Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal
Encyclopedia
The Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal is the highest award for atmospheric science of the American Meteorological Society
American Meteorological Society
The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, the American Meteorological Society has a membership...

. It is presented to individual scientists, who receive a medal
Medal
A medal, or medallion, is generally a circular object that has been sculpted, molded, cast, struck, stamped, or some way rendered with an insignia, portrait, or other artistic rendering. A medal may be awarded to a person or organization as a form of recognition for athletic, military, scientific,...

. Named in honor of meteorology
Meteorology
Meteorology is the interdisciplinary scientific study of the atmosphere. Studies in the field stretch back millennia, though significant progress in meteorology did not occur until the 18th century. The 19th century saw breakthroughs occur after observing networks developed across several countries...

 and oceanography
Oceanography
Oceanography , also called oceanology or marine science, is the branch of Earth science that studies the ocean...

 pioneer Carl-Gustaf Rossby
Carl-Gustaf Rossby
Carl-Gustaf Arvid Rossby was a Swedish-U.S. meteorologist who first explained the large-scale motions of the atmosphere in terms of fluid mechanics....

, who was also its second (1953) recipient.

Previous names

The price was initially called Award for Extraordinary Scientific Achievement. In 1958 it was renamed The Carl-Gustaf Rossby Award for Extraordinary Scientific Achievement, and after 1963, its current name.

Recipients

  • 1951: Hurd Curtis Willett
    Hurd Curtis Willett
    Hurd Curtis Willett was an American meteorologist, known forhis role in developing five-day weather forecasting techniques and widely known for his attempts at very-long-range forecasting....

     for his contributions to dynamic meteorology leading to a better understanding of atmospheric motions and thermodynamics.
  • 1953: Carl-Gustaf Rossby
    Carl-Gustaf Rossby
    Carl-Gustaf Arvid Rossby was a Swedish-U.S. meteorologist who first explained the large-scale motions of the atmosphere in terms of fluid mechanics....

     for his contributions to dynamic meteorology leading to a better understanding of atmospheric motions and thermodynamics.
  • 1955: Jerome Namias
    Jerome Namias
    Jerome Namias was a U.S. meteorologist, whose research included El Niño.Namias was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut and grew up in Fall River, Massachusetts...

     for his contributions to, and stimulation of, research in the principles and application of extended and long-range forecasting techniques.
  • 1956: John von Neumann
    John von Neumann
    John von Neumann was a Hungarian-American mathematician and polymath who made major contributions to a vast number of fields, including set theory, functional analysis, quantum mechanics, ergodic theory, geometry, fluid dynamics, economics and game theory, computer science, numerical analysis,...

     for his farsighted contribution to the science of meteorology and the national interests in developing the modern, high-speed electronic computer with meteorological application as an ultimate aim, and for his support and encouragement in organizing the world's first research group in numerical weather prediction
    Numerical weather prediction
    Numerical weather prediction uses mathematical models of the atmosphere and oceans to predict the weather based on current weather conditions. Though first attempted in the 1920s, it was not until the advent of computer simulation in the 1950s that numerical weather predictions produced realistic...

    .
  • 1960: J. Bjerknes and Erik Palmén
    Erik Palmén
    Erik Herbert Palmén was Finnish meteorologist. He worked at the University of Chicago in the Chicago school of meteorology on cyclones and weather fronts with Vilhelm Bjerknes...

     for their pioneering and distinguished research contributions in atmospheric dynamics and synoptic aerology, which have given a unified picture of the general circulation of the atmosphere.
  • 1961: Victor P. Starr for his more than a decade of outstanding fundamental research leading to a better understanding of the general circulation of the atmosphere.
  • 1962: Bernhard Haurwitz for the substantial advanes due to his research in dynamic meteorology over a wide range of subjects, including among many the long waves in the westerlies, the circulation of the high atmosphere, local and diurnal effects, and hurricanes.
  • 1963: Harry Wexler
    Harry Wexler
    Harry Wexler was an American meteorologist.He attended Harvard University, and in 1939 he was awarded a Ph.D...

     (posthumously) for his contributions to knowledge of the atmosphere heat balance and dynamic anticyclogenesis, for his interdisciplinary studies in meteorology, oceanography, and glaciology, and for his outstanding leadership in international programs in the atmospheric sciences.
  • 1964: Jule G. Charney for his long and distinguished record of outstanding contributions to theoretical meteorology and related atmospheric sciences. Apart from acting as a strong scientific stimulus to the development of dynamical weather prediction, Professor Charney's research has led the way to a more fundamental understanding of the atmosphere's general circulation, hydrodynamical instability, the structure of hurricanes, the dynamics of ocean currents, the propagation of wave energy, and many other aspects of geophysical fluid mechanics. In its scientific depth and breadth, Professor Charney's work has contributed significantly to the study of meteorology as an exact science.
  • 1965: Arnt Eliassen
    Arnt Eliassen
    Arnt Eliassen was a Norwegian meteorologist who was a pioneer in the use of numerical analysis and computers for weather forecasting. The early pioneer work was done at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, together with John von Neumann...

     for his many important contributions to dynamical meteorology, through which he has brought a new elegance and clarity into the subject. Noteworthy among these are his research on free and thermally driven circulations, on numerical weather prediction, on frontogenesis, and on shear and gravitational–acoustic wave propagation in stratified media.
  • 1966: Zdenek Sekera for his numerous contributions to the dynamics of the atmosphere, which comprise studies of waves at interfaces, of the dynamics of the atmospheric jet stream, and especially of the brightness and polarization of sky light in a scattering atmosphere which led to the extension and application of Chandrasekhar's general theory of radiative transfer to atmospheric problems. This work led to the computation of tables by Sekera and his coworkers. With the publication of these tables, in Chandrasekhar's words, 'The problem that was formulated by Rayleigh in 1871 has now at last found its complete solution.'
  • 1967: Dave Fultz for his outstanding and pioneering research over the past 20 years, which has resulted in laboratory experimental techniques in dynamic meteorology. Through example and personal instruction, these techniques have been the root of nearly all of the modeling studies of the general circulation that have been carried out to date.
  • 1968: Verner E. Suomi for his imagination, ingenuity, and versatility in conceiving and designing diverse meteorological sensors which have helped to transform the satellite as a meteorological probe from a dream to a reality. His Spin-Scan camera has given us our most comprehensive views of the atmosphere as an entity, and has already led to revised ideas concerning the circulation in lower latitudes.
  • 1969: Edward N. Lorenz for his fundamental innovations in dynamic meteorology and his enlightening perspectives in advancing our understanding of the atmosphere as a physical system.
  • 1970: Hsiao-Lan Kuo
    Hsiao-Lan Kuo
    Hsiao-Lan Kuo , or GUO Xiaolan, was a prominent Chinese American mathematician, meteorologist...

     for his fundamental research in atmospheric dynamics, beginning with his thesis on the stability of barotropic flow and continuing on the general circulation, the theory of hurricane formation, thermal convection, interaction of the atmosphere with the earth's surface, and on many other topics of great importance.
  • 1971: Norman A. Phillips for his introduction of new lines of study which have served to enlarge the scope of dynamic meteorology, his construction of a two-layer model making numerical prediction of developing systems feasible, and his diagnosis of nonlinear instability and prescription for dealing with it, permitting numerical simulation of the general circulation, which he had previously pioneered to be extended to infinite range.
  • 1972: Joseph Smagorinsky
    Joseph Smagorinsky
    Joseph Smagorinsky was an American meteorologist and the first director of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory.- Early life :...

     for his creative leadership in numerical modeling of the general circulation of the atmosphere.
  • 1973: Christian E. Junge for his productive investigations and international leadership in the study of atmospheric aerosols and atmospheric chemistry that have increased our knowledge of the stratospheric sulphate layer, the background tropospheric aerosol, the intricacies of marine aerosol distribution, and other topics important to the chemical budgets of the atmosphere.
  • 1974: Heinz H. Lettau for his outstanding research achievements leading to a fuller understanding of the atmosphere's first mile. From his original concept of the stability length scale to his pioneering contributions in boundary-layer dynamics, turbulent transfer, climatology, and microscale surface modification, his work has been characterized by remarkable ingenuity and extraordinary dedication to purpose.
  • 1975: Charles H. B. Priestley for his fundamental contributions to the understanding of turbulent processes and the links between small-scale and large-scale dynamics in the atmosphere.
  • 1976: Hans A. Panofsky for his many fundamental contributions to the understanding of turbulent processes and the links between small-scale and large-scale dynamics in the atmosphere.
  • 1977: Akio Arakawa for his formulation of physically realistic methods to incorporate convective clouds and boundary-layer processes into large-scale prediction models of the atmosphere and for his contributions in numerical methods of weather prediction.
  • 1978: James W. Deardorff for his imaginative research on the structure of the convective atmospheric boundary layer and its applications to prediction models and diffusion.
  • 1979: Herbert Riehl
    Herbert Riehl
    Herbert Riehl was a German-born American meteorologist who is widely regarded as the father of tropical meteorology...

     for his outstanding analyses of tropical phenomena, ranging from studies of individual clouds, tropical depressions, and hurricanes, to the trade-wind inversion and the Hadley circulation. These studies have greatly advanced our understanding of a major portion of the atmosphere.
  • 1980: Sean A. Twomey for extensive contributions to the development of many areas of atmospheric science, including aerosol and cloud physics, radiative transfer, and remote sensing from satellites.
  • 1981: Roscoe R. Braham, Jr. for his notable contributions in research and effective leadership in the study of complex convective systems.
  • 1982: Cecil E. Leith, Jr. for his fundamental contributions to the theory of statistical hydrodynamics and its application to the assessment of weather and climate predictability.
  • 1983: Joanne Simpson
    Joanne Simpson
    Joanne Simpson was the first woman to ever receive a Ph.D. in meteorology. She eventually became NASA's lead weather researcher and authored or co-authored over 190 articles. Simpson contributed to many areas of the atmospheric sciences, particularly in the field of tropical meteorology...

     for her outstanding contributions to our understanding of convective clouds, and the role of convection in the formation and maintenance of hurricanes and other wind systems over tropical oceans.
  • 1984: Bert R. Bolin for his outstanding research enlarging our understanding of the atmosphere and oceans as a milieu, for valuable contributions to the understanding of global geochemical cycles, and for his international leadership in scientific planning of the Global Atmospheric Research Programme.
  • 1985: Tiruvalam N. Krishnamurti for fundamental contributions to the understanding of the structure and evolution of the tropical atmosphere, especially the monsoons, and for international leadership in the Global Atmospheric Research Programme.
  • 1986: Douglas K. Lilly for sustained contributions and skilled leadership in establishing the scientific foundations of small- and mesoscale meteorology including convection, gravity waves, and boundary layer turbulence.
  • 1987: Michael E. McIntyre for his original and innovative works furthering our theoretical and conceptual understanding of the stratosphere.
  • 1988: Brian J. Hoskins for numerous major contributions to numerical modeling and to the understanding of atmospheric dynamics.
  • 1989: Richard J. Reed for major contributions to our understanding of polar low
    Polar low
    A polar low is a small-scale, long-lived atmospheric low pressure system that is found over the ocean areas poleward of the main polar front in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The systems usually have a horizontal length scale of less than and exist for no more than a couple of days. ...

    s, tropical waves, and the tropical lower stratosphere.
  • 1990: Yale Mintz for preeminent leadership in the global modeling of climate, and for inspiring tutelage of several generations of scientists.
  • 1991: Kikuro Miyakoda for outstanding contributions toward extending the time range of numerical weather prediction to weeks, months, and seasons.
  • 1992: Syukuro Manabe
    Syukuro Manabe
    is a Japanese meteorologist and climatologist who pioneered the use of computers to simulate global climate change and natural climate variations.-Scientific accomplishments:...

     for his contributions to the understanding of climate dynamics and his pioneering role in numerical prediction of climate change.
  • 1993: John M. Wallace for innovative and consequential contributions to the understanding of large-scale atmospheric circulations.
  • 1994: Jerry D. Mahlman for pioneering work in the application of general circulation models to the understanding of stratospheric dynamics and transport.
  • 1995: Chester W. Newton for fundamental research contributions in the areas of the structure and dynamics of jet streams, fronts, cyclones, severe storms, and mesoconvective systems; and the behavior of the general circulation of the atmosphere.
  • 1996: David Atlas for brilliant and sustained leadership in the field of radar meteorology, for important contributions to cloud physics and mesoscale meteorology, and for inspiring new generations of scientists in these fields.
  • 1997: Robert E. Dickinson for his wide-ranging and important contributions to atmospheric dynamics and to earth system science.
  • 1998: Barry Saltzman for his lifelong contributions to the study of the global circulation and the evolution of the earth's climate.
  • 1999: Taroh Matsuno for fundamental contributions to the theory of waves and wave mean flow interaction in geophysical systems.
  • 2000: Susan Solomon
    Susan Solomon
    Susan Solomon is an atmospheric chemist working for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Solomon was one of the first to propose chlorofluorocarbons as the cause of the Antarctic ozone hole.Solomon is a member of the U.S...

     for fundamental contributions to understanding the chemistry of the stratosphere and unraveling the mystery of the Antarctic ozone hole.
  • 2001: James R. Holton for outstanding advances in the dynamics of the stratosphere through theoretical advances, perceptive use of models, and contributions to key measurement programs.
  • 2002: V. Ramanathan
    Veerabhadran Ramanathan
    Veerabhadran Ramanathan is Victor Alderson Professor of Applied Ocean Sciences and director of the Center for Atmospheric Sciences at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego. He has contributed to many areas of the atmospheric sciences including developments to...

     for fundamental insights into the radiative roles of clouds, aerosols, and key gases in the earth's climate system.
  • 2003: Keith A. Browning for leadership in international programs and synthesis of observations and models dealing with synoptic and mesoscale systems, and for pioneering research on short-range forecasting.
  • 2004: Peter J. Webster for enduring contributions to understanding the general circulation of the tropical atmosphere-ocean system, through insightful research and exemplary scientific leadership.
  • 2005: Jagadish Shukla for fundamental contributions and inspired leadership in understanding the variability and predictability of the climate system on seasonal-to-international time scales.
  • 2006: Robert A. Houze for fundamental and enduring contributions towards the understanding of the broad spectrum of precipitation systems, their interactions with larger scale circulations, and for his leadership of field programs.
  • 2007: Kerry Emanuel
    Kerry Emanuel
    Kerry Emanuel is an American professor of meteorology currently working at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge. In particular he has specialized in atmospheric convection and the mechanisms acting to intensify hurricanes. He coined the term "hypercane" in 1994. In 2007, he was...

     for fundamental contributions to the science of moist convection that have led to a new and deeper understanding of tropical cyclones, midlatitude weather systems, and climate dynamics.
  • 2008: Isaac M. Held for fundamental insights into the dynamics of the Earth's climate through studies of idealized dynamical models and comprehensive climate simulations.
  • 2009: James E. Hansen for outstanding contributions to climate modeling, understanding climate change forcings and sensitivity, and for clear communication of climate science in the public arena.
  • 2010: Timothy N. Palmer for fundamental contributions to understanding the role of nonlinear processes in the predictability of weather and climate, and for developing tools for estimating such predictability.
  • 2011: Joseph B. Klemp for illuminating the dynamics of mountain waves and thunderstorms, and for his contributions to improvements in numerical techniques and community models.

External links

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