commander (over Philippe Pétain), Mangin was recalled upon the orders of Prime Minister Clemenceau and given command initially of a corps and then of the French Tenth Army on the Western Front.
Although he was despised by his troops (who gave him the nickname "The Butcher"), Mangin's 10th Army was responsible for the crucial Allied counter-attack at the Second Battle of the Marne. It was this that largely promoted his military reputation. Mangin also became known for the observation: "Whatever you do," (i.e. attack or defend) "you lose a lot of men."
In the closing months of the war, he served as part of General Castelnau's Army Group East, advancing towards Metz. After the Allied victory, Mangin's 10th Army was sent to occupy the Rhineland. There, Mangin became the focus of controversy due to his attempts to foster pro-French Nationalism with the aim of separating it from Germany and thus denying Germany the West bank of the Rhine. Mangin became a member of the Supreme War Council and inspector general of French colonial troops. He fell seriously ill at his Paris home on the 9 March 1925, suffering from incredible pain. He became incoherent and partly paralysed. On the 10th he was diagnosed as suffering from appendicitis and as having suffered a stroke. He died at 9am two days later, 12 March. His remains were interred in Les Invalides in 1932, and a statue erected in his honour in 1928.
The statue of Mangin was destroyed in 1940 after the armistice. Adolf Hitler was scheduled to visit Napoleon's tomb and the statue, being a reminder of Mangin's machinations in the Rhineland, was dynamited. In 1957 a new statue was erected on the avenue de Breteuil.
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