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Captain Lieutenant
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Captain Lieutenant or Captain-Lieutenant is a military rank.
In particular, the term Captain Lieutenant may refer to a rank in the Russian Navy, Red Fleet/Soviet Navy and previously Imperial Russian Navy, a rank in the German Navy, and a former rank in the British army.
In Russian and other East-European navies it is the most senior junior officer rank (equivalent to Captain in the Army/Ground Forces). The rank is also used in other countries, such as Brazil and Portugal. In many countries, a Captain Lieutenant is equal to a Commonwealth or US naval lieutenant, but this varies.
Russia
Captain-Lieutenant is a rank in the Russian Navy below a Captain of the 3rd rank and above a Senior Lieutenant. In Soviet times, it may be achieved as early as an officer's 5th year of service.
The US Navy considers this rank equivalent to Lieutenant. On the other hand, the Russians assign this rank the two-and-a-half stripe insignia used in Britain and the US for Lieutenant Commanders.
In terms of responsibilities, officers of this rank may serve as department heads on larger warships, but may also serve as commanding officers of 3rd and 4th rank warships (Russian ship classifications referring to all from Krivak-class frigates to gunboats and minesweepers).
Unlike the equivalent rank in the German Navy, submarines are at least nominally not on the list of eligible positions. In the past, when the boats were smaller, captain-lieutnants were eligible for the submarine command. However, in current Soviet/Russian ship ranking no modern submarine is given 3'rd rank. This reflects the high status of submarines, as all nuclear submarines (SSBN or SSN) are considered 1'st rank and large and medium diesels 2'nd rank, while smaller 3'rd rank subs simply aren't built.
Germany
Kapitänleutnant is the third lowest officer's rank in the German Navy. The U.S. Navy's rank of Lieutenant is equal to Kapitänleutnant in NATO's military hierarchy. Nevertheless, a Kapitänleutnant (colloquial abbreviation: Kaleun, Kaleu or Kaleut) may command smaller ships (e.g. submarines class 206A) giving the rank responsibilities more along those of a Lieutenant Commander in the U.S or Royal Navies. The abbreviation of the title to "Kaleu" as an informal address is used; the commander of the Type VIIC U-boat U 96 in the film "Das Boot" was of this rank, and called "Herr Kaleu" by his crew.
Rank insignia includes two-and-a-half stripes on shoulder boards (or rings on sleeves).
In the navies of Finland, Denmark and Norway the same rank is used (Finnish: Kapteeniluutnantti, Danish: Kaptajnløjtnant, Norwegian: Kapteinløytnant).
In the Austro-Hungarian Empire this rank was called k.u.k. Linienschiffsleutnant.
UK
Captain-lieutenant was formerly a rank in the British Army; the senior subaltern rank, above lieutenant and below captain.
A regiment's field officers - its colonel, lieutenant colonel, and major - originally commanded their own companies, as well as carrying out their regimental command duties.
However, from the 17th century onwards, the colonel increasingly became a patron and ceremonial head instead of an actual tactical commander, with command in the field devolving to the lieutenant colonel. This left the colonel's company without a captain.
The lieutenant of this company thus became its acting captain. This state of affairs was formally recognised with the creation of the rank of captain-lieutenant, with its own entry in the table of prices for the purchase of commissions.
The rank was abolished sometime in the early nineteenth century.
France
The French Army of the Ancien Régime used a rank of capitaine-lieutenant very similar to the British one. It was mostly encountered in the Royal Guard (maison militaire du roi), where the King was officially captain of most of the Guard companies, but the effective command was in the hands of a captain-lieutenant. D'Artagnan is perhaps the most famous captain-lieutenant in French history, as commander of the first mousquetaire company.
Estonia
Estonian Navy rank captain-lieutenant (kaptenleitnant) is 2nd senior officer rank,equal to commander in western navies.
See also
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