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The Camp des Milles was a French
France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
 internment camp, opened in September 1939, in a former tile
Tile

A tile is a manufactured piece of hard-wearing material such as ceramic, Rock , metal, or even glass. Tiles are generally used for covering roofs, floors, and walls, showers, or other objects such as tabletops....
 factory near the village of Les Milles, part of the commune
Communes of France

The commune is the lowest level of administrative divisions in the France. The French word commune appeared in the 12th century, from Medieval Latin Medieval commune, meaning a small gathering of people sharing a common life, from Latin communis, things held in common....
 of Aix-en-Provence
Aix-en-Provence

Aix or Aix-en-Provence , to distinguish it from other cities built over hot springs, is a communes of France in southern France, some north of Marseille....
 (Bouches-du-Rhône
Bouches-du-Rhône

Bouches-du-Rh?ne is a departments of France in the south of France named after the mouth of the Rh?ne River....
).

The camp was first used to intern Germans and ex-Austrians living in the Marseille
Marseille

"Marseille" is the second-largest city of France and forms the third-largest aire urbaine, after those of Paris and Lyon, with a population recorded to be 1,516,340 at the 1999 census and estimated to be 1,605,000 in 2007....
 area, and by June 1940, some 3,500 artists and intellectuals were detained there. Novelist Lion Feuchtwanger
Lion Feuchtwanger

Lion Feuchtwanger was a Germany-Jewish novelist and playwright....
 was an inmate. Surrealist
Surrealism

Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early-1920s, and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members....
 artists Hans Bellmer
Hans Bellmer

Hans Bellmer was an artist best known for the life-sized puberty female dolls he produced in the mid-1930s. Historians of art and photography also consider him a Surrealist photographer....
 and Max Ernst
Max Ernst

Max Ernst was a German Painting, sculptor, graphic artist, and poet. A prolific artist, Ernst is considered to be one of the primary pioneers of Dada movement and Surrealism....
 were imprisoned in the Camp des Milles prison for most of World War II
World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
. Between 1941 and 1942 Le Camp des Milles was used as a transit camp for Jews, mainly men.






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The Camp des Milles was a French
France

France , officially the French Republic , is a country whose Metropolitan France is located in Western Europe and that also comprises various Overseas departments and territories of France....
 internment camp, opened in September 1939, in a former tile
Tile

A tile is a manufactured piece of hard-wearing material such as ceramic, Rock , metal, or even glass. Tiles are generally used for covering roofs, floors, and walls, showers, or other objects such as tabletops....
 factory near the village of Les Milles, part of the commune
Communes of France

The commune is the lowest level of administrative divisions in the France. The French word commune appeared in the 12th century, from Medieval Latin Medieval commune, meaning a small gathering of people sharing a common life, from Latin communis, things held in common....
 of Aix-en-Provence
Aix-en-Provence

Aix or Aix-en-Provence , to distinguish it from other cities built over hot springs, is a communes of France in southern France, some north of Marseille....
 (Bouches-du-Rhône
Bouches-du-Rhône

Bouches-du-Rh?ne is a departments of France in the south of France named after the mouth of the Rh?ne River....
).

The camp was first used to intern Germans and ex-Austrians living in the Marseille
Marseille

"Marseille" is the second-largest city of France and forms the third-largest aire urbaine, after those of Paris and Lyon, with a population recorded to be 1,516,340 at the 1999 census and estimated to be 1,605,000 in 2007....
 area, and by June 1940, some 3,500 artists and intellectuals were detained there. Novelist Lion Feuchtwanger
Lion Feuchtwanger

Lion Feuchtwanger was a Germany-Jewish novelist and playwright....
 was an inmate. Surrealist
Surrealism

Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early-1920s, and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members....
 artists Hans Bellmer
Hans Bellmer

Hans Bellmer was an artist best known for the life-sized puberty female dolls he produced in the mid-1930s. Historians of art and photography also consider him a Surrealist photographer....
 and Max Ernst
Max Ernst

Max Ernst was a German Painting, sculptor, graphic artist, and poet. A prolific artist, Ernst is considered to be one of the primary pioneers of Dada movement and Surrealism....
 were imprisoned in the Camp des Milles prison for most of World War II
World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
. Between 1941 and 1942 Le Camp des Milles was used as a transit camp for Jews, mainly men. Women were at the Centre Bompard in Marseille, while they waited for their to emigrate. As emigration became impossible, Les Milles became one of the centres de rassemblement before deportation. About 2,000 of the inmates were shipped off to the Drancy internment camp
Drancy internment camp

Drancy deportation camp of Paris, France used to hold Jews who were later deported to the extermination camps. 65,000 Jews were deported from Drancy, of these, 63,000 were murdered including 6,000 children and only 2,000 were alive when Allied forces liberated the camp on August 17, 1944....
 on the way to Auschwitz.

After the war, the site was briefly re-opened in 1946 as a factory.

Since 1993, the sites serves as a World War II
World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global military conflict which involved a Participants in World War II, including all of the great powers, organised into two opposing military alliances: the Allies of World War II and the Axis powers....
 memorial.

In 1995 a movie titled Les Milles commemorating this camp and the events that took place in this camp at the time of the Armistice in June 1940 was made.

External links

  • (in French)
  • (in French)
  • (in French)