Carei
Encyclopedia
Carei is a city in Satu Mare County
, northwestern Romania
, near the border with Hungary
. It has 23,000 inhabitants (2004): 53% Hungarians, 40% Romanians
, 3% Roma, and 3% Germans
.
origin, such as Căpleni
, Urziceni
, Foieni
, Sanislău
, Petreşti
, Tiream
, Căuaş
and Moftin
.
According to written sources, King Louis I of Hungary permitted the organization of weekly market gatherings in Carei in 1346. The development of the trade in the region stimulated the wealth and expansion of the city.
Wars, plague and famine during the Middle Ages decimated the population and the Karoly family took steps in bringing Swabia
ns on their lands.
The first group of colonists came in 1712, opening a century-long period of gradual colonization with Swabians, Slovaks, and Jews. Effects on cultural and social life began to show: in 1725 the Piarist
Gymnasium was established, in 1754 the first typography was built, and in 1756 a drugstore was opened.
The light industry
began to bloom in the city starting with the 19th century, when the first public institutions were also created. Carei was declared a city in 1871.
Carei was taken from Hungarian and German
troops by Romanian and Soviet
forces on October 25, 1944. This date has since become the Romanian Army Day. After the war ended Carei was assigned to Romania by the Treaty of Paris
of 1947.
Since then, Carei was located in the Baia Mare Region between 1952 and 1960, in the Maramureş
region between 1960 and 1968, and since 1968, it has been part of the Satu Mare County
.
, characterized by hot dry summers and cold winters. As the city is in the far north of the country, winter is colder than the national average. The average annual temperature is 9.6 °C (49 °F).
park covering a surface of about 30 acres (121,405.8 m²) and containing a great variety of species of trees and plants.
with: Orosháza
since 1991 Nyírbátor
since 2000
Satu Mare County
Satu Mare County is a county of Romania. The capital city is Satu Mare. Besides Romanians , Satu Mare features a significant ethnic minority of Hungarians .-Demographics:...
, northwestern Romania
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
, near the border with Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
. It has 23,000 inhabitants (2004): 53% Hungarians, 40% Romanians
Romanians
The Romanians are an ethnic group native to Romania, who speak Romanian; they are the majority inhabitants of Romania....
, 3% Roma, and 3% Germans
Ethnic German
Ethnic Germans historically also ), also collectively referred to as the German diaspora, refers to people who are of German ethnicity. Many are not born in Europe or in the modern-day state of Germany or hold German citizenship...
.
Name
The city was named after an old noble family, the Károlyi. Carei administers one village, Ianculeşti . The neighbouring communities are Hungarian-speaking villages of GermanGermans
The Germans are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe. The English term Germans has referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages....
origin, such as Căpleni
Căpleni
Căpleni is a commune of 4,349 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Romania along the border with Hungary. It is composed of a single village, Căpleni, and also included Cămin village until 2002, when it was split off to form a separate commune....
, Urziceni
Urziceni, Satu Mare
Urziceni is a commune in Satu Mare County, Romania, right on the Hungarian border. It is composed of two villages, Urziceni and Urziceni-Pădure . The population was 1,509 in 2002; 68.1% of inhabitants were Hungarian, 22.5% were German, and 9.3% were ethnic Romanian...
, Foieni
Foieni
Foieni is a commune of 1,951 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Romania. It is composed of a single village, Foieni.-Demographics:Ethnic groups :*Hungarians: 55.52%*Germans: 41.60%*Romanians: 2.81%...
, Sanislău
Sanislau
Sanislău is a commune of 4,986 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Horea, Marna Nouă and Sanislău. Until 2004, it also included Ciumeşti, Berea and Viişoara, but these were split off that year to form Ciumeşti Commune....
, Petreşti
Petresti, Satu Mare
Petrești is a commune of 1,638 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Romania. It is composed of two villages, Dindeștiu Mic and Petrești.-Demographics:Ethnic groups :*Hungarians: 47.17%*Romanians: 11.82%*Germans: 31.49%...
, Tiream
Tiream
Tiream is a commune of 2,375 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Portiţa , Tiream and Vezendiu .-Demographics:Ethnic groups :*Romanians: 48.3%*Hungarians: 29.2%...
, Căuaş
Cauas
Căuaş is a commune of 2,559 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Romania. It is composed of six villages:*Ady Endre / Érmindszent or Adyfalva*Căuaş*Ghenci / Gencs*Ghileşti / Illéd*Hotoan / Érhatvan*Răduleşti- Demographics :...
and Moftin
Moftin
Moftin is a commune of 4,328 inhabitants situated in Satu Mare County, Romania. Its center is Moftinu Mic, and the commune is composed of seven villages:-Demographics:Ethnic groups :*Romanians: 57.39%*Hungarians: 31.81%...
.
History
The first historical document mentioning the name of the city dates form March 20, 1320. The settlement was called at the time "villa Karul".According to written sources, King Louis I of Hungary permitted the organization of weekly market gatherings in Carei in 1346. The development of the trade in the region stimulated the wealth and expansion of the city.
Wars, plague and famine during the Middle Ages decimated the population and the Karoly family took steps in bringing Swabia
Swabia
Swabia is a cultural, historic and linguistic region in southwestern Germany.-Geography:Like many cultural regions of Europe, Swabia's borders are not clearly defined...
ns on their lands.
The first group of colonists came in 1712, opening a century-long period of gradual colonization with Swabians, Slovaks, and Jews. Effects on cultural and social life began to show: in 1725 the Piarist
Piarists
The Order of Poor Clerics Regular of the Mother of God of the Pious Schools or, in short, Piarists , is the name of the oldest Catholic educational order also known as the Scolopi, Escolapios or Poor Clerics of the Mother of God...
Gymnasium was established, in 1754 the first typography was built, and in 1756 a drugstore was opened.
The light industry
Light industry
Light industry is usually less capital intensive than heavy industry, and is more consumer-oriented than business-oriented...
began to bloom in the city starting with the 19th century, when the first public institutions were also created. Carei was declared a city in 1871.
Carei was taken from Hungarian and German
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany , also known as the Third Reich , but officially called German Reich from 1933 to 1943 and Greater German Reich from 26 June 1943 onward, is the name commonly used to refer to the state of Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a totalitarian dictatorship ruled by...
troops by Romanian and Soviet
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
forces on October 25, 1944. This date has since become the Romanian Army Day. After the war ended Carei was assigned to Romania by the Treaty of Paris
Paris Peace Treaties, 1947
The Paris Peace Conference resulted in the Paris Peace Treaties signed on February 10, 1947. The victorious wartime Allied powers negotiated the details of treaties with Italy, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, and Finland .The...
of 1947.
Since then, Carei was located in the Baia Mare Region between 1952 and 1960, in the Maramureş
Maramures County
Maramureș is a county of Romania, in the Maramureș region. The county seat is Baia Mare.- History :* The 10th century frontier county of Borsova was founded by Stephen I of Hungary. Since then Máramaros served as the north-eastern border of the Hungarian Kingdom until 1920, the Trianon Peace...
region between 1960 and 1968, and since 1968, it has been part of the Satu Mare County
Satu Mare County
Satu Mare County is a county of Romania. The capital city is Satu Mare. Besides Romanians , Satu Mare features a significant ethnic minority of Hungarians .-Demographics:...
.
Climate
Carei has a continental climateContinental climate
Continental climate is a climate characterized by important annual variation in temperature due to the lack of significant bodies of water nearby...
, characterized by hot dry summers and cold winters. As the city is in the far north of the country, winter is colder than the national average. The average annual temperature is 9.6 °C (49 °F).
Tourism
The most important historical building in the city is the Károlyi castle. Built originally as a fortress around the 14th century, it was converted to a castle in 1794, undergoing further transformations during the 19th century. The manor is surrounded by a dendrologicalDendrology
Dendrology or xylology is the science and study of wooded plants . There is no sharp boundary between plant taxonomy and dendrology. However, woody plants not only belong to many different plant families, but these families may be made up of both woody and non-woody members. Some families include...
park covering a surface of about 30 acres (121,405.8 m²) and containing a great variety of species of trees and plants.
Twin towns — Sister cities
Carei is twinnedTown twinning
Twin towns and sister cities are two of many terms used to describe the cooperative agreements between towns, cities, and even counties in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.- Terminology :...
with: Orosháza
Orosháza
Orosháza is a city situated in the westernmost part of Békés county, Hungary, on the Békés ridge bordered by the rivers Maros and Körös. Orosháza is an important cultural, educational and recreational centre of the region...
since 1991 Nyírbátor
Nyírbátor
Nyírbátor /ˈɲiːɾbaːtoɾ/ is a town in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg county, in the Northern Great Plain region of eastern Hungary. With its historic atmosphere, this city is known for its 15th- and 16th-century ecclesiastic and secular built heritage and for the family of the former landowners, the Báthory...
since 2000