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Cesare Cremonini, sometimes Cesare Cremonino (22 December 1550 - 19 July 1631), was an Italian
Italy

Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
 professor of natural philosophy
Natural philosophy

Natural philosophy or the philosophy of nature , is a term applied to the Objectivity study of nature and the physical universe that was dominant before the development of modern science....
, working rationalism
Rationalism

In epistemology and in its modern sense, rationalism is "any view appealing to reason as a source of knowledge or justification" . In more technical terms it is a method or a theory "in which the criterion of the truth is not sensory but intellectual and deductive" ....
 (against revelation
Revelation

Revelation is the act of revealing or disclosing, or making something obvious and clearly understood through active or passive communication with the divinity....
) and Aristotelian
Aristotle

Aristotle was a Greeks philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. He wrote on many subjects, including physics, metaphysics, Poetics , theater, music, logic, rhetoric, politics, government, ethics, biology and zoology....
 materialism
Materialism

The philosophy of materialism holds that the only thing that can be truly proven to existence is matter, and is considered a form of physicalism....
 (against the dualist immortality of the soul
Dualism (philosophy of mind)

In philosophy of mind, dualism is a set of views about the relationship between mind and matter, which begins with the claim that mind phenomena are, in some respects, non-physical entity....
) inside scholasticism
Scholasticism

Scholasticism was the dominant form of theology and philosophy in the Western Europe in the Middle Ages, particularly in the 12th, 13th, and 14th centuries....
. He signed his Latin
Latin

Latin is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Through the Military history of the Roman Empire, Latin spread throughout the Mediterranean and a large part of Europe....
 texts Cæsar Cremoninus (and its genitive form
Genitive case

In grammar, the genitive case or possessive case is the grammatical case that marks a noun as modifying another noun. It often marks a noun as being the possessor of another noun but it can also indicate various relationships other than possession; certain verbs may take argument in the genitive case; and it may have adverbial uses ....
 Cæsaris Cremonini at the start of some titles), or Cæsar Cremonius.

Considered one of the greatest philosophers in his time, patronized by Alfonso II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara
Alfonso II, Duke of Ferrara

Alfonso II d'Este was duke of Ferrara from 1559 to 1597. He was a member of the house of Este....
, corresponding with kings and princes who had his portrait, paid twice the salary of Galileo Galilei
Galileo Galilei

Galileo Galilei was a Grand Duchy of Tuscany physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution....
, he is now more remembered as an infamous side actor of the Galileo affair
Galileo affair

The Galileo affair, in which Galileo Galilei came into conflict with the Catholic Church over his support of heliocentrism, is often considered a defining moment in the history of the relationship between religion and science....
, being one of the two scholars who refused to look through Galileo's telescope
Telescope

A telescope is an instrument designed for the observation of remote objects by the collection of electromagnetic radiation. The first known practically functioning telescopes were invented in the Netherlands at the beginning of the 17th century....
.






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Cesare Cremonini, sometimes Cesare Cremonino (22 December 1550 - 19 July 1631), was an Italian
Italy

Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
 professor of natural philosophy
Natural philosophy

Natural philosophy or the philosophy of nature , is a term applied to the Objectivity study of nature and the physical universe that was dominant before the development of modern science....
, working rationalism
Rationalism

In epistemology and in its modern sense, rationalism is "any view appealing to reason as a source of knowledge or justification" . In more technical terms it is a method or a theory "in which the criterion of the truth is not sensory but intellectual and deductive" ....
 (against revelation
Revelation

Revelation is the act of revealing or disclosing, or making something obvious and clearly understood through active or passive communication with the divinity....
) and Aristotelian
Aristotle

Aristotle was a Greeks philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. He wrote on many subjects, including physics, metaphysics, Poetics , theater, music, logic, rhetoric, politics, government, ethics, biology and zoology....
 materialism
Materialism

The philosophy of materialism holds that the only thing that can be truly proven to existence is matter, and is considered a form of physicalism....
 (against the dualist immortality of the soul
Dualism (philosophy of mind)

In philosophy of mind, dualism is a set of views about the relationship between mind and matter, which begins with the claim that mind phenomena are, in some respects, non-physical entity....
) inside scholasticism
Scholasticism

Scholasticism was the dominant form of theology and philosophy in the Western Europe in the Middle Ages, particularly in the 12th, 13th, and 14th centuries....
. He signed his Latin
Latin

Latin is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Through the Military history of the Roman Empire, Latin spread throughout the Mediterranean and a large part of Europe....
 texts Cæsar Cremoninus (and its genitive form
Genitive case

In grammar, the genitive case or possessive case is the grammatical case that marks a noun as modifying another noun. It often marks a noun as being the possessor of another noun but it can also indicate various relationships other than possession; certain verbs may take argument in the genitive case; and it may have adverbial uses ....
 Cæsaris Cremonini at the start of some titles), or Cæsar Cremonius.

Considered one of the greatest philosophers in his time, patronized by Alfonso II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara
Alfonso II, Duke of Ferrara

Alfonso II d'Este was duke of Ferrara from 1559 to 1597. He was a member of the house of Este....
, corresponding with kings and princes who had his portrait, paid twice the salary of Galileo Galilei
Galileo Galilei

Galileo Galilei was a Grand Duchy of Tuscany physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution....
, he is now more remembered as an infamous side actor of the Galileo affair
Galileo affair

The Galileo affair, in which Galileo Galilei came into conflict with the Catholic Church over his support of heliocentrism, is often considered a defining moment in the history of the relationship between religion and science....
, being one of the two scholars who refused to look through Galileo's telescope
Telescope

A telescope is an instrument designed for the observation of remote objects by the collection of electromagnetic radiation. The first known practically functioning telescopes were invented in the Netherlands at the beginning of the 17th century....
. Galileo used him as the main prototype for the character Simplicio in his Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems
Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems

The Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems was a 1632 book by Galileo Galilei, comparing the Nicolaus Copernicus system with the traditional Ptolemy system....
.

Biography

Cesare Cremonini was born in Cento
Cento

Cento is a city and commune in the province of Ferrara, part of the region Emilia-Romagna ....
 in the then Papal States
Papal States

The Papal States, State of the Church or Pontifical States were one of the major historical states of Italy from roughly the 6th century until the Italian peninsula was unified in 1861 by the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia ....
. He was a professor of natural philosophy
Natural philosophy

Natural philosophy or the philosophy of nature , is a term applied to the Objectivity study of nature and the physical universe that was dominant before the development of modern science....
 for about 60 years:

  • From 1573 to 1590 at the University of Ferrara
    University of Ferrara

    The University of Ferrara is the main university of the city of Ferrara in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy. In the years prior to the World War I the University of Ferrara, with more than 500 students, was the best attended of the free universities in Italy....
    . Starting at a very young age and considered a great talent, he obtained the patronage of Alfonso II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara
    Alfonso II, Duke of Ferrara

    Alfonso II d'Este was duke of Ferrara from 1559 to 1597. He was a member of the house of Este....
     (to whom he would dedicate his first major book in 1596). The jealousies caused by this protection helped him to eventually accept a position outside his native province.
  • From 1591 to 1631 (his death) at the University of Padua
    University of Padua

    The University of Padua , located in Padua, Italy, was founded in 1222. It is among the earliest of the university and the third oldest in Italy....
     in Padua
    Padua

    Padua is a city in the Veneto, northern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Padua and the economic and communications hub of the area. Padua's population is 212,500 ....
    , then under Republic of Venice
    Republic of Venice

    The Most Serene Republic of Venice or Venetian Republic was a state originating from the city of Venice . It existed for over a millennium, from the late 7th century AD until the year 1797....
     rule (succeeding to Jacopo Zabarella
    Jacopo Zabarella

    Giacomo Zabarella was an Italy Aristotle philosopher and logician. He was accused of atheism for the notable chapter "De inventione ?terni motoris" in his De rebus naturalibus libri XXX....
    , d. 1589), in a chair of natural philosophy and a chair of medicine.


He taught the doctrines of Aristotle
Aristotle

Aristotle was a Greeks philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. He wrote on many subjects, including physics, metaphysics, Poetics , theater, music, logic, rhetoric, politics, government, ethics, biology and zoology....
, especially as interpreted by Alexander of Aphrodisias
Alexander of Aphrodisias

Alexander of Aphrodisias was the most celebrated of the Ancient Greek commentators on the writings of Aristotle. He was styled, by way of pre-eminence, "the expositor" ....
 and Averroes
Averroes

Abu 'l-Walid Mu?ammad ibn A?mad ibn Rushd , better known just as Ibn Rushd , and in European literature as Averroes , was an Al-Andalus-Arab Muslim polymath: a master of early Islamic philosophy, Islamic theology, Maliki Sharia and Fiqh, Logic in Islamic philosophy, Psychology in medieval Islam, Arabic music theory, and the Scien...
.

He was so popular in his time that most kings and princes had his portrait and corresponded with him, sometimes consulting him about private and public affairs. At Padua, his salary was the double of Galileo's. He was especially popular among the French intellectuals who called him "le Cremonin" (the Cremonin); even a remote writer such as Jean-Louis Guez de Balzac
Jean-Louis Guez de Balzac

Jean-Louis Guez de Balzac was a France author....
 mentioned him as "le grand Cremonin" (the great Cremonin) in his Lettres.

Cremonini and Galileo

At Padua, Cremonini was both a rival and a friend of his colleague Galileo (who taught geometry
Geometry

Geometry arose as the field of knowledge dealing with spatial relationships. Geometry was one of the two fields of pre-modern mathematics, the other being the study of numbers....
, mechanics
Mechanics

Mechanics is the branch of physics concerned with the behaviour of physical body when subjected to forces or Displacement , and the subsequent effect of the bodies on their environment....
, and astronomy
Astronomy

Astronomy is the science of Astronomical object and Phenomenon that originate outside the Earth's atmosphere . It is concerned with the evolution, physics, chemistry, meteorology, and motion of celestial objects, as well as the physical cosmology....
 there from 1592 to 1610).

When Galileo claimed he had discovered mountains on the Moon, Cremonini was one of the scholars who sternly refused to even check through the telescope, alleging that Aristotle had definitely proved that the Moon could only be a perfect sphere. Later, Galileo used Cremonini as the main prototype for the character Simplicio in his Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems
Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems

The Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems was a 1632 book by Galileo Galilei, comparing the Nicolaus Copernicus system with the traditional Ptolemy system....
.

But when Galileo was about to move, Cremonini warned him that moving from Venice-ruled Padua to Tuscany
Tuscany

Tuscany is a region in Italy. It has an area of and a population of about 3.6 million inhabitants. The regional capital is Florence.Tuscany is known for its landscapes and its artistic legacy....
 would bring him under the jurisdiction of the Roman Inquisition
Roman Inquisition

The Roman Inquisition was a system of tribunals developed by the Holy See during the second half of the 16th century, responsible for prosecuting individuals accused of a wide array of crimes related to heresy, including sorcery, blasphemy, Judaizing and witchcraft, as well for censorship of printed literature....
.

Cremonini and the Inquisition

Following up on the controversy opened in 1516 by Pietro Pomponazzi
Pietro Pomponazzi

Pietro Pomponazzi was an Italy philosopher. He is sometimes known by his Latin language name, Petrus Pomponatius.Pomponazzi was born in Mantua and began his education there....
 and continued by Jacopo Zabarella
Jacopo Zabarella

Giacomo Zabarella was an Italy Aristotle philosopher and logician. He was accused of atheism for the notable chapter "De inventione ?terni motoris" in his De rebus naturalibus libri XXX....
 (his predecessors in the chair), Cremonini too taught that reason alone cannot demonstrate the immortality of the soul - his blind adherence to Aristotle implying that he believed in the mortality of the soul. After a paper he wrote about the Jesuits, and public statements he made in favor of laic teachers, the Jesuits
Society of Jesus

The Society of Jesus is a Roman Catholic religious order of clerks regular whose members are called Jesuits, Soldiers of Jesus Christ, and Foot soldiers of the Pope, because the founder, Saint Ignatius of Loyola, was a knight before becoming a Holy Orders....
 in Venice accused him of materialism
Materialism

The philosophy of materialism holds that the only thing that can be truly proven to existence is matter, and is considered a form of physicalism....
, then relayed their grievances to Rome. He was prosecuted by the Inquisition for atheism
Atheism

Atheism is the absence or rejection of belief in deity, or the explicit view that Existence of God.Many list of atheists are Skepticism of all supernatural beings and cite a lack of empiricism evidence for the existence of deities....
 and the Averroist heresy
Averroism

Averroism is the term applied to either of two philosophy trends among scholasticism in the late 13th century, the first of which was based on the Early Islamic philosophy Averroes's interpretations of Aristotle and his reconciliation of Aristotelianism with the Islamic faith....
 of "double truth"
Truth

semantic fields for the word truth extend from honesty, good faith, and sincerity in general, to agreement with fact or reality in particular....
, and ordered to refute his claims: as was his manner, Cremonini gently refused to retract himself, sheltering himself behind Aristotle's authority, and because Padua was then under the tolerant Venetian rule, he was kept out of reach of a full trial. (In 1611, the Inquisition would check their proceedings against Cremonini in search of ammunition against his friend Galileo.)

As for the accusations, and beyond Cremonini's teachings: indeed his personal motto was "Intus ut libet, foris ut moris est" (Latin for "In private think what you wish, in public behave as is the custom"), which was taken by humanists
Humanism

Humanism is a broad category of ethics that affirm the dignity and worth of all people, based on the ability to determine right and wrong by appealing to universal human qualities, particularly rationalism, without resorting to the supernatural or alleged divine authority from religious texts....
 as meaning that a scientific thinker could hold one set of opinions as a philosopher, and another set as a Christian
Christianity

Christianity is a Monotheistic religion #Christian view religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus as New Testament view on Jesus' life....
; it was also adopted by European Libertine
Libertine

Libertine has come to mean one devoid of any restraints, especially one who ignores or even spurns religious norms, accepted morals, and forms of behaviour sanctioned by the larger society....
s (brought back to France by his student and confidant Gabriel Naudé
Gabriel Naudé

Gabriel Naud? was a France librarian and scholar. He was a prolific writer who produced works on many subjects including politics, religion, history and the supernatural....
). After his death, Cremonini had his tombstone engraved with "Cæsar Cremoninus hic totus jacet" (Latin for "Here lies all of Cremonini"), implying that no soul survived.

His student Naudé (who had been his confidant for three months) qualified most of his Italian teachers as "Atheists" and especially Cremonini as a "déniaisé" ("one who has been wised up, unfoolish, devirginized", the Libertines' word for unbelievers); he added to his friends, translated, "The Cremonin, Professor of Philosophy in Padua, confessed to a few choice Friends of his that he believed neither in God, nor in Devil
Devil

The Devil is the title given to the supernatural being, who, in mainstream Christianity, Islam, and some other religions, is believed to be a powerful, evil entity and the tempter of humankind....
, nor in the immortality of the soul
Soul

In many religions and parts of philosophy, the soul is the immaterial part of a person. It is usually thought to consist of one's thoughts and Personality psychology, and can be synonymous with the spirit, mind or self....
: yet he was careful that his manservant was a good Catholic
Roman Catholic Church

The Roman Catholic Church, officially known as the Catholic Church is the world's largest Christianity Ecclesia , representing over half of all Christians and one-sixth of the world population....
, for fear he said, should he believe in nothing, that he may one morning cut my throat in my bed". Later, Pierre Bayle
Pierre Bayle

Pierre Bayle was a French philosopher and writer.Pierre Bayle was a Christian scholar who argued that faith could not be justified by reason, on the grounds that God is incomprehensible to man....
 pointed out that Cremonini did not believe in the immortality of the soul (in the "Crémonin" article of his Historical and Critical Dictionary). Gottfried Leibniz
Gottfried Leibniz

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was a Germany polymath who wrote primarily in Latin and French language.He occupies an equally grand place in both the history of philosophy and the history of mathematics....
, in his 1710 Theodicy, dealing with the Averroists, who "declared that man's soul is, according to philosophy, mortal, while they protested their acquiescence in Christian theology, which declares the soul's immortality", says "that very sect of the Averroists survived as a school. It is thought that Caesar Cremoninus, a philosopher famous in his time, was one of its mainstays". Pierre Larousse
Pierre Larousse

Pierre Athanase Larousse was a French grammarian and lexicography born in Toucy. At the age of sixteen he won a scholarship at the teaching school in Versailles....
, in his opinionated Grand dictionnaire universel du XIXe siècle, stated Cremonini was not a Christian.

Death and legacy

When he died in 1631 (during the Paduan outbreak of the Italian Plague of 1629-1631
Italian Plague of 1629-1631

The Italian Plague of 1629?1631 was a series of outbreaks of bubonic plague which occurred from 1629 through 1631 in northern Italy. This epidemic, often referred to as Great Plague of Milan, claimed the lives of approximately 280,000 people, with the cities of Lombardy and Venice experiencing particularly high death rates....
), more than 400 students were working with him. His previous students included, alphabetically:

  • William Harvey
    William Harvey

    William Harvey was an English physician who was the first in the Western world to describe correctly and in exact detail the systemic circulation and properties of blood being pumped around the body by the heart....
    , graduated 1602, an English doctor who was the first to correctly describe the circulation of the blood
  • Joachim Jung, graduated 1619, a German mathematician and naturalist popularized by John Ray
    John Ray

    John Ray was an England Natural history, sometimes referred to as the father of English natural history. Until 1670, he wrote his name as John Wray although no one knows why....
  • Ioannis Kottounios
    Ioannis Kottounios

    Ioannis Kottounios, was an eminent Greek scholar.He was born in Veroia in 1572. He was a student at the Greek college of Ayios Athanasios in Rome ....
    , an eminent Greek scholar and his successor to the chair of philosophy at Padua
  • Giusto Lipsio, an Italian philosopher
  • Gabriel Naudé
    Gabriel Naudé

    Gabriel Naud? was a France librarian and scholar. He was a prolific writer who produced works on many subjects including politics, religion, history and the supernatural....
    , in 1625-27, a French scholar and Cardinal Mazarin's librarian
  • Guy Patin
    Guy Patin

    Guy Patin was a France doctor and man of letters.Guy Patin was headmaster of the School of Medicine in Paris and professor in the Coll?ge de France starting in 1655....
    , a French doctor, headmaster of the School of Medicine in Paris
  • Antonio Rocco
    Antonio Rocco

    Antonio Rocco was an Italy philosophy teacher , and a writer. Ever since 1888 when he was identified as its anonymous author, he is best known for his pederasty text, Alcibiades_the_Schoolboy, written in 1630 and published in 1652....
    , an Italian philosophy teacher and libertine writer
  • Corfitz Ulfeldt
    Corfitz Ulfeldt (1606-1664)

    Corfits Ulfeldt , Denmark statesman, was the son of the chancellor Jacob Ulfeldt . After a careful education abroad, concluding with one year under Cesare Cremonini at Padua, he returned to Denmark in 1629 and quickly won the favor of Christian IV of Denmark....
    , in 1628-29, a famous Danish statesman and traitor


He was buried in the Benedictine
Benedictine

Benedictine refers to the spirituality and consecrated life in accordance with the Rule of St Benedict, written by Benedict of Nursia in the sixth century for the cenobitic communities he founded in central Italy....
 monastery of St. Justina of Padua
Justina of Padua

Saint Justina of Padua is a Christian saint who was said to have been martyr in 304 AD. Justina was said to have been a young woman who took private vows of chastity and was killed during the persecutions of Diocletian....
 (to which he also willed his possessions). His name has been given to several streets ("via Cesare Cremonini" in Cento, "via Cesare Cremonino" in Padua) and an institute ("Istituto Magistrale Cesare Cremonini" in Cento).

Bibliography


Concise bibliography


Below are his main books (many of them including separate treatises), listing only their most usual abridged titles:

  • 1596: Explanatio proœmii librorum Aristotelis De physico auditu
  • 1605: De formis elementorum
  • 1611: De Anima (student transcript of a Cremonini lecture)
  • 1613: Disputatio de cœlo
  • 1616: De quinta cœli substantia (second series of De cœlo)
  • 1626: De calido innato (reprinted in 1634)
  • 1627: De origine et principatu membrorum
  • 163?: De semine (printed or reprinted in 1634)
    --- Posthumous:
  • 1634: De calido innato et semine (expanding 1626 with 163?)
  • 1644: De sensibus et facultate appetitiva
  • 1663: Dialectica


(Not included are poems and other personal texts.)

Extended bibliography



Below are his main books (with usual short titles, original full titles, and indication of some variants or misspellings commonly found in literature). As was the practice of the time, many of them are made of opuscules, separate treatises grouped in a single binding. (Please note that Latin title spelling can vary depending on their grammatical position in a sentence, such as a "tractatus" becoming a "tractatum" in the accusative case
Accusative case

The accusative case of a noun is the grammatical case used to mark the direct object of a transitive verb. The same case is used in many languages for the objects of prepositions....
 when inside a longer title.)

  • 1596: Explanatio proœmii librorum Aristotelis De physico auditu [1+20+22+43+1 folios] (Explanatio proœmii librorum Aristotelis De physico auditu cum introductione ad naturalem Aristotelis philosophiam, continente tractatum de pædia, descriptionemque universæ naturalis Aristoteliæ philosophiæ, quibus adjuncta est præfatio in libros De physico auditu. Ad serenissimum principem Alphonsum II Estensem Ferrariæ ducem augustissimum) also ("Explanatio proœmii librorum Aristotelis De physico auditu, et in eosdem Præfatio, una cum Tractatu de Pædia, seu, Introductione ad philosophiam naturalem Aristotelis.") (ed. Melchiorre Novello as "Melchiorem Novellum") - Padua: Novellum
    • "Tractatus de pædia" alias "De pædia Aristotelis" or sometimes "De pœdia Aristotelis" (also as "Descriptio universæ naturalis Aristoteliæ philosophiæ", or erroneously "Diatyposis universæ naturalis aristotelicæ philosophiæ")
    • "Introductio ad naturalem Aristotelis philosophiam" (sometimes "Introductio ad naturalem Aristotelis philosophiam")
    • "Explanatio proœmii librorum Aristotelis De physico auditu" (sometimes "Explanatio proœmii librorum De physico auditu")
  • 1605: De formis elementorum (Disputatio De formis quatuor corporum simplicium quæ vocantur elementa) - Venice
  • 1611: De Anima (De Anima lectiones 31, opiniones antiquorum de anima lect. 17) - student transcript of a Cremonini lecture
  • 1613: Disputatio de cœlo (Disputatio de cœlo : in tres partes divisa, de natura cœli, de motu cœli, de motoribus cœli abstractis. Adjecta est Apologia dictorum Aristotelis, de via lactea, et de facie in orbe lunæ) - Venice: Thomam Balionum
    • "De cœlo"
      • "De natura cœli"
      • "De motu cœli"
      • "De motoribus cœli abstractis"
    • "De via lactea"
    • "De facie in orbe lunæ"
  • 1616: De quinta cœli substantia (Apologia dictorum Aristotelis, de quinta cœli substantia adversus Xenarcum, Joannem Grammaticum, et alios) - Venice: Meiettum (second series of De cœlo)
  • 1626: De calido innato (Apologia dictorum Aristotelis De calido innato adversus Galenum) - Venice: Deuchiniana (reprinted in 1634)
  • 1627: De origine et principatu membrorum (Apologia dictorum Aristotelis De origine et Principatu membrorum adversus Galenum) - Venice: Hieronymum Piutum
    • "De origine"
    • "De principatu membrorum"
  • 163?: De semine (Expositio in digressionem Averrhois de semine contra Galenum pro Aristotele) - (printed or reprinted in 1634)
    --- Posthumous:
  • 1634: De calido innato et semine (Tractatus de calido innato, et semine, pro Aristotele adversus Galenum) - Leiden: Elzevir (Lugduni-Batavorum) (expanding 1626 with 163?)
    • "De calido innato"
    • "De semine" (Apologia dictorum Aristotelis De Semine)
  • 1644: De sensibus et facultate appetitiva (Tractatus tres : primus est de sensibus externis, secundus de sensibus internis, tertius de facultate appetitiva. Opuscula haec revidit Troylus Lancetta auctoris discipulus, et adnotatiotes confecit in margine) also (Tractatus III : de sensibus externis, de sensibus internis, de facultate appetitiva) (ed. Troilo Lancetta, as "Troilus Lancetta" or "Troilo de Lancettis"), Venice: Guerilios
    • "De sensibus externis"
    • "De sensibus internis"
    • "De facultate appetitiva"
  • 1663: Dialectica (Dialectica, Logica sive dialectica) (ed. Troilo Lancetta, as "Troilus Lancetta" or "Troilo de Lancettis") (sometimes "Dialecticum opus posthumum") - Venice: Guerilios


(Not included are poems and other personal texts.)

Sources

Dictionaries and encyclopedias

  • Pierre Bayle
    Pierre Bayle

    Pierre Bayle was a French philosopher and writer.Pierre Bayle was a Christian scholar who argued that faith could not be justified by reason, on the grounds that God is incomprehensible to man....
    : Dictionaire historique et critique, volume 2, 1697, reprinted Amsterdam: 1740, pp. 224-225,
  • John Gorton: A General Biographical Dictionary, London: Henry G. Bohn, 1828, new edition 1851, page 146,
  • Adolphe Franck: Dictionnaire des sciences philosophiques, volume 1, Paris: Hachette, 1844, pp. 598-599,
  • Ferdinand Hoefer
    Ferdinand Hoefer

    Jean Chr?tien Ferdinand Hoefer was a German-French physician and Lexicography. He is now known for his many works on the history of science. These include:...
     : Nouvelle biographie générale, volume XII, Paris: Firmin-Didot, 1855, second edition 1857, pp. 416-419,
  • Pierre Larousse
    Pierre Larousse

    Pierre Athanase Larousse was a French grammarian and lexicography born in Toucy. At the age of sixteen he won a scholarship at the teaching school in Versailles....
    : Grand dictionnaire universel du XIXe siècle, volume 5, Paris: 1869, page 489, (PDF or TIFF plugin required)
  • Marie-Nicolas Bouillet, Alexis Chassang (ed.): Dictionnaire universel d'histoire et de géographie, 26th edition, Paris: Hachette, 1878, page 474, (PDF or TIFF plugin required)
  • Werner Ziegenfuss: Philosophen-lexikon: Handwörterbuch der Philosophie nach Personen, Walter de Gruyter, 1950, ISBN 3110028964, page 208, article "Cremoninus, Caesar (Cesare Cremonini)"
  • Various: Encyclopædia Universalis, CD-ROM edition: 1996, article "Cremonini, C." (in French)
  • Herbert Jaumann: Handbuch Gelehrtenkultur der Frühen Neuzeit, Walter de Gruyter, 2004, ISBN 3110160692, page 203, article "Cremonini, Cesare"
  • Filosofico.net: Indice alfabetico dei dilosofi, : picture and profile
  • Philosophy Institute of the Düsseldorf University: Philosophengalerie, : another picture, bibliography, literature


Philosophy

  • Léopold Mabilleau: Étude historique sur la philosophie de la Renaissance en Italie, Paris: Hachette, 1881
  • J.-Roger Charbonnel: La pensée italienne au XVIe siècle et le courant libertin, Paris: Champion, 1919
  • David Wootton: "Unbelief in Early Modern Europe", History Workshop Journal, No. 20, 1985, pages 83-101 : Averroes, Pomponazzi, Cremonini


Cremonini and Galileo

  • Evan R. Soulé, Jr.: "The Energy Machine of Joseph Newman", Discover Magazine, May 1987, : telescope incident account
  • Thomas Lessl: "The Galileo Legend", New Oxford Review, June 2000, pp. 27-33, : telescope incident note
  • Paul Newall: "The Galileo Affair", 2005, : telescope incident note (with typo "Cremoni")
  • W.R. Laird: "Venetischer Aristotelismus im Ende der aristotelischen Welt: Aspekte der Welt und des Denkens des Cesare Cremonini (1550-1631)(Review)" in Renaissance Quarterly, 1999, online or
  • Stephen Mason: "Galileo's Scientific Discoveries, Cosmological Confrontations, and the Aftermath", in History of science, volume 40, December 2002, pp. 382-383 (article pp. 6-7), : salary, advices to Galileo
  • Galileo Galilei, Andrea Frova, Mariapiera Marenzana: Thus Spoke Galileo, Oxford University Press, 2006 (translated from a 1998 book), ISBN 0198566255, page 9 : Inquisition


External links

  • (in Italian) including detailed biography, bibliography, literature.
  • (in Italian) 1999 conference about "the masks of Cremonini: Blind Man, Libertine Atheist, Rational Rigorist, and more"


Texts of Cremonini

  • , online scans (Javascript required)