Central Institute for the Deaf
Encyclopedia
Central Institute for the Deaf (CID) is a school for the deaf that teaches students using the auditory-oral approach to education. Founded in 1914 by otologist Max Aaron Goldstein, MD, the school is located in St. Louis, Missouri
St. Louis, Missouri
St. Louis is an independent city on the eastern border of Missouri, United States. With a population of 319,294, it was the 58th-largest U.S. city at the 2010 U.S. Census. The Greater St...

. CID is also an affiliate of Washington University in St. Louis
Washington University in St. Louis
Washington University in St. Louis is a private research university located in suburban St. Louis, Missouri. Founded in 1853, and named for George Washington, the university has students and faculty from all fifty U.S. states and more than 110 nations...

.

The institute was founded by Max Aaron Goldstein in 1914, with a mission of teaching the deaf to lip read
Lip reading
Lip reading, also known as lipreading or speechreading, is a technique of understanding speech by visually interpreting the movements of the lips, face and tongue with information provided by the context, language, and any residual hearing....

 and speak in English, rather than use American Sign Language
American Sign Language
American Sign Language, or ASL, for a time also called Ameslan, is the dominant sign language of Deaf Americans, including deaf communities in the United States, in the English-speaking parts of Canada, and in some regions of Mexico...

. Goldstein built on techniques he had learned at the Vienna Polyclinic in Austria from Victor Urbantschisch regarding methods of teaching the deaf how to speak. Goldstien's plan was to have doctors and teachers at the institute work with parents to help their children speak and included the nation's first training program in auditory-oral deaf education for teachers.

After Dizzy Dean
Dizzy Dean
Jay Hanna "Dizzy" Dean was an American Major League Baseball pitcher. He was the last National League pitcher to win 30 games in one season. Dean was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1953....

 of the St. Louis Cardinals
St. Louis Cardinals
The St. Louis Cardinals are a professional baseball team based in St. Louis, Missouri. They are members of the Central Division in the National League of Major League Baseball. The Cardinals have won eleven World Series championships, the most of any National League team, and second overall only to...

 was hit on the head with a baseball while trying to break up a double play in Game 4 of the 1934 World Series
1934 World Series
The 1934 World Series matched the St. Louis Cardinals against the Detroit Tigers, with the Cardinals' "Gashouse Gang" winning in seven games for their third championship in nine years....

, Goldstein arranged for dean to have a hearing test at the institute.

Hallowell Davis
Hallowell Davis
Hallowell Davis was an American physiologist and otolaryngologist and researcher who did pioneering work on the physiology of hearing and the inner ear. He served as director of research at the Central Institute for the Deaf in St...

 came to St. Louis from Harvard Medical School
Harvard Medical School
Harvard Medical School is the graduate medical school of Harvard University. It is located in the Longwood Medical Area of the Mission Hill neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts....

 and was the institute's director of research. Some of his early work there was done on behalf of the Veterans Administration
United States Department of Veterans Affairs
The United States Department of Veterans Affairs is a government-run military veteran benefit system with Cabinet-level status. It is the United States government’s second largest department, after the United States Department of Defense...

, developing improved hearing aids for those who had suffered hearing loss in combat.

In September 2003 in the wake of financial difficulties, Washington University in St. Louis acquired the institute's research division, formalizing a connection between the two institutions which had been longtime collaborators on research and education related to the deaf.

Notable alumni

  • Heather Whitestone-McCallum
    Heather Whitestone
    Heather Leigh Whitestone McCallum is a former beauty queen who was the first deaf Miss America title holder, having lost most of her hearing at the age of 18 months.-Early life:...

     attended CID from 1984 to 1987. In 1995, Whitestone became the first deaf woman to be crowned Miss America
    Miss America
    The Miss America pageant is a long-standing competition which awards scholarships to young women from the 50 states plus the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands...

    .

External links

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