Cavendish Astrophysics Group

• The Atacama Large Millimeter Array
  ALMA
  ALMA can refer to* ALMA Award* ALMA Magazine* Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award* Association of Loudspeaker Manufacturing & Acoustics International* Atacama Large Millimeter Array...
  
   (ALMA) - several modules of this international project
• The Magdalena Ridge Observatory Interferometer (MRO Interferometer)
• The SKA
  Square Kilometre Array
  The Square Kilometre Array is a radio telescope in development which will have a total collecting area of approximately one square kilometre. It will operate over a wide range of frequencies and its size will make it 50 times more sensitive than any other radio instrument...
  
  

• The Arcminute Microkelvin Imager
  Arcminute Microkelvin Imager
  The Arcminute Microkelvin Imager is an interferometer radio telescope designed principally to image secondary anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background at higher angular resolution than the Very Small Array...
  
   (AMI)
• A Heterodyne Array Receiver for B-band (HARP-B) at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope
  James Clerk Maxwell Telescope
  The James Clerk Maxwell Telescope is an infrared telescope with a primary mirror diameter of 15 metres , also called a submillimetre-wavelength telescope. It is located at Mauna Kea Observatory in Hawaii...
  
  
• The Planck Surveyor
  Planck Surveyor
  Planck is a space observatory designed to observe the anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background over the entire sky, using high sensitivity and angular resolution. Planck was built in the Cannes Mandelieu Space Center by Thales Alenia Space and created as the third Medium-Sized Mission of...
  
  

• The CLOVER telescope
• The Very Small Array
  Very Small Array
  The Very Small Array is a 14-element interferometric radio telescope operating between 26 and 36 GHz that is used to study the cosmic microwave background radiation. It is a collaboration between the University of Cambridge, University of Manchester and the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias ,...
  
  
• The 5km Ryle Telescope
  Ryle Telescope
  The Ryle Telescope was a linear east-west radio telescope array at the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory. In 2004 three of the telescopes were moved to create a compact two-dimensional array of telescopes at the east end of the interferometer. The remaining five antennas were switched off on 19...
  
  
• The Cambridge Optical Aperture Synthesis Telescope (COAST)
  Cambridge Optical Aperture Synthesis Telescope
  COAST, the Cambridge Optical Aperture Synthesis Telescope, is a multi-element optical astronomical interferometer with baselines of up to 100 metres, which uses aperture synthesis to observe stars with angular resolution as high as one thousandth of one arcsecond COAST, the Cambridge Optical...
  
  
• The Cosmic Anisotropy Telescope
  Cosmic Anisotropy Telescope
  The Cosmic Anisotropy Telescope CAT was a three-element interferometer for cosmic microwave background radiation observations at 13 to 17 GHz, based at the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory. In 1995, it was the first instrument to measure small-scale structure in the cosmic microwave background...
  
  
• The Cambridge Low Frequency Synthesis Telescope
  Cambridge Low Frequency Synthesis Telescope
  The Cambridge Low-Frequency Synthesis Telescope is an east-west aperture synthesis radio telescope currently operating at 151 MHz. It consists of 60 tracking yagis on a 4.6 km baseline, giving 776 simultaneous baselines. These provide a resolution of 70×70 cosec arcsec², with a...
  
  
• The Half-Mile Telescope
  Half-Mile Telescope
  The Half-Mile Telescope was constructed in 1968 at the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory with two more aerials being added in 1972, using donated dishes . Two of the dishes are fixed, while two are moveable and share the One-Mile's rail track; to obtain information from the maximum number of...
  
  
• The One-Mile Telescope
  One-Mile Telescope
  The One-Mile Telescope at the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory is an array of radio telescopes designed to perform aperture synthesis interferometry. It was completed by the Radio Astronomy Group of Cambridge University in 1964...
  
  
• The Interplanetary Scintillation Array
  Interplanetary Scintillation Array
  The Interplanetary Scintillation Array was built at the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory in 1967 and originally covered four acres . It was extended in 1978 to nine, and re-furbished in 1989. It operates at 81.5 MHz , and is made up of 4096 dipoles in a phased array. 14 beams can map the...
  
   which discovered the first pulsar
  Pulsar
  Pulsars are highly magnetized, rotating neutron stars that emit a beam of electromagnetic radiation. The observed periods of their pulses range from 1.4 milliseconds to 8.5 seconds. The radiation can only be observed when the beam of emission is pointing towards the Earth. This is called the...
  
  
• The 4C Array
  4C Array
  The 4C Array is a cylindrical paraboloid radio telescope at the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory. It is similar in design to the Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope. It is 450 m long, 20 m wide, with a second, moveable element...
  
   which made the 4C
  Fourth Cambridge Survey
  The Fourth Cambridge Survey is an astronomical catalogue of celestial radio sources as measured at 178 MHz using the 4C Array. It was published in two parts, in 1965 and 1967 , by the Radio Astronomy Group of the University of Cambridge...
  
   catalogue
• The Cambridge Interferometer
  Cambridge Interferometer
  The Cambridge Interferometer was a radio telescope interferometer built by Martin Ryle and Antony Hewish in the early 1950s to the west of Cambridge . The interferometer consisted of an array of 4 fixed elements to survey the sky...
  
  
• The Long Michelson Interferometer
  Long Michelson Interferometer
  The Long Michelson Interferometer was a radio telescope interferometer built by Martin Ryle and co-workers in the late 1940s beside the rifle range to the west of Cambridge, England. The interferometer consisted of 2 fixed elements 440m apart to survey the sky using Earth rotation. It produced the ...
  
  
• Various aperture masking
  Aperture masking interferometry
  Aperture Masking Interferometry is a form of speckle interferometry, allowing diffraction limited imaging from ground-based telescopes. This technique allows ground based telescopes to reach the maximum possible resolution, allowing ground-based telescopes with large diameters to produce far...
  
   instruments for optical aperture synthesis
  Aperture synthesis
  Aperture synthesis or synthesis imaging is a type of interferometry that mixes signals from a collection of telescopes to produce images having the same angular resolution as an instrument the size of the entire collection...
  
  

• Preliminary survey of the radio stars in the Northern Hemisphere (sometimes called the 1C
  First Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources
  The First Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources refers to the catalogue listed in the article Ryle M, Smith F G & Elsmore B MNRAS vol 110 pp508-523 "A Preliminary Survey of Radio Stars in the Northern Hemisphere"....
  
   catalogue) at 81.5-MHz (unreliable at low flux levels)
• 2C
  Second Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources
  The Second Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources was published in 1955 by John R Shakeshaft and colleagues. It comprised a list of 1936 sources between declinations -38 and +83, giving their right ascension, declination, both in 1950.0 coordinates, and flux density...
  
   catalogue 81.5-MHz (unreliable at low flux levels)
• 3C
  Third Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources
  The Third Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources is an astronomical catalogue of celestial radio sources detected originally at 159 MHz, and subsequently at 178 MHz. It was published in 1959 by members of the Radio Astronomy Group of the University of Cambridge...
  
   catalogue 159 MHz
• 4C catalogue 178 MHz
• 5C
  Fifth Cambridge Survey of Radio Sources
  The 5C Survey of Radio Sources is an astronomical catalogue of celestial radio sources as measured at 408 MHz and 1407 MHz. It was published in a number of parts between 1975 and 1995 by the Radio Astronomy Group of the University of Cambridge...
  
   catalogue 408 MHz and 1407 MHz
• 6C catalogue 151 MHz
• 7C catalogue 151 MHz
• 8C
  Eighth Cambridge Survey
  The 8C Survey or Rees 38 MHz survey is an astronomical catalogue of celestial radio sources as measured at 38 MHz. It was published in 1990 by the Radio Astronomy Group of the University of Cambridge. Sources are labelled 8C HHMM+DDd where HHMM is the Right Ascension in hours and minutes, and DDd...
  
   catalogue 38 MHz
• 9C catalogue 15 GHz
• Cambridge Interplanetary Scintillation survey

• Sir Martin Ryle
  Martin Ryle
  Sir Martin Ryle was an English radio astronomer who developed revolutionary radio telescope systems and used them for accurate location and imaging of weak radio sources...
  
  , 1918-1984, Nobel Prize for Physics, founder of the group, former British Astronomer Royal
  Astronomer Royal
  Astronomer Royal is a senior post in the Royal Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom. There are two officers, the senior being the Astronomer Royal dating from 22 June 1675; the second is the Astronomer Royal for Scotland dating from 1834....
  
  
• Tony Hewish
  Antony Hewish
  Antony Hewish is a British radio astronomer who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1974 for his work on the development of radio aperture synthesis and its role in the discovery of pulsars...
  
  , Nobel Prize for Physics, designed the telescope which discovered the first pulsars
• Malcolm Longair
  Malcolm Longair
  Malcolm Sim Longair FRS is a British physicist. He was the Jacksonian Professor of Natural Philosophy in the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, England from 1991 to 2008....
  
   Jacksonian Professor of Natural Philosophy, former head of the Cavendish Laboratory
  Cavendish Laboratory
  The Cavendish Laboratory is the University of Cambridge's Department of Physics, and is part of the university's School of Physical Sciences. It was opened in 1874 as a teaching laboratory and was initially located on the New Museums Site, Free School Lane, in the centre of Cambridge. After...
  
  
• Jocelyn Bell Burnell
  Jocelyn Bell Burnell
  Dame Susan Jocelyn Bell Burnell, DBE, FRS, FRAS , known as Jocelyn Bell Burnell, is a British astrophysicist who, as a postgraduate student, discovered the first radio pulsars with her thesis supervisor Antony Hewish, for which Hewish shared the Nobel Prize in Physics with Martin Ryle.The paper...
  
  , detected the first signal from a pulsar
• John E. Baldwin
  John E. Baldwin
  John Evan Baldwin has worked at the Cavendish Astrophysics Group since 1954. He played a pivotal role in the development of interferometry in Radio Astronomy, and later astronomical optical interferometry and lucky imaging...
  
  
• Richard E. Hills
  Richard Hills (disambiguation)
  Richard Hills may refer to:* Richard Hills, jockey* Professor Richard E. Hills, former head of the Cavendish Astrophysics Group and winner of the Jackson-Gwilt Medal for astronomy*Dick Hills, writer...
  
  
• F.

Instruments under development by the group

• The Atacama Large Millimeter Array
  ALMA
  ALMA can refer to* ALMA Award* ALMA Magazine* Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award* Association of Loudspeaker Manufacturing & Acoustics International* Atacama Large Millimeter Array...
  
   (ALMA) - several modules of this international project
• The Magdalena Ridge Observatory Interferometer (MRO Interferometer)
• The SKA
  Square Kilometre Array
  The Square Kilometre Array is a radio telescope in development which will have a total collecting area of approximately one square kilometre. It will operate over a wide range of frequencies and its size will make it 50 times more sensitive than any other radio instrument...
  
  

Instruments in service

• The Arcminute Microkelvin Imager
  Arcminute Microkelvin Imager
  The Arcminute Microkelvin Imager is an interferometer radio telescope designed principally to image secondary anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background at higher angular resolution than the Very Small Array...
  
   (AMI)
• A Heterodyne Array Receiver for B-band (HARP-B) at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope
  James Clerk Maxwell Telescope
  The James Clerk Maxwell Telescope is an infrared telescope with a primary mirror diameter of 15 metres , also called a submillimetre-wavelength telescope. It is located at Mauna Kea Observatory in Hawaii...
  
  
• The Planck Surveyor
  Planck Surveyor
  Planck is a space observatory designed to observe the anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background over the entire sky, using high sensitivity and angular resolution. Planck was built in the Cannes Mandelieu Space Center by Thales Alenia Space and created as the third Medium-Sized Mission of...
  
  

Previous instruments

• The CLOVER telescope
• The Very Small Array
  Very Small Array
  The Very Small Array is a 14-element interferometric radio telescope operating between 26 and 36 GHz that is used to study the cosmic microwave background radiation. It is a collaboration between the University of Cambridge, University of Manchester and the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias ,...
  
  
• The 5km Ryle Telescope
  Ryle Telescope
  The Ryle Telescope was a linear east-west radio telescope array at the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory. In 2004 three of the telescopes were moved to create a compact two-dimensional array of telescopes at the east end of the interferometer. The remaining five antennas were switched off on 19...
  
  
• The Cambridge Optical Aperture Synthesis Telescope (COAST)
  Cambridge Optical Aperture Synthesis Telescope
  COAST, the Cambridge Optical Aperture Synthesis Telescope, is a multi-element optical astronomical interferometer with baselines of up to 100 metres, which uses aperture synthesis to observe stars with angular resolution as high as one thousandth of one arcsecond COAST, the Cambridge Optical...
  
  
• The Cosmic Anisotropy Telescope
  Cosmic Anisotropy Telescope
  The Cosmic Anisotropy Telescope CAT was a three-element interferometer for cosmic microwave background radiation observations at 13 to 17 GHz, based at the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory. In 1995, it was the first instrument to measure small-scale structure in the cosmic microwave background...
  
  
• The Cambridge Low Frequency Synthesis Telescope
  Cambridge Low Frequency Synthesis Telescope
  The Cambridge Low-Frequency Synthesis Telescope is an east-west aperture synthesis radio telescope currently operating at 151 MHz. It consists of 60 tracking yagis on a 4.6 km baseline, giving 776 simultaneous baselines. These provide a resolution of 70×70 cosec arcsec², with a...
  
  
• The Half-Mile Telescope
  Half-Mile Telescope
  The Half-Mile Telescope was constructed in 1968 at the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory with two more aerials being added in 1972, using donated dishes . Two of the dishes are fixed, while two are moveable and share the One-Mile's rail track; to obtain information from the maximum number of...
  
  
• The One-Mile Telescope
  One-Mile Telescope
  The One-Mile Telescope at the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory is an array of radio telescopes designed to perform aperture synthesis interferometry. It was completed by the Radio Astronomy Group of Cambridge University in 1964...
  
  
• The Interplanetary Scintillation Array
  Interplanetary Scintillation Array
  The Interplanetary Scintillation Array was built at the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory in 1967 and originally covered four acres . It was extended in 1978 to nine, and re-furbished in 1989. It operates at 81.5 MHz , and is made up of 4096 dipoles in a phased array. 14 beams can map the...
  
   which discovered the first pulsar
  Pulsar
  Pulsars are highly magnetized, rotating neutron stars that emit a beam of electromagnetic radiation. The observed periods of their pulses range from 1.4 milliseconds to 8.5 seconds. The radiation can only be observed when the beam of emission is pointing towards the Earth. This is called the...
  
  
• The 4C Array
  4C Array
  The 4C Array is a cylindrical paraboloid radio telescope at the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory. It is similar in design to the Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope. It is 450 m long, 20 m wide, with a second, moveable element...
  
   which made the 4C
  Fourth Cambridge Survey
  The Fourth Cambridge Survey is an astronomical catalogue of celestial radio sources as measured at 178 MHz using the 4C Array. It was published in two parts, in 1965 and 1967 , by the Radio Astronomy Group of the University of Cambridge...
  
   catalogue
• The Cambridge Interferometer
  Cambridge Interferometer
  The Cambridge Interferometer was a radio telescope interferometer built by Martin Ryle and Antony Hewish in the early 1950s to the west of Cambridge . The interferometer consisted of an array of 4 fixed elements to survey the sky...
  
  
• The Long Michelson Interferometer
  Long Michelson Interferometer
  The Long Michelson Interferometer was a radio telescope interferometer built by Martin Ryle and co-workers in the late 1940s beside the rifle range to the west of Cambridge, England. The interferometer consisted of 2 fixed elements 440m apart to survey the sky using Earth rotation. It produced the ...
  
  
• Various aperture masking
  Aperture masking interferometry
  Aperture Masking Interferometry is a form of speckle interferometry, allowing diffraction limited imaging from ground-based telescopes. This technique allows ground based telescopes to reach the maximum possible resolution, allowing ground-based telescopes with large diameters to produce far...
  
   instruments for optical aperture synthesis
  Aperture synthesis
  Aperture synthesis or synthesis imaging is a type of interferometry that mixes signals from a collection of telescopes to produce images having the same angular resolution as an instrument the size of the entire collection...
  
  

Catalogues published by the group

• Preliminary survey of the radio stars in the Northern Hemisphere (sometimes called the 1C
  First Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources
  The First Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources refers to the catalogue listed in the article Ryle M, Smith F G & Elsmore B MNRAS vol 110 pp508-523 "A Preliminary Survey of Radio Stars in the Northern Hemisphere"....
  
   catalogue) at 81.5-MHz (unreliable at low flux levels)
• 2C
  Second Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources
  The Second Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources was published in 1955 by John R Shakeshaft and colleagues. It comprised a list of 1936 sources between declinations -38 and +83, giving their right ascension, declination, both in 1950.0 coordinates, and flux density...
  
   catalogue 81.5-MHz (unreliable at low flux levels)
• 3C
  Third Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources
  The Third Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources is an astronomical catalogue of celestial radio sources detected originally at 159 MHz, and subsequently at 178 MHz. It was published in 1959 by members of the Radio Astronomy Group of the University of Cambridge...
  
   catalogue 159 MHz
• 4C catalogue 178 MHz
• 5C
  Fifth Cambridge Survey of Radio Sources
  The 5C Survey of Radio Sources is an astronomical catalogue of celestial radio sources as measured at 408 MHz and 1407 MHz. It was published in a number of parts between 1975 and 1995 by the Radio Astronomy Group of the University of Cambridge...
  
   catalogue 408 MHz and 1407 MHz
• 6C catalogue 151 MHz
• 7C catalogue 151 MHz
• 8C
  Eighth Cambridge Survey
  The 8C Survey or Rees 38 MHz survey is an astronomical catalogue of celestial radio sources as measured at 38 MHz. It was published in 1990 by the Radio Astronomy Group of the University of Cambridge. Sources are labelled 8C HHMM+DDd where HHMM is the Right Ascension in hours and minutes, and DDd...
  
   catalogue 38 MHz
• 9C catalogue 15 GHz
• Cambridge Interplanetary Scintillation survey

Famous Group Members

• Sir Martin Ryle
  Martin Ryle
  Sir Martin Ryle was an English radio astronomer who developed revolutionary radio telescope systems and used them for accurate location and imaging of weak radio sources...
  
  , 1918-1984, Nobel Prize for Physics, founder of the group, former British Astronomer Royal
  Astronomer Royal
  Astronomer Royal is a senior post in the Royal Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom. There are two officers, the senior being the Astronomer Royal dating from 22 June 1675; the second is the Astronomer Royal for Scotland dating from 1834....
  
  
• Tony Hewish
  Antony Hewish
  Antony Hewish is a British radio astronomer who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1974 for his work on the development of radio aperture synthesis and its role in the discovery of pulsars...
  
  , Nobel Prize for Physics, designed the telescope which discovered the first pulsars
• Malcolm Longair
  Malcolm Longair
  Malcolm Sim Longair FRS is a British physicist. He was the Jacksonian Professor of Natural Philosophy in the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge University, England from 1991 to 2008....
  
   Jacksonian Professor of Natural Philosophy, former head of the Cavendish Laboratory
  Cavendish Laboratory
  The Cavendish Laboratory is the University of Cambridge's Department of Physics, and is part of the university's School of Physical Sciences. It was opened in 1874 as a teaching laboratory and was initially located on the New Museums Site, Free School Lane, in the centre of Cambridge. After...
  
  
• Jocelyn Bell Burnell
  Jocelyn Bell Burnell
  Dame Susan Jocelyn Bell Burnell, DBE, FRS, FRAS , known as Jocelyn Bell Burnell, is a British astrophysicist who, as a postgraduate student, discovered the first radio pulsars with her thesis supervisor Antony Hewish, for which Hewish shared the Nobel Prize in Physics with Martin Ryle.The paper...
  
  , detected the first signal from a pulsar
• John E. Baldwin
  John E. Baldwin
  John Evan Baldwin has worked at the Cavendish Astrophysics Group since 1954. He played a pivotal role in the development of interferometry in Radio Astronomy, and later astronomical optical interferometry and lucky imaging...
  
  
• Richard E. Hills
  Richard Hills (disambiguation)
  Richard Hills may refer to:* Richard Hills, jockey* Professor Richard E. Hills, former head of the Cavendish Astrophysics Group and winner of the Jackson-Gwilt Medal for astronomy*Dick Hills, writer...
  
  
• F. Graham Smith - early co-worker with Ryle, later Astronomer Royal
• David Saint-Jacques
  David Saint-Jacques
  David Saint-Jacques is a Canadian astronaut with the Canadian Space Agency . He was selected to join the CSA in the 2009 CSA selection along with Jeremy Hansen.-Personal life:...
  
  Canadian astronaut

External links

• Cavendish Astrophysics Group webpage