Caryodaphnopsis
Encyclopedia
Caryodaphnopsis is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Lauraceae
. Is distributed in Pacific tropical from South America
to Asia
that currently has 15 species. The genus was described by Herbert Kenneth Airy Shaw
and published in Bulletin of Miscellaneous InformationKew 1940 (2): 75in 1940. The type species
isCaryodaphnopsis tonkinensis(Lecomte
) Airy Shaw.
With the discovery of a species of Trigonobalanus (currently Colombobalanus) belonging to the Fagaceae family in Colombia, gender previously reported only for Asia and presented a clear example of amphi-Pacific disjunction, Van der Hammen and Cleef (1983) concluded that taxa with this type of distribution, in the past had a much wider distribution in the northern hemisphere during the warm Tertiary and were subsequently forced to migrate to the south due to the widespread enframiento during late Tertiary and the glacial periods.
Additionally, most species have anthers.
Most species in Caryodaphnopsis genus are having 2 or 4 locelos in the anthers.
The pollen sacs arranged in an arc, nine fertile stamens, rarely six, the third whorl with glands, filaments longer or shorter than the anthers, the fourth whorl staminodes conspicuous, from cordate to sagittate. It also presents a very small and flat receptacle, pedicel not enlarged and tepals deciduous or sub-persistents.
Some features of this genus as anthers of 4 cores, nine fertile stamens and leaves trinerved, distinguish this genus Caryodaphnopsis in the family Lauraceae, because most genus have two anther locules, six stamens and leaves fertile penninerved. Additionally, Caryodaphnopsis has a unique anatomical structure of wood in the family Lauraceae. However, it has been stressed in the opposite leaves, tepals unequal, the unique structure of wood, diagnostic characters at generic level, which determine the monophyly of Caryodaphnopsis within the family Lauraceae.
In 1952 the genus Caryodaphnopsis was placed under the genus Persea
, along with genus Notaphoebe and Alseodaphne
due to the close relationship that exists between them. However, the differences found between genus were strong enough to be defined Caryodaphnopsis as a separate genus in 1974 by Kostermans. Kostermans included in his monograph of the genus seven species whose distribution range was from Yunnan to Borneo and the Philippines, in 1974.
Until 1985 the genus was only reported for tropical Asia, but van der Werff and Richter, transferred two South American species of the genus Persea to Caryodaphnopsis. This transfer of genus was because of evidence that supported the presence of the species Persea, (Persea inaequalis P. theobromifolia) on Caryodaphnopsis genus, as they differed from other species of the genus Persea in morphology (foliar and floral) and structure of Wood, these being more consistent with genus Caryodaphnopsis.
Lauraceae
The Lauraceae or Laurel family comprises a group of flowering plants included in the order Laurales. The family contains about 55 genera and over 3500, perhaps as many as 4000, species world-wide, mostly from warm or tropical regions, especially Southeast Asia and South America...
. Is distributed in Pacific tropical from South America
South America
South America is a continent situated in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. The continent is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east...
to Asia
Asia
Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area and with approximately 3.879 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population...
that currently has 15 species. The genus was described by Herbert Kenneth Airy Shaw
Herbert Kenneth Airy Shaw
Herbert Kenneth Airy Shaw was a notable English botanist and classicist.Airy Shaw was born at The Mount, Grange Road, Woodbridge, Suffolk to a father serving as Second Master at the Woodbridge Grammar School and a mother descended from George Biddell Airy, Astronomer Royal...
and published in Bulletin of Miscellaneous InformationKew 1940 (2): 75in 1940. The type species
Type species
In biological nomenclature, a type species is both a concept and a practical system which is used in the classification and nomenclature of animals and plants. The value of a "type species" lies in the fact that it makes clear what is meant by a particular genus name. A type species is the species...
isCaryodaphnopsis tonkinensis(Lecomte
Lecomte
Lecomte was an Olympic archer who represented France in the 1900 Summer Olympics. He took part in the Au Cordon Doré at 50 metres competition taking eighth place with a score of 25 points, six points behind the leader, Henri Hérouin.-See also:...
) Airy Shaw.
Overview
The distribution of genus Caryodaphnopsis is amphi-Pacific tropical genus, which has a marked geographical disjunction. This occurs between Southeast Asia: South China, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Indonesia and the Philippines, and tropical America: Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela and Costa Rica.With the discovery of a species of Trigonobalanus (currently Colombobalanus) belonging to the Fagaceae family in Colombia, gender previously reported only for Asia and presented a clear example of amphi-Pacific disjunction, Van der Hammen and Cleef (1983) concluded that taxa with this type of distribution, in the past had a much wider distribution in the northern hemisphere during the warm Tertiary and were subsequently forced to migrate to the south due to the widespread enframiento during late Tertiary and the glacial periods.
Characteristics
The genus Caryodaphnopsis is characterized in the family Lauraceae by its opposite leaves, trinerved usually, that is an exceptional character in the family lauraceae. Rarely tle leaves are penninerved. The flowers are in inflorescences trimers, and are bisexual with six tepals markedly unequal, the outer being much smaller than the internal.Additionally, most species have anthers.
Most species in Caryodaphnopsis genus are having 2 or 4 locelos in the anthers.
The pollen sacs arranged in an arc, nine fertile stamens, rarely six, the third whorl with glands, filaments longer or shorter than the anthers, the fourth whorl staminodes conspicuous, from cordate to sagittate. It also presents a very small and flat receptacle, pedicel not enlarged and tepals deciduous or sub-persistents.
Some features of this genus as anthers of 4 cores, nine fertile stamens and leaves trinerved, distinguish this genus Caryodaphnopsis in the family Lauraceae, because most genus have two anther locules, six stamens and leaves fertile penninerved. Additionally, Caryodaphnopsis has a unique anatomical structure of wood in the family Lauraceae. However, it has been stressed in the opposite leaves, tepals unequal, the unique structure of wood, diagnostic characters at generic level, which determine the monophyly of Caryodaphnopsis within the family Lauraceae.
Taxonomic History
This genus, originally reported for Asia, was described by Airy Shaw in 1940, who created the genus name due to similarities between the leaves of this with the leaves of some species of Cryptocarya (=Caryodaphne). In the case of the species Caryodaphnopsis tonkinensis and Caryodaphnopsis baviensis were originally described by Lecomte in 1913, under the genus Notaphoebe, until 1940 when A. Shaw included them in Caryodaphnopsis, and ratified them by Kostermans within this genus in 1964, after having gone through other genus. Genera were then added to the species Caryodaphnopsis latifolia and C. laotica by Wang and A. Shaw in 1957 and 1960 respectively.In 1952 the genus Caryodaphnopsis was placed under the genus Persea
Persea
Persea is a genus of about 150 species of evergreen trees belonging to the laurel family, Lauraceae. The best-known member of the genus is the avocado, P. americana, widely cultivated in subtropical regions for its large, edible fruit.-Overview:...
, along with genus Notaphoebe and Alseodaphne
Alseodaphne
Alseodaphne is a genus of plant in family Lauraceae....
due to the close relationship that exists between them. However, the differences found between genus were strong enough to be defined Caryodaphnopsis as a separate genus in 1974 by Kostermans. Kostermans included in his monograph of the genus seven species whose distribution range was from Yunnan to Borneo and the Philippines, in 1974.
Until 1985 the genus was only reported for tropical Asia, but van der Werff and Richter, transferred two South American species of the genus Persea to Caryodaphnopsis. This transfer of genus was because of evidence that supported the presence of the species Persea, (Persea inaequalis P. theobromifolia) on Caryodaphnopsis genus, as they differed from other species of the genus Persea in morphology (foliar and floral) and structure of Wood, these being more consistent with genus Caryodaphnopsis.
Species
It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete):- Caryodaphnopsis baviensis (LecomteLecomteLecomte was an Olympic archer who represented France in the 1900 Summer Olympics. He took part in the Au Cordon Doré at 50 metres competition taking eighth place with a score of 25 points, six points behind the leader, Henri Hérouin.-See also:...
) Airy Shaw - Caryodaphnopsis bilocellata van der Werff & DaoDAODAO may refer to:* D-amino acid oxidase, a peroxisomal enzyme.* Data access object, a design pattern used in object-oriented software engineering* De-asphalted oil, a crude oil refinery process stream...
- Caryodaphnopsis burgeri N.Zamora & PovedaPovedaPoveda is a municipality located in the province of Ávila, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2006 census , the municipality has a population of 81 inhabitants....
- Caryodaphnopsis cogolloiCaryodaphnopsis cogolloiCaryodaphnopsis cogolloi is a species of plant in the Lauraceae family. It is endemic to Colombia.-Source:* Calderon, E. 1998. . Downloaded on 21 August 2007....
van der Werff - Caryodaphnopsis fieldii Aymard & G.A.Romero
- Caryodaphnopsis fosteri van der Werff
- Caryodaphnopsis henryi Airy Shaw
- Caryodaphnopsis inaequalis (A.C.Sm.) van der Werff & H.G.Richt.
- Caryodaphnopsis laotica Airy Shaw
- Caryodaphnopsis latifolia W.T.Wang
- Caryodaphnopsis metallica Kosterm.
- Caryodaphnopsis poilanei Kosterm.
- Caryodaphnopsis theobromifolia (A.H.Gentry) van der Werff & H.G. Richt.
- Caryodaphnopsis tomentosa van der Werff
- Caryodaphnopsis tonkinensis (Lecomte) Airy Shaw