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Charles-Émile Reynaud was a French science teacher, responsible for the first projected animated cartoon films.
Reynaud created the
PraxinoscopeThe praxinoscope was an animation device, the successor to the zoetrope. It was invented in France in 1877 by Charles-Émile Reynaud. Like the zoetrope, it used a strip of pictures placed around the inner surface of a spinning cylinder...
in 1877 and the
Théâtre OptiqueThe Théâtre Optique was a moving picture show presented by Charles-Émile Reynaud in 1892. It was the first presentation of projected moving images to an audience, predating Auguste and Louis Lumière's first public performance by three years.- History :...
in December 1888, and on 28 October 1892 he projected the first animated film in public,
Pauvre PierrotPauvre Pierrot is an 1892 French short animated film directed by Charles-Émile Reynaud. It consists of 500 individually painted images and lasts about 15 minutes....
, at the
Musée GrévinThe Musée Grévin is a waxwork museum in Paris located on the Grands Boulevards in the IXe arrondissement on the right bank of the Seine, at 10, Boulevard Montmartre, Paris, France. It is open daily; an admission fee is charged....
in Paris. This film is also notable as the first known instance of
film perforationsFilm perforations, also known as perfs, are the holes placed in the film stock during manufacturing and used for transporting and steadying the film. Films may have different types of perforations depending on film gauge, film format, and the intended usage...
being used.
Ryanaud died in a hospice on the banks of the Seine where he had been cared for since 29 March 1917. His late years were tragic from 1910 when, crushed by the new Cinematograph, dejected and penniless, he threw the greater part of his irreplaceable work and unique equipment into the Seine as the public had deserted his "Théatre Optique" shows which had been a celebrated attraction at the Musée Grevin between 1892 and 1900.
Some of his first creations (1877-1879)
Série 1
- L'Aquarium
- Le Jongleur
- L'Equilibriste
- Le Repas des Poulets
- Les Bulles de Savon
- Le Rotisseur
- La Danse sur la Corde
- Les Chiens Savants
- Le Jeu de Corde
- Zim, Boum, Boum
Série 2
- Les Scieurs de Long
- Le Jeu du Volant
- Le Moulin à Eau
- Le Déjeuner de Bébé
- La Rosace Magique
- Les Papillons
- Le Trapèze
- La Nageuse
- Le Singe Musicien
- La Glissade
Série 3
- La Charmeuse
- La Balançoire
- L'Hercule
- Les Deux Espiègles
- Le Fumeur
- Le Jeu de grâces
- L'Amazone
- Le Steeple-chase
- Les Petits valseurs
- Les Clowns
His films were not photographed, but drawn directly onto the transparent strip. In 1900, more than 500,000 people had attended these screenings.
His inventions
- The praxinoscope
The praxinoscope was an animation device, the successor to the zoetrope. It was invented in France in 1877 by Charles-Émile Reynaud. Like the zoetrope, it used a strip of pictures placed around the inner surface of a spinning cylinder...
, in 1876,
- The praxinoscope-jouet( praxinoscope-toy ), in 1877.
- The praxinoscope-théâtre, in 1879.
- The praxinoscope of projection, in 1880.
- Comics with central perforation
A perforation is a small hole in a thin material or web. There is usually more than one perforation in an organized fashion, where all of the holes are called a perforation...
.
- The théâtre optique
The Théâtre Optique was a moving picture show presented by Charles-Émile Reynaud in 1892. It was the first presentation of projected moving images to an audience, predating Auguste and Louis Lumière's first public performance by three years.- History :...
, in 1888,
- The stéréo-cinéma, in 1907, Pictures and some animations in3D.
Books and references
- Dominique Auzel, Émile Reynaud et l'image s'anima biographie d'Émile Reynaud
- éditions du May (1992), ISBN 2-906450-72-3 (photos en couleurs)
- And at Dreamland éditeur (2000), ISBN 2-910027-37-6 (photos en noir et blanc)
External links