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Charles IV, Duke of Mantua

 

 
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Charles IV, Duke of Mantua
 
 
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Charles IV, Duke of Mantua (August 31 1652 – July 5 1708) was the only child of Duke Charles III
Charles III, Duke of Mantua

Charles III, Duke of Mantua was the son of Duke Charles II Gonzaga of Duke of Rethel, Duke of Nevers, Mantua and Montferrat and Maria Gonzaga....
 of Mantua
Mantua

Mantua is a city in Lombardy, Italy and capital of the Province of Mantua of the same name.Mantua is surrounded on three sides by artificial lakes created during the 12th century....
 and Montferrat
Montferrat

Montferrat is part of the region of Piedmont in Northern Italy. It comprises roughly the modern provinces of Province of Alessandria and Province of Asti....
, and the last ruler of the Duchy of Mantua
Duchy of Mantua

The Duchy of Mantua was a duchy in Lombardy, Northern Italy, subject to the Holy Roman Empire....
 of the House of Gonzaga
House of Gonzaga

The Gonzaga family ruled Mantua in Northern Italy from 1328 to 1708. See Duchy of Mantua for a list of rulers.In 1433, Gianfrancesco I Gonzaga assumed the title of Marquis of Mantua, and in 1530 Federico II of Gonzaga received the title of Duke of Mantua....
.

Born in Revere
Revere (Italy)

Revere is a comune in the Province of Mantua in Lombardy, northern Italy, located about 160 km southeast of Milan and about 30 km southeast of Mantua....
, Charles IV first married Anna Isabella Gonzaga (d. August 11 1703), daughter of Ferrante III
List of rulers of Guastalla

Guastalla is a town in Emilia-Romagna, on the right bank of the Po River. The county of Guastalla existed from 1406 until 1746, being raised to the Ducal status in 1621....
 Gonzaga, sovereign Duke
Duke

A duke is a member of the nobility, historically of highest rank below the monarch, and historically controlling a duchy or a dukedom. The title comes from the Latin language Dux Bellorum, which had the sense of "military commander" and was employed by both the Germanic peoples themselves and by the Ancient Rome authors covering them to r...
 of Guastalla
Guastalla

Guastalla is a town and commune in the province of Reggio Emilia in Emilia-Romagna, Italy....
. On November 8 1704 he married secondly Susanne de Lorraine
House of Guise

The House of Guise was a French ducal family, partly responsible for the French Wars of Religion.The Guises were Counter Reformation, and Henry I, Duke of Guise wanted to end growing Calvinist influence....
  (February 1 1686-December 19 1710), daughter of Charles III duc d'Elbeuf
Lords, Marquesses and Dukes of Elbeuf

The Seigneurie of Elbeuf, later a marquisate and duchy, was based on the territory of Elbeuf in the Vexin, ruled first by the Count of Valois and then the Counts of Meulan before passing to the Lords of Harcourt....
 by his third wife, Françoise de Montault de Navailles, daughter of Philipe de Montault de Bénac, duc de Navailles.






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Charles IV, Duke of Mantua (August 31 1652 – July 5 1708) was the only child of Duke Charles III
Charles III, Duke of Mantua

Charles III, Duke of Mantua was the son of Duke Charles II Gonzaga of Duke of Rethel, Duke of Nevers, Mantua and Montferrat and Maria Gonzaga....
 of Mantua
Mantua

Mantua is a city in Lombardy, Italy and capital of the Province of Mantua of the same name.Mantua is surrounded on three sides by artificial lakes created during the 12th century....
 and Montferrat
Montferrat

Montferrat is part of the region of Piedmont in Northern Italy. It comprises roughly the modern provinces of Province of Alessandria and Province of Asti....
, and the last ruler of the Duchy of Mantua
Duchy of Mantua

The Duchy of Mantua was a duchy in Lombardy, Northern Italy, subject to the Holy Roman Empire....
 of the House of Gonzaga
House of Gonzaga

The Gonzaga family ruled Mantua in Northern Italy from 1328 to 1708. See Duchy of Mantua for a list of rulers.In 1433, Gianfrancesco I Gonzaga assumed the title of Marquis of Mantua, and in 1530 Federico II of Gonzaga received the title of Duke of Mantua....
.

Born in Revere
Revere (Italy)

Revere is a comune in the Province of Mantua in Lombardy, northern Italy, located about 160 km southeast of Milan and about 30 km southeast of Mantua....
, Charles IV first married Anna Isabella Gonzaga (d. August 11 1703), daughter of Ferrante III
List of rulers of Guastalla

Guastalla is a town in Emilia-Romagna, on the right bank of the Po River. The county of Guastalla existed from 1406 until 1746, being raised to the Ducal status in 1621....
 Gonzaga, sovereign Duke
Duke

A duke is a member of the nobility, historically of highest rank below the monarch, and historically controlling a duchy or a dukedom. The title comes from the Latin language Dux Bellorum, which had the sense of "military commander" and was employed by both the Germanic peoples themselves and by the Ancient Rome authors covering them to r...
 of Guastalla
Guastalla

Guastalla is a town and commune in the province of Reggio Emilia in Emilia-Romagna, Italy....
. On November 8 1704 he married secondly Susanne de Lorraine
House of Guise

The House of Guise was a French ducal family, partly responsible for the French Wars of Religion.The Guises were Counter Reformation, and Henry I, Duke of Guise wanted to end growing Calvinist influence....
  (February 1 1686-December 19 1710), daughter of Charles III duc d'Elbeuf
Lords, Marquesses and Dukes of Elbeuf

The Seigneurie of Elbeuf, later a marquisate and duchy, was based on the territory of Elbeuf in the Vexin, ruled first by the Count of Valois and then the Counts of Meulan before passing to the Lords of Harcourt....
 by his third wife, Françoise de Montault de Navailles, daughter of Philipe de Montault de Bénac, duc de Navailles. This marriage was childless.

Frustrated by the Austrians in the conquest
Conquest

Conquest may refer to:...
 of Guastalla, he concluded a pact
Treaty

A Treaty is an agreement under international law entered into by actors in international law, namely states and international organizations. A Treaty may also be known as: agreement, protocol, covenant, convention, exchange of letters, etc....
 with Louis XIV of France on December 8 1678, selling Casale
Casale Monferrato

Casale Monferrato is a town in the Piedmont region of north-west Italy, part of the province of Alessandria. It is situated about 60 km east of Turin on the right bank of the Po River, where the river runs at the foot of the Monferrato hills....
. In this context his minister
Minister (government)

A minister is a politician who holds significant public office in a national or regional government. Senior ministers are members of the Cabinet , usually led by a monarch, Governor-General, or president....
, Count Ercole Antonio Mattioli
Ercole Antonio Mattioli

Ercole Antonio Mattioli was a minister of Duke Charles IV of Mantua. He was kidnapped and imprisoned by Louis XIV of France. He has been associated with the Man in the Iron Mask....
, might have become the Man in the Iron Mask
Man in the Iron Mask

The 'Man in the Iron Mask' was a prisoner who was held in a number of jails, including the Bastille and the Fortress of Pinerolo, during the reign of Louis XIV of France of France....
, being imprisoned in Pinerolo
Pinerolo

Pinerolo is a town and comune in north-western Italy, 40 kilometres southwest of Turin on the river Chisone....
 since April 1679 for disclosing this pact to the enemies of France.

The duke denied everything, but concluded a new pact with the French in 1681, obtaining thereby a yearly pension of sixty thousand lire
Lira

Lira was the common currency for RomeLira is the name of the Currency of a number of countries, as well as the former currency of Italy, Malta, San Marino and the Vatican City....
, a career as an army general, and a part in any future French conquests in Italy. The French occupied Casale on September 29, 1681, and the Duke of Mantua lost respect in Italy.

Charles again chose the French side in the War of the Spanish Succession
War of the Spanish Succession

War of the Spanish Succession was a war fought in 1701-1714, in which several European powers combined to stop a possible unification of the Kingdoms of Spain and France under a single Bourbon monarch, upsetting the European Balance of power in international relations....
. He paid heavily for his choice, when the French were chased back over the Alps
Alps

The Alps is the name for one of the great mountain range systems of Europe, stretching from Austria and Slovenia in the east; through Italy, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Germany; to France in the west....
 in 1706. Already declared a traitor in 1701 by Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor
Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor

Joseph I , Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia, King of Hungary, King of the Romans was the elder son of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor and his third wife, Eleonore-Magdalena of Pfalz-Neuburg, who was the daughter of Philipp Wilhelm, Elector Palatine....
, all his possessions were confiscated in 1708.

The House of Savoy
House of Savoy

The House of Savoy was formed in the early eleventh century in the historical Savoy region. Through gradual expansion, it grew from ruling a small county in that region to eventually rule the Kingdom of Italy until the end of the Second World War....
 obtained the remaining half of Montferrat
Montferrat

Montferrat is part of the region of Piedmont in Northern Italy. It comprises roughly the modern provinces of Province of Alessandria and Province of Asti....
, having already conquered the first half in the War of the Mantuan Succession
War of the Mantuan Succession

The War of the Mantuan Succession was a peripheral part of the Thirty Years' War. Its casus belli was the extinction of the direct male line of the House of Gonzaga in December 1627....
 in 1631. The Duchy of Mantua
Duchy of Mantua

The Duchy of Mantua was a duchy in Lombardy, Northern Italy, subject to the Holy Roman Empire....
 became Austrian and ceased to exist. Charles died the same year in Padua
Padua

Padua is a city in the Veneto, northern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Padua and the economic and communications hub of the area. Padua's population is 212,500 ....
.

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