Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR
Encyclopedia
The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, led by a chairman, was the de jure
leader office of the Russian SFSR between 1938 and 1990. He was elected by the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.
until late into the perestroika
period and since real executive power was in the hands of the Soviet Communist Party until 1990, the Supreme Soviet and the Chairman's office were mostly ceremonial. However, they became important in early 1990 when a newly elected Russian Congress of People's Deputies was split between Communist loyalists and their opponents. After days of parliamentary maneuvering, Boris Yeltsin
was elected Chairman in May 1990. Soon thereafter, he resigned from the Communist Party and started building an independent power base within the Russian SFSR, which proved to be an important step on the way to the Soviet collapse in late 1991.
Note: In early 1991, the post of President of Russia was created and executive powers were transferred from the Supreme Soviet to the President. The responsibilities of the Supreme Soviet Chairman were limited to those of a parliamentary speaker. Boris Yeltsin won the first presidential election in June 1991 and, upon inauguration, resigned from the office of the Supreme Soviet Chairman. He was succeeded by:
. Supreme Soviet was succeeded by:
De jure
De jure is an expression that means "concerning law", as contrasted with de facto, which means "concerning fact".De jure = 'Legally', De facto = 'In fact'....
leader office of the Russian SFSR between 1938 and 1990. He was elected by the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.
Predecessor offices
The office was created as a replacement for the office of Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets.Political Significance
Since the Russian SFSR enjoyed only limited autonomy within the Soviet UnionSoviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
until late into the perestroika
Perestroika
Perestroika was a political movement within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union during 1980s, widely associated with the Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev...
period and since real executive power was in the hands of the Soviet Communist Party until 1990, the Supreme Soviet and the Chairman's office were mostly ceremonial. However, they became important in early 1990 when a newly elected Russian Congress of People's Deputies was split between Communist loyalists and their opponents. After days of parliamentary maneuvering, Boris Yeltsin
Boris Yeltsin
Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin was the first President of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999.Originally a supporter of Mikhail Gorbachev, Yeltsin emerged under the perestroika reforms as one of Gorbachev's most powerful political opponents. On 29 May 1990 he was elected the chairman of...
was elected Chairman in May 1990. Soon thereafter, he resigned from the Communist Party and started building an independent power base within the Russian SFSR, which proved to be an important step on the way to the Soviet collapse in late 1991.
Officeholders
- Aleksey Badeyev (1938–1944)
- Nikolay ShvernikNikolay ShvernikNikolay Mikhailovich Shvernik was a Russian politician, who was the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR from March 19, 1946 until March 15, 1953...
(1944–1946) - Ivan Vlasov (1946–1950)
- Mikhail Tarasov (1950–1959)
- Nikolay Ignatov (1959)
- Nikolay Organov (1959–1962)
- Nikolay Ignatov (1962–1966)
- Mikhail YasnovMikhail YasnovMikhail Alekseyevich Yasnov was a Soviet politician. He was Chairman of Moscow City Executive Committee and head of Moscow in 1950–1956.In 1956–1957 he was the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Russian SFSR...
(1966–1985) - Vladimir Orlov (1985–1988)
- Vitaly VorotnikovVitaly VorotnikovVitaly Ivanovich Vorotnikov was a Soviet-Russian statesman who was from 1983 to 1988 the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, and from 1988 to 1990 Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR.-References:...
(1988–1990) - Boris YeltsinBoris YeltsinBoris Nikolayevich Yeltsin was the first President of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999.Originally a supporter of Mikhail Gorbachev, Yeltsin emerged under the perestroika reforms as one of Gorbachev's most powerful political opponents. On 29 May 1990 he was elected the chairman of...
(May 29, 1990 – July 10, 1991)
Note: In early 1991, the post of President of Russia was created and executive powers were transferred from the Supreme Soviet to the President. The responsibilities of the Supreme Soviet Chairman were limited to those of a parliamentary speaker. Boris Yeltsin won the first presidential election in June 1991 and, upon inauguration, resigned from the office of the Supreme Soviet Chairman. He was succeeded by:
- Ruslan KhasbulatovRuslan KhasbulatovRuslan Imranovich Khasbulatov is a Russian economist and politician of Chechen descent who played a central role in the events leading to the 1993 constitutional crisis in the Russian Federation.-Early life:...
(October 29, 1991 – October 4, 1993), acting Chairman from July 10, 1991
Successor offices
After the dissolution of the Soviet Union on December 25, 1991, the Russian Supreme Soviet became the acting parliament of the Russian Federation with Khasbulatov as Chairman. It was dissolved during the Russian constitutional crisis of 1993Russian constitutional crisis of 1993
The constitutional crisis of 1993 was a political stand-off between the Russian president and the Russian parliament that was resolved by using military force. The relations between the president and the parliament had been deteriorating for a while...
. Supreme Soviet was succeeded by:
- Federal Assembly of RussiaFederal Assembly of RussiaThe Federal Assembly of Russia is the legislature of the Russian Federation, according to the Constitution of Russian Federation, 1993...
(1993 – present)
See also
- All-Russian Central Executive CommitteeAll-Russian Central Executive CommitteeAll-Russian Central Executive Committee , was the highest legislative, administrative, and revising body of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. Although the All-Russian Congress of Soviets had supreme authority, in periods between its sessions its powers were passed to VTsIK...