Chagatai Khans
Encyclopedia
The Chagatai Khans were the heads of the Chagatai ulus from Chagatai Khan's
inheritance of the state in 1227 to their removal from power by the Dzungars and their vassals in 1687. The power of the Chagatai Khans varied; from its beginning, the khanate was one of the weakest of the Mongol states, and often its rulers were merely figureheads for ambitious conquerors (see Kaidu
and Timur
).
Note: The following list is incomplete and, at times, possibly slightly inaccurate. It also excludes several collateral lines that ruled over minor territories and were relatively unimportant.
Chagatai and Western Chagatai (Ma wara'un-Nahr
From 1270 until 1304, the Chagatai Khans were puppets of Kaidu and his son Chapar.
The Chagatai Khanate is split into two parts, western and eastern (Moghulistan
). For the eastern khans, see Khans of Moghulistan, below.
From 1370 on, the Chagatai Khans were puppets of Timur.
Transoxiana remained in the hands of Timur and his successors.
Moghulistan split in two, western and eastern (Uyghurstan). For the khans of Turfan, see Khans of Uyghurstan, below.
In 1508, Uzbek Khan Seybani conquered Tashkent. Mahmud Khan and his sons executed.
In 1514, He conquered Kashgar and Tarim Basin from Dughlats. And established Yarkand Khanate.
Said Khan successors :
The remnants of the state fell to the Aqtaghlyq, a confederation under the influence of the Dzungars.
Mansur Khan successors :
Annexed by the Dzungars.
Chagatai Khan
Chagatai Khan was the second son of Genghis Khan and first khan and origin of the names of the Chagatai Khanate, Chagatai language and Chagatai Turks....
inheritance of the state in 1227 to their removal from power by the Dzungars and their vassals in 1687. The power of the Chagatai Khans varied; from its beginning, the khanate was one of the weakest of the Mongol states, and often its rulers were merely figureheads for ambitious conquerors (see Kaidu
Kaidu
Kaidu was the leader of the House of Ogedei and the de facto khan of the Chagatai Khanate. He ruled part of modern-day Xinjiang and Central Asia during the 13th century, and actively opposed his uncle, Kublai Khan, who established the Yuan Dynasty in China until his death in 1301...
and Timur
Timur
Timur , historically known as Tamerlane in English , was a 14th-century conqueror of West, South and Central Asia, and the founder of the Timurid dynasty in Central Asia, and great-great-grandfather of Babur, the founder of the Mughal Dynasty, which survived as the Mughal Empire in India until...
).
Note: The following list is incomplete and, at times, possibly slightly inaccurate. It also excludes several collateral lines that ruled over minor territories and were relatively unimportant.
Chagatai and Western Chagatai (Ma wara'un-NahrTransoxianaTransoxiana is the ancient name used for the portion of Central Asia corresponding approximately with modern-day Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, southern Kyrgystan and southwest Kazakhstan. Geographically, it is the region between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers...
) Khans
- Chagatai KhanChagatai KhanChagatai Khan was the second son of Genghis Khan and first khan and origin of the names of the Chagatai Khanate, Chagatai language and Chagatai Turks....
1226-1242 - Qara HülëgüQara HülëgüQara Hülëgü was head of the ulus of the Chagatai Khanate . He was the son of Mö'etüken, and a grandson of Chagatai Khan....
1242-1246 d. 1252 - Yesü MöngkeYesü MöngkeYesü Möngke was head of the ulus of the Chagatai Khanate . He was the son of Chagatai Khan.In or around 1246, he was appointed as khan of the Chagatai Khanate by his cousin the Great Khan Güyük Khan, whom he was friends with, following the deposition of Qara Hülëgü...
1246-1252 - Qara Hülëgü (restored) 1252
- Mubarak ShahMubarak ShahMubarak Shah was head of the Chagatai Khanate . He was the son of Qara Hülëgü and Ergene Khatun, of the Mongol empire....
1252-1260- Orqina Khatun (fem.), regent 1252-1260
- AlghuAlghuAlghu was a khan of the Chagatai Khanate . He was the son of Baidar and the grandson of Chagatai Khan.In 1260 he was appointed as head of the ulus of the Chagatai Khanate by the Great Khan claimant Ariq Böke, in opposition to the child khan Mubarak Shah and his mother Orghina...
1260-1266 - Mubarak Shah (restored) 1266
- BaraqBaraq (Chagatai Khan)Baraq was a khan of the Chagatai Khanate. He was the son of Yesünto'a, and a grandson of Chagatai Khan. A convert to Islam, he took the name Ghiyas-ud-din.-Background:...
1266-1270
From 1270 until 1304, the Chagatai Khans were puppets of Kaidu and his son Chapar.
- NegübeiNegübeiNegübei was a khan of the Chagatai Khanate . He was the son of Sarban.In 1271 Negübei was appointed by Kaidu as head of the Chagatai Khanate. A year after his enthronement, however, he rebelled against his master, possibly in conjunction with the revolts launched by the sons of Alghu and Baraq...
1270-c. 1272 - Buqa TemürBuqa TemürBuqa Temür was a khan of the Chagatai Khanate . He was the son of Qadaqchi.Sometime around 1272 Buqa Temür killed Negübei, who had rosen in revolt against Kaidu. Perhaps as an award for this, Kaidu appointed him as head of the Chagatai Khanate...
c. 1272-1287 - DuwaDuwaDuwa , also known as Du'a, was khan of the Chagatai Khanate . He was the second son of Baraq. He was the longest reigning monarch of the Chagatayid Khanate and accepted the Great Khan's supremacy...
1287-1307 - KönchekKönchekKönchek was Khan of the Chagatai Khanate . He was the son of Duwa.Upon his father's death, Könchek became Khan. His reign only lasted a year, before his death in 1308....
1306-1308 - TaliquTaliquTaliqu was Khan of the Chagatai Khanate . He was the son of Qadaqchi and a princess of Kerman, and a grandson of Büri.Following the death of Könchek, Taliqu seized power and became Khan. As a Muslim, he attempted to convert his subjects; this move was unpopular. This, combined with resentment that...
1308-1309 - KebekKebekKebek was khan of the Chagatai Khanate from 1309 until 1310, and again from c. 1318 until his death.-First Reign:Kebek was the son of Duwa, who was khan from 1282 until 1307...
1309 d. 1325 - Esen Buqa IEsen Buqa IEsen Buqa I was Khan of the Chagatai Khanate . He was the son of Duwa.In 1309 Esen Buqa's brother Kebek ordered a meeting to determine the future of the khanate following his seizure of power...
1309-c. 1318 - Kebek (restored) c. 1318-1325
- EljigideyEljigideyEljigidey was khan of the Chagatai Khanate, a division of the Mongol Empire in 1326-1329. He was the son of Duwa. After the death of his brother Kebek, Eljigidey took control of the Chagatai Khanate. He was involved in the succession struggles of Yuan court from 1327 to 1328. His friend Kusala was...
1326-1329 - Duwa TemurDuwa TemürDuwa Temür or Tore Temur was khan of the Chagatai Khanate for a period in 1329/1330. He was the son of Duwa.He surrendered to the Yuan army in 1313 when Esen Buqa I revolted against Ayurbarwada Khagan whom he had paid tributes before. Duwa Temür became khan by overthrowing his brother Eljigidey...
1329-1330 - Aladdin TarmashirinTarmashirinTarmashirin Khan was the khan of the Chagatai Khanate following Duwa Timur.Tarmashirin is famous for his campaign in India in 1327 before he was enthroned. He destroyed every army on his way to Delhi. The Delhi Sultan gave him a large tribute to spare his life...
1330-1333 - BuzanBuzanBuzan was khan of the Chagatai Khanate from 1333 to 1334 . He was the son of Duwa Temür.Following the death of his uncle Tarmashirin, Buzan took control of the khanate. Sources described him as a Muslim, though he apparently favored the traditional Mongol yasa law...
1333-c. 1334 - ChangshiChangshiChangshi was one of the last effective khans of the Chagatai Khanate. His father was prince Ebugen who was the son of Duwa, the Chagatai Khan....
1334-c. 1338 - Yesun TemurYesun Temur (Chagatai Khanate)Yesun Temur was a pagan khan of Chagatai Khanate. He was a younger brother of Changshi Khan. His name literally means "Nine Iron" in the Mongolian language....
c. 1338-c. 1342 with - 'Ali-Sultan'Ali-SultanAli Khalil, also known as Ali-Sultan , was the khan of the Chagatai Khanate. He was a descendant of Qadan, son of the second Great Khan Ogedei....
c. 1338-c. 1342 - Muhammad I ibn PuladMuhammad I ibn PuladMuhammad I ibn Pulad or Mahummud was a khan of Chagatai Khanate. He was a great-great grandson of Chagatai Khan Baraq.Not much is known about him. According to Shajrat ul Atrak, he tried to halt the political dissolution within his ulus...
c. 1342-1343 - Qazan Khan ibn YasaurQazan Khan ibn Yasaur-Biography:Qazan was the son of Yasa'ur, a Chagatayid prince who had revolted in the 1310s. Upon his ascension to the throne, he attempted to increase his power within the ulus. These measures provoked the anger of the nobility, who threw their support behind the Qara'unas Amir Qazaghan. The two...
1343-1346 - DanishmendjiDanishmendjiDanishmendji was khan of the Chagatai Khanate from 1346 to 1348. He was the second khan of the Chagatai ulus to be descended from Ögedei....
1346-1348
The Chagatai Khanate is split into two parts, western and eastern (Moghulistan
Moghulistan
Moghulistan or Mughalistan is a historical geographic unit in Central Asia that included parts of modern-day Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and the Chinese Autonomous Region of Xinjiang...
). For the eastern khans, see Khans of Moghulistan, below.
- Bayan QuliBayan QulïBayan Qulï was khan of the Chagatai Khanate from 1348 to 1358 and a grandson of Duwa.In 1348 Bayan Qulï was raised to the position of khan by the ruler of the Qara'unas, Amir Qazaghan, who had effectively taken control of the Chagatai ulus in 1346. For the next decade he remained Qazaghan’s...
1348-1358 - Shah TemurShah TemurShah Temur was khan of the Chagatai Khanate for a period in 1358.In 1358 ‘Abdullah, who had recently succeeded Qazaghan to the powerful position of amir of the ulus, executed his father’s puppet khan Bayan Quli and installed Shah Temur in his place...
1358 - Tughluq TemurTughlugh TimurTughlugh Timur was the Khan of Moghulistan from c. 1347 and Khan of the whole Chagatai Khanate from c. 1360 until his death. He is believed to be the son of Esen Buqa...
(in Mogulistan 1348-1363) 1358-1363 - Ilyas Khodja (in Mogulistan 1363-1368) 1363 d. 1368
- Adil-SultanAdil-SultanAdil-Sultan was khan of the Chagatai Khanate in 1363. He was the son of Muhammad I ibn Pulad...
1363 - Khabul ShahKhabul ShahKhabul Shah was khan of the Chagatai Khanate from 1364 to 1370.Khabul Shah was raised to the head of the Chagatai ulus in 1364 by Amir Husayn, who was at the time the most powerful tribal leader in the region and who had recently withstood an invasion by the Eastern Chaghadaids of Moghulistan....
1364-1370
From 1370 on, the Chagatai Khans were puppets of Timur.
- SuurgatmishSuurgatmishSoyurghatmïsh Khan was Khan of the Western Chagatai Khanate . He was the son of Danishmendji, of the House of Ogedei.When Timur gained control of the territory of the western Chagatai Khanate in the 1360s, he did not abolish the office of khan...
1370-1388 - Sultan MahmudSultan Mahmud (Chagatai)Sultan Mahmud Khan was Khan of the Western Chagatai Khanate . He was the son of Suurgatmish.Upon his father's death in 1384, Sultan Mahmud was made khan by Timur. Like Suurgatmish, Sultan Mahmud was completely powerless, and served as a puppet for Timur. Coins in his name were produced by Timur...
(Mohammed II) 1388-1402
Transoxiana remained in the hands of Timur and his successors.
Khans of Mughalistan
- Tughluq TimurTughlugh TimurTughlugh Timur was the Khan of Moghulistan from c. 1347 and Khan of the whole Chagatai Khanate from c. 1360 until his death. He is believed to be the son of Esen Buqa...
(In Western Chagatai Khanate 1358-1363) 1348-1363 - Ilyas KhojaIlyas KhojaIlyas Khoja was Khan in Transoxiana and Khan of Moghulistan from 1363 to 1368. He was the son of Tughlugh Timur.In 1363 Tughlugh Timur, who had recently taken control of Transoxiana and had executed many of its local leaders, appointed Ilyas Khoja as its ruler...
(in Western Chagatai Khanate 1363) 1363-1368 - Qamar Ud-Din (in KashgarKashgarKashgar or Kashi is an oasis city with approximately 350,000 residents in the western part of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. Kashgar is the administrative centre of Kashgar Prefecture which has an area of 162,000 km² and a population of approximately...
; a usurper) 1368-1392 - Khidr Khoja 1389-1399
- Shams-I-Jahan 1399-1408
- Muhammad Khan 1408-1415
- Naqsh-I-Jahan 1415-1418
- Awais Khan , Uwais KhanUwais KhanAwais Khan:Awais Khan ibn Sher 'Ali was one of the chagatai khans of Mughalistan from 1418-1421 and again from 1425-1429...
ibn Sher 'Ali (also spelled Vais Khan) 1418-1421 d. 1429 - Shir Muhammad ibn Shah Jahan 1421-1425
- Awais Khan , Uwais KhanUwais KhanAwais Khan:Awais Khan ibn Sher 'Ali was one of the chagatai khans of Mughalistan from 1418-1421 and again from 1425-1429...
ibn Sher 'Ali (restored) 1425-1429 - Satuq KhanSatuq KhanSatuq Khan was the Khan of Kashgar from 1429 until his death.Originally a puppet khan of Ulugh Beg, he was stripped of his position and sent to Moghulistan in 1428. Uwais Khan met him in battle but was killed, allowing Satuq Khan to briefly reign supreme...
1429-1434 with - Esen Buqa IIEsen Buqa IIEsen Buqa II was Khan of Moghulistan from 1429 until his death. He was the younger son of Uwais Khan.When Uwais Khan was killed in 1428 the Moghuls were thrown into a state of confusion. Some of them supported Esen Buqa, while others supported his older brother, Yunus Khan...
ibn Uwais Khan 1429-1462 - Yunus KhanYunus KhanYunus Khan , was Khan of Moghulistan from 1462 until his death. He is identified by many historians with Ḥājjī `Ali , of the contemporary Chinese records.- Background and Family :...
(in Uyghurstan 1472-1487) 1462-1487
Moghulistan split in two, western and eastern (Uyghurstan). For the khans of Turfan, see Khans of Uyghurstan, below.
- Mahmud KhanMahmud Khan (Moghul Khan)Sultan Mahmud Khan , was Khan of Tashkent and of the Moghuls of western Moghulistan . He was the eldest son of Yunus Khan...
ibn Yunus Khan 1487-1508
In 1508, Uzbek Khan Seybani conquered Tashkent. Mahmud Khan and his sons executed.
- Mansur Khan ibn AhmadMansur Khan (Moghul Khan)Mansur Khan , was the khan of Eastern Moghulistan from 1503 until his death. He was the eldest son of Ahmad Alach.-Life:...
(Ahmad Khan's Son) (in Turfan 1503-1543) 1508-1514 d. 1543 - Sultan Said KhanSultan Said KhanSultan Said Khan ruled the state of Yarkand in Uyghurstan/Eastern Turkestan from September, 1514, to July, 1533. He was born in 1487 in Moghulistan and was a direct descendant of the first Moghul Khan, Tughlugh Timur, who had founded the state of Moghulistan in 1348...
(Mansur Khan's Brother) 1514-1533
In 1514, He conquered Kashgar and Tarim Basin from Dughlats. And established Yarkand Khanate.
Said Khan successors :
- Abdurashid KhanAbdurashid KhanAbdurashid Khan , was the ruler of Yarkand Khanate in Uyghurstan between 1533 and 1560 years.Khan was a descendant of the first moghul khan-Tughluk Timur Khan and was born in 1508...
(in Aqsu 1521-1533) 1533-1560 - Kuraysh (KhotanKhotanHotan , or Hetian , also spelled Khotan, is the seat of the Hotan Prefecture in Xinjiang, China. It was previously known in Chinese as 于窴/於窴 and to 19th-century European explorers as Ilchi....
1533-1588; Turfan 1570-1588) 1571-1588 - Abdul Karim (Moghul Khan) 1560-1591
- Muhammed II (in Turfan 1588-1591) 1591-1610
- Abd al-Latif Anak Khan 1610-1627
- Shodja ad-Din Ahmad Khan (Pulad Khan) 1627-1632
- Mahmud Sultan (Qilich Khan) 1632-1634
- Shudja ad-Din Ahmad Khan (Pulad Khan)(restored) 1634-1638
- Abdallah (in Turfan 1634/5-1638/9) 1638-1669 d. 1675
- Nur ad-Din 1669
- Ismail (in Aqsu 1666-1670) 1669
- Ilbars 1669-1670
- Ismail Khan(restored) 1670-1678
- Abd ar-Rashid Khan II (in Turfan 1680-1682) 1678-1681
- Appak KhojaAbakh KhojaAbakh Khoja , born Hidayat al-Lah, a.k.a Apaq Xoja, or more properly Āfāq Khwāja was a religious and political leader with the title of Khoja in Kashgaria...
1681-1694 - Yahya Khoja ibn Appaq Khoja 1694-1695
The remnants of the state fell to the Aqtaghlyq, a confederation under the influence of the Dzungars.
Khans of Uyghurstan
- Dost MuhammadDost Muhammad (Moghul Khan)Dost Muhammad Khan was Khan of eastern Moghulistan from 1462 until his death. He was the son of Esen Buqa II.When Esen Buqa died in 1462, the Dughlat amirs were divided over whether they should follow his son Dost Muhammad, who was then seventeen, or his brother Yunus Khan...
1462-1468 - Kebek SultanKebek SultanKebek Sultan Oghlan was Khan of eastern Moghulistan from 1468 or 1469 until his death. He was the only son of Dost Muhammad....
1468-1472 - Yunus KhanYunus KhanYunus Khan , was Khan of Moghulistan from 1462 until his death. He is identified by many historians with Ḥājjī `Ali , of the contemporary Chinese records.- Background and Family :...
(in Mogulistan 1462-1487) 1472-1487 - Ahmad AlaqAhmad AlaqAhmad Alaq , was Khan of eastern Moghulistan from 1487 to 1503. He was the second son of Yunus Khan. His mother was Shah Begum, fourth daughter of Badakhshan prince Lali, who was considered to be the descendant of Alexander the Great....
(in Kashgar 1499-1501) 1487-1503 - Mansur Khan (Moghul Khan)Mansur Khan (Moghul Khan)Mansur Khan , was the khan of Eastern Moghulistan from 1503 until his death. He was the eldest son of Ahmad Alach.-Life:...
(in Mogulistan 1508-1514) 1503-1543
Mansur Khan successors :
- Shah Khan 1543-1570
- Kuraysh (Khotan 1533-1588; Mogulistan 1570-88) 1570-1588
- Muhammad (Moghul Khan) (in Kashgaria 1591-1610) 1588-1591
- Abd ar-Rahim 1591-1634/5 with
- Muhammad Khashim (in Chalish) 1608-1610
- Abdallah (in Chalish, in Kashgaria 1638-1669) 1634/5-1639 with
- Abu'l Muhammad 1635-1653
- Sultan Sa'id Baba Khan 1653 d. 1680
- Ibrahim 1653-1655
- Sultan Sa'id Baba Khan (restored) 1655-1680
- Abd ar-Rashid Khan (in Mogulistan 1678-1681) 1680-1682 d. 1694
Annexed by the Dzungars.