Caucasian Front (Chechen War)
Encyclopedia
The Caucasian Front also called Caucasus Front or the Caucasian Mujahadeen, was formally established in May 2005 as an Islamic structural unit of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
The Chechen Republic of Ichkeria is the unrecognized secessionist government of Chechnya. The republic was proclaimed in late 1991 by Dzokhar Dudayev, and fought two devastating wars between separatists and the Russian Federation which denounced secession...

's armed forces by the decree of the separatist
Separatism
Separatism is the advocacy of a state of cultural, ethnic, tribal, religious, racial, governmental or gender separation from the larger group. While it often refers to full political secession, separatist groups may seek nothing more than greater autonomy...

 President of Chechnya Abdul-Halim Sadulayev during the Second Chechen War
Second Chechen War
The Second Chechen War, in a later phase better known as the War in the North Caucasus, was launched by the Russian Federation starting 26 August 1999, in response to the Invasion of Dagestan by the Islamic International Peacekeeping Brigade ....

.

History

The organisation united various rebel jamaat
Jamaat
The term Jamaat can apply to the following:*Jamia - a gathering or congregatation; place of gathering.*Jamaat-e-Islami - a South Asian Islamic movement based in Pakistan, Bangladesh and India .*Jamaat-ul-Muslimeen - a Muslim organization in Indo-Pak.*Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind - an Islamic group in...

 groups across the North Caucasus
North Caucasus
The North Caucasus is the northern part of the Caucasus region between the Black and Caspian Seas and within European Russia. The term is also used as a synonym for the North Caucasus economic region of Russia....

 to fight the Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...

n rule not only in Chechnya but also in the rest of the Russian Caucasus. It was led by a Chechen
Chechen people
Chechens constitute the largest native ethnic group originating in the North Caucasus region. They refer to themselves as Noxçi . Also known as Sadiks , Gargareans, Malkhs...

 commander Shamil Basayev
Shamil Basayev
Shamil Salmanovich Basayev was a Chechen militant Islamist and a leader of the Chechen rebel movement.Starting as a field commander in the Transcaucasus, Basayev led guerrilla campaigns against the Russian troops for years, as well as launching mass-hostage takings of civilians, with his goal...

 until his death in July 2006 and since then by an ethnic Ingush
Ingush people
The Ingush are a native ethnic group of the North Caucasus, mostly inhabiting the Russian republic of Ingushetia. They refer to themselves as Ghalghai . The Ingush are predominantly Sunni Muslims and speak the Ingush language...

 Akhmed Yevloyev. Yevloyev was captured alive in June 2010. In October 2007 leaders of the Caucasian Front announced the organization now fights to establish the Caucasus Emirate
Caucasus Emirate
The Caucasus Emirate also known as the Caucasian Emirate is a self-proclaimed virtual state entity, partially successor to the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria and was officially announced on October 31, 2007 by former President of Ichkeria Dokka Umarov, who became the first Emir...

 throughout the North Caucasus of Russia.

While the anti-Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...

n local insurgencies in North Caucasus
North Caucasus
The North Caucasus is the northern part of the Caucasus region between the Black and Caspian Seas and within European Russia. The term is also used as a synonym for the North Caucasus economic region of Russia....

 started even before the formal creation of the Caucasian Front, two months after Aslan Maskhadov
Aslan Maskhadov
Aslan Aliyevich Maskhadov was a leader of the Chechen separatist movement and the third President of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.He was credited by many with the Chechen victory in the First Chechen War, which allowed for the...

's death, the new Chechen separatist leader Abdul-Halim Sadulayev officially announced that they had formed a Caucasus Front within the framework of "reforming the system of military-political power." Along with the existing Chechen, Dagestan
Dagestan
The Republic of Dagestan is a federal subject of Russia, located in the North Caucasus region. Its capital and the largest city is Makhachkala, located at the center of Dagestan on the Caspian Sea...

i and Ingush
Ingushetia
The Republic of Ingushetia is a federal subject of Russia , located in the North Caucasus region with its capital at Magas. In terms of area, the republic is the smallest of Russia's federal subjects except for the two federal cities, Moscow and Saint Petersburg...

 "sectors", the Stavropol
Stavropol Krai
Stavropol Krai is a federal subject of Russia . Its administrative center is the city of Stavropol. Population: -Geography:Stavropol Krai encompasses the central part of the Fore-Caucasus and most of the northern slopes of Caucasus Major...

, Kabardin-Balkar
Kabardino-Balkaria
The Kabardino-Balkar Republic , or Kabardino-Balkaria , is a federal subject of Russia located in the North Caucasus. Population: -Geography:The republic is situated in the North Caucasus mountains, with plains in the northern part....

, Krasnodar
Krasnodar
Krasnodar is a city in Southern Russia, located on the Kuban River about northeast of the Black Sea port of Novorossiysk. It is the administrative center of Krasnodar Krai . Population: -Name:...

, Karachai-Circassian
Karachay-Cherkessia
The Karachay-Cherkess Republic , or Karachay-Cherkessia is a federal subject of Russia . Population: -Geography:*Area: *Borders:**internal: Krasnodar Krai , Kabardino-Balkar Republic , Stavropol Krai ....

, Ossetia
Ossetia
Ossetia Ossetic: Ир, Ирыстон Ir, Iryston; Russian: Осетия, Osetiya; Georgian: ოსეთი, Oset'i) is an ethnolinguistic region located on both sides of the Greater Caucasus Mountains, largely inhabited by the Ossetians. The Ossetian language is part of the Eastern Iranian branch of the Indo-European...

n and Adyghe jamaats were included in it, meaning that in theory most the regions of the south-west Russia's would be involved in hostilities. The Chechen separatist movement had taken on a new role as the official ideological
Ideology
An ideology is a set of ideas that constitutes one's goals, expectations, and actions. An ideology can be thought of as a comprehensive vision, as a way of looking at things , as in common sense and several philosophical tendencies , or a set of ideas proposed by the dominant class of a society to...

, logistical
Logistics
Logistics is the management of the flow of goods between the point of origin and the point of destination in order to meet the requirements of customers or corporations. Logistics involves the integration of information, transportation, inventory, warehousing, material handling, and packaging, and...

 and, probably, financial hub of the new insurgency in the North Caucasus. Increasingly frequent clashes between federal forces and local rebels continue in Dagestan and Ingushetia, while sporadic fighting erupts in the other southern Russia regions. As of 2009, the movement has conducted two-large scale attacks, the 2004 Nazran raid
2004 Nazran raid
The Nazran raid was a large-scale raid carried out in the Republic of Ingushetia, Russia, on the night of June 21-22, 2004, by a large number of mostly Chechen and Ingush militants led by the Chechen commander Shamil Basayev...

 in Ingushetia (before the formal proclamation) and the 2005 Nalchik raid in Kabardino-Balkaria. The movement has also launched many smaller attacks such as the 2006 Avtury ambush
2006 Avtury ambush
Avtury GRU ambush was the July 4, 2006 ambush in Chechnya.-The attack:15-20 Chechen rebel fighters led by Abu Hafs al-Urduni & armed with heavy machine guns, assault rifles, grenade launchers and rocket-propelled grenades opened fire from a forested area in Avtury on a motorized column of the GRU...

 & 2007 Zhani-Vedeno ambush
2007 Zhani-Vedeno ambush
In the 2007 Vedeno ambush at least four local Russian troops were killed and 10 to 16 hospitalized when a convoy of vehicles carrying Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs soldiers and policemen was ambushed in the volatile Vedeno region of Chechnya...

.

Leadership rift

In July 2011, a sharia
Sharia
Sharia law, is the moral code and religious law of Islam. Sharia is derived from two primary sources of Islamic law: the precepts set forth in the Quran, and the example set by the Islamic prophet Muhammad in the Sunnah. Fiqh jurisprudence interprets and extends the application of sharia to...

 court ruled in favour of Dokka Umarov to close the rift caused by Umarov's reorganisation of the "armed forces" of Chechnya, the disbanding the so-called "eastern and south-western fronts" and dividing Chechnya into "military sectors." The court asked the rebels to re-swear allegiance to Umarov. Amir Khamzat, the commander of the Riyad-us-Saliheen Martyr Brigade or the organisation's suicide battalion who has been named the commander of the western sector. Hussein Gakayev
Hussein Gakayev
Khuseyn Vakhaevich Gakayev , also known as Emir Mansur and Emir Hussein, is a mujahid Emir fighting in Chechnya...

, who had been named to lead the eastern sector, Aslambek Vadalov
Aslambek Vadalov
Aslambek Ilimsultanovich Vadalov , also known by his nom de guerre Emir Aslambek, is a Chechen rebel leader fighting in the North Caucasus. He was appointed the supreme leader of the Caucasus Emirate on 1 August 2010, though this was later retracted....

 and Tarkhan Gaziyev
Tarkhan Gaziyev
Tarkhan Ismailovich Gaziyev , also known as Emir Tarkhan, is a Chechen Mujahid Emir fighting in the North Caucasus.Held in great respect by fellow fighters for his courage, military skills and depth of faith, Gaziyev was named commander of the Southwest Front of the Armed Forces of the Chechen...

 consequently followed suit and re-affirmed their allegiance to Umarov.

He then warned Russia that it would be the target of a new strengthened insurgency as he promised a year of "blood and tears"http://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=230940 as a result of the new unity.http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/umarov-promises-new-chapter-in-insurgency/441095.html

List of attacks

  • 2004 Nazran raid
    2004 Nazran raid
    The Nazran raid was a large-scale raid carried out in the Republic of Ingushetia, Russia, on the night of June 21-22, 2004, by a large number of mostly Chechen and Ingush militants led by the Chechen commander Shamil Basayev...

     (before the formal proclamation) : 87 killed,
  • 2005 Nalchik raid : 138 killed,
  • 2006 Avtury ambush
    2006 Avtury ambush
    Avtury GRU ambush was the July 4, 2006 ambush in Chechnya.-The attack:15-20 Chechen rebel fighters led by Abu Hafs al-Urduni & armed with heavy machine guns, assault rifles, grenade launchers and rocket-propelled grenades opened fire from a forested area in Avtury on a motorized column of the GRU...

     : 7 killed,
  • 2007 Zhani-Vedeno ambush
    2007 Zhani-Vedeno ambush
    In the 2007 Vedeno ambush at least four local Russian troops were killed and 10 to 16 hospitalized when a convoy of vehicles carrying Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs soldiers and policemen was ambushed in the volatile Vedeno region of Chechnya...

     : 5 killed,
  • 2008 Vladikavkaz bombing
    2008 Vladikavkaz bombing
    The 2008 Vladikavkaz bombing took place on a routed taxicab, which was unloading passengers at a market in Vladikavkaz, North Ossetia, Russia on November 6, 2008 killing 12 and injuring 41. The bombing was committed by female suicide bomber.-See also:...

     : 12 killed,
  • 2009 Nazran bombing
    2009 Nazran bombing
    The 2009 Nazran bombing occurred on 17 August 2009, when a suicide car bomber attacked police headquarters in Nazran, the largest city of the Republic of Ingushetia. At least 25 people were killed and 164 injured...

     : 25 killed,
  • 2009 Nevsky Express bombing
    2009 Nevsky Express bombing
    The 2009 Nevsky Express bombing occurred on 27 November 2009 when a bomb exploded under a high speed train travelling between the Russian cities of Moscow and Saint Petersburg causing derailment near the town of Bologoye, Tver Oblast , on the Moscow–Saint Petersburg Railway. The derailment occurred...

     : 28 killed,
  • 2010 Moscow Metro bombings
    2010 Moscow Metro bombings
    The 2010 Moscow Metro bombings were suicide bombings carried out by two womenduring the morning rush hour of March 29, 2010, at two stations of the Moscow Metro , with roughly 40 minutes interval between...

     : 40 killed,
  • 2010 Kizlyar bombings
    2010 Kizlyar bombings
    The 2010 Kizlyar bombings were double suicide attacks that occurred on March 31, 2010 in Kizlyar, in Russia's North Caucasus republic of Dagestan. 12 people were killed and another 18 injured.-Background:...

     : 12 killed,
  • 2010 Stavropol bomb blast
    2010 Stavropol bomb blast
    On 26 May 2010, at least seven people were killed in a bomb blast in Stavropol, Russia. At least 40 people were injured, one from Moscow, while another is an outsider, and another from Azerbaijan or Turkey...

     : 8 killed,
  • 2010 Vladikavkaz bombing
    2010 Vladikavkaz bombing
    The 2010 Vladikavkaz bombing took place at the Central market in Vladikavkaz, North Ossetia-Alania, Russia on 9 September 2010 when a suicide car bomber detonated his explosives killing at least 17 and injuring more than 160.-Background:...

     : 17 killed,
  • 2010 Chechen Parliament attack
    2010 Chechen Parliament attack
    The 2010 Chechen Parliament attack took place on the morning of 19 October 2010, when three Chechen militants attacked the parliament complex in Grozny, the capital of the Chechen Republic, a federal subject of Russia. At least six people were killed, including two police officers, one parliament...

     : Between 6 and 20 killed,
  • 2011 Domodedovo International Airport bombing : 36 killed.
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