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The Carlist Wars in Spain
Spain

Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....
 were the last major European civil war
Civil war

A civil war is a war between organized groups to take control of a nation or region, or to change government policies. It is high-intensity conflict, often involving Regular Army, that is sustained, organized and large-scale....
s in which pretenders fought to establish their claim to a throne. Several times during the period from 1833 to 1876 the Carlists
Carlism

Carlism is a Tradition#Traditionalism and legitimist political movement in Spain seeking the establishment of a separate line of the House of Bourbon family on the Monarchy of Spain....
 — followers of Infante Carlos
Infante Carlos, Count of Molina

The Infante Carlos of Spain was the second surviving son of King Charles IV of Spain and of his wife, Maria Luisa of Parma. As Carlos V he was the first of the Carlism claimants to the throne of Spain....
 (later Carlos V) and his descendants — rallied to the cry of "God, Country, and King" and fought for the cause of Spanish tradition (Legitimism and Catholicism
Catholicism

Catholicism is a broad term for the body of the Catholic faith, its Theology and doctrines, its Catholic liturgy, Ethics, spiritual, and behavioral characteristics, as well as a religious people as a whole....
) against the liberalism
Liberalism

Liberalism is a broad class of political philosophy that considers individualism liberty and equality to be the most important political goals....
, and later the republicanism
Republicanism

Republicanism is the ideology of governing a nation as a republic, where the head of state is appointed by other means than hereditary, often elections....
, of the Spanish governments of the day.

When Ferdinand VII of Spain
Ferdinand VII of Spain

Ferdinand VII was list of Spanish monarchs twice, in 1808, and from 1813 to 1833 . He was also known as 'Ferdinand, the desired'.The eldest surviving son of Charles IV of Spain, king of Spain, and of his wife Maria Louisa of Parma, he was born in the vast palace of El Escorial near Madrid....
 died in 1833, his fourth wife Maria Cristina became Queen regent on behalf of their infant daughter Isabella II
Isabella II of Spain

Isabella II was List of Spanish monarchs She was Spain's first and so far only queen regnant, although she is sometimes considered the third Queen Regnant of Spain, as previous monarchs of Leon and Castile were counted as kings and queens of Spain....
.






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The Carlist Wars in Spain
Spain

Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....
 were the last major European civil war
Civil war

A civil war is a war between organized groups to take control of a nation or region, or to change government policies. It is high-intensity conflict, often involving Regular Army, that is sustained, organized and large-scale....
s in which pretenders fought to establish their claim to a throne. Several times during the period from 1833 to 1876 the Carlists
Carlism

Carlism is a Tradition#Traditionalism and legitimist political movement in Spain seeking the establishment of a separate line of the House of Bourbon family on the Monarchy of Spain....
 — followers of Infante Carlos
Infante Carlos, Count of Molina

The Infante Carlos of Spain was the second surviving son of King Charles IV of Spain and of his wife, Maria Luisa of Parma. As Carlos V he was the first of the Carlism claimants to the throne of Spain....
 (later Carlos V) and his descendants — rallied to the cry of "God, Country, and King" and fought for the cause of Spanish tradition (Legitimism and Catholicism
Catholicism

Catholicism is a broad term for the body of the Catholic faith, its Theology and doctrines, its Catholic liturgy, Ethics, spiritual, and behavioral characteristics, as well as a religious people as a whole....
) against the liberalism
Liberalism

Liberalism is a broad class of political philosophy that considers individualism liberty and equality to be the most important political goals....
, and later the republicanism
Republicanism

Republicanism is the ideology of governing a nation as a republic, where the head of state is appointed by other means than hereditary, often elections....
, of the Spanish governments of the day.

When Ferdinand VII of Spain
Ferdinand VII of Spain

Ferdinand VII was list of Spanish monarchs twice, in 1808, and from 1813 to 1833 . He was also known as 'Ferdinand, the desired'.The eldest surviving son of Charles IV of Spain, king of Spain, and of his wife Maria Louisa of Parma, he was born in the vast palace of El Escorial near Madrid....
 died in 1833, his fourth wife Maria Cristina became Queen regent on behalf of their infant daughter Isabella II
Isabella II of Spain

Isabella II was List of Spanish monarchs She was Spain's first and so far only queen regnant, although she is sometimes considered the third Queen Regnant of Spain, as previous monarchs of Leon and Castile were counted as kings and queens of Spain....
. This splintered the country into two factions known as the Cristinos (or Isabelinos) and the Carlists. The Cristinos were the supporters of the Queen Regent and her government. The Carlists were the supporters of Carlos V, a pretender to the throne and brother of the deceased Ferdinand VII, who denied the validity of the Pragmatic Sanction of 1830
Pragmatic Sanction of 1830

The Pragmatic Sanction of 1830 , issued March 29 1830 by King Ferdinand VII of Spain, ratified a Decree of 1789 by Charles IV of Spain, which had replaced the semi-Salic system established by Philip V of Spain with the mixed succession system that predated the House of Bourbon monarchy ....
 that abolished the semi Salic Law
Salic law

Salic law was an important body of traditional law codified for governing the Salian Franks in the early Middle Ages during the reign of King Clovis I in the 6th century....
 (he was born before 1830).

  • The First Carlist War
    First Carlist War

    The First Carlist War was a civil war in Spain from 1833 to 1839....
     lasted over seven years and the fighting spanned most of the country at one time or another, although the main conflict centered on the Carlist homelands of the Basque Country
    Basque Country (historical territory)

    The Basque Country as a cultural region is a European region in the western Pyrenees that spans the border between France and Spain, on the Atlantic Ocean coast....
     and Aragon
    Aragon

    Aragon is an autonomous communities of Spain of Spain. Located in northeastern Spain, the region comprises three provinces of Spain from north to south: Huesca , Zaragoza , and Teruel ....
    , Catalonia
    Catalonia

    Catalonia , is an Autonomous Community in northeast Spain.Catalonia covers an area of 32,114 km? and has an official population of 7,210,508. It borders France and Andorra to the north, Aragon to the west, the Valencian Community to the south, and the Mediterranean Sea to the east ....
     and Valencia.


  • The Second Carlist War
    Second Carlist War

    The Second Carlist War, or the War of the Matiners or Madrugadores , was a short civil war fought primarily in Catalonia by the Carlism under General Ram?n Cabrera against the forces of the government of Isabella II of Spain....
     was a minor Catalonia
    Catalonia

    Catalonia , is an Autonomous Community in northeast Spain.Catalonia covers an area of 32,114 km? and has an official population of 7,210,508. It borders France and Andorra to the north, Aragon to the west, the Valencian Community to the south, and the Mediterranean Sea to the east ....
    n uprising lasting two years from 1846 to 1849. The rebels tried to install Carlos VI on the throne. In Galicia, the uprising was put down by General Ramón María Narváez.


  • The Third Carlist War
    Third Carlist War

    The Third Carlist War was the last Carlist War in Spain.During this conflict, Carlism forces managed to occupy several cities in the interior of Spain, the most important ones being La Seu d'Urgell and Estella - Lizarra in Navarre....
     began in the aftermath of the deposition of one ruling monarch and abdication of another. Queen Isabella II was overthrown by a conspiracy of liberal generals in 1868, and left Spain in some disgrace. The Cortes(Parliament) replaced her with Amadeo, the Duke of Aosta
    Aosta

    Aosta is the principal city of the bilingual Aosta Valley in the Italy Alps, 110km north-northwest of Turin. It is situated near the Italian entrance of the Mont Blanc Tunnel, at the confluence of the Buthier River and the Dora Baltea, and at the junction of the Great St Bernard Pass and Little St Bernard Pass St....
     (and second son of King Victor Emmanuel
    Victor Emmanuel II of Italy

    Victor Emmanuel II, King of Italy , was the Monarch of Piedmont, Savoy, and Sardinia from 1849 to 1861. On February 18, 1861, he assumed the title King of Italy to become the first king of a Italian unification, a title he held until his death in 1878....
     of Italy
    Italy

    Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
    ). Then, when the Spanish elections of 1872 resulted in government violence against Carlist candidates and a swing away from Carlism, the Carlist pretender, Carlos VII
    Carlos, Duke of Madrid

    Infante Carlos Mar?a de los Dolores Juan Isidro Jos? Francisco Quirin Antonio Miguel Gabriel Rafael de Borb?n y Austria-Este, Duke of Madrid was the senior member of the House of Bourbon from 1887 until his death....
    , decided that only force of arms could win him the throne. The Third Carlist War began. It lasted until 1876.


  • The Spanish Civil War
    Spanish Civil War

    The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict in Spain that started after an attempted coup d'?tat by a group of Spanish Army generals, supported by the conservative Spanish Confederation of the Autonomous Right , Carlist groups and the fascistic Falange, against the government of the Second Spanish Republic, then under the leadership of pr...
     (1936-1939) was considered by the Carlists as yet another crusade against secularism. In spite of the victory of their side, General Franco
    Francisco Franco

    Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Te?dulo Franco y Bahamonde, Salgado y Pardo de Andrade , commonly known as Francisco Franco or Francisco Franco y Bahamonde was the dictator and Head of State of Spain from October 1936, and de facto regent of the nominally restored Kingdom of Spain from 1947 until his death in 1975....
     frustrated the pretensions of the Carlist monarchism and subsumed their militias into the Nationalist army and their political party (Comunión Tradicionalista) into his National Movement
    Falange

    Falange Espa?ola de las J.O.N.S. is the name assigned to several political movements and parties dating from the 1930s, most particularly the original fascist movement in Spain....
     (Falange Tradicionalista y de las J.O.N.S.).