- Camillo Borghese redirects here. Camillo Borghese was also the birth name of Pope Paul V
Pope Paul V , born Camillo Borghese, was Pope from 16 May, 1605 until his death.-Early life:...
.
Don Camillo Filippo Ludovico Borghese, Prince of Sulmona and of Rossano, Duke and Prince of Guastalla (19 July 1775 – 9 May 1832) was a member of the
Borghese familyBorghese is the surname of a family of Italian noble and papal background, originating as the Borghese or Borghesi in Siena, where they came to prominence in the 13th century holding offices under the commune...
, best known for being brother-in-law to Napoleon.
Camillo Borghese was born in
RomeRome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated municipality , with over 2.7 million residents in , while the population of the urban area is estimated by Eurostat to be 3.46 million. The metropolitan area of Rome is estimated by OECD to have a population of 3.7 million...
, the son of the pro-Napoleon
Marcantonio IV BorgheseMarcantonio III Borghese, 5th Prince of Sulmona was the head of the Borghese family of Rome. Pro-Bonaparte in sympathies, he was the father of Camillo Filippo Ludovico Borghese....
and brother of Francesco (1776-1839), Prince
AldobrandiniThe Aldobrandini were an undistinguished Florentine family whose Roman fortunes were made when Ippolito Aldobrandini became pope under the name Pope Clement VIII. He arranged the marriage that linked the Aldobrandini with the Roman family of Pamphili...
, and entered France's service in 1796.
- Camillo Borghese redirects here. Camillo Borghese was also the birth name of Pope Paul V
Pope Paul V , born Camillo Borghese, was Pope from 16 May, 1605 until his death.-Early life:...
.
Don Camillo Filippo Ludovico Borghese, Prince of Sulmona and of Rossano, Duke and Prince of Guastalla (19 July 1775 – 9 May 1832) was a member of the
Borghese familyBorghese is the surname of a family of Italian noble and papal background, originating as the Borghese or Borghesi in Siena, where they came to prominence in the 13th century holding offices under the commune...
, best known for being brother-in-law to Napoleon.
Biography
Camillo Borghese was born in
RomeRome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated municipality , with over 2.7 million residents in , while the population of the urban area is estimated by Eurostat to be 3.46 million. The metropolitan area of Rome is estimated by OECD to have a population of 3.7 million...
, the son of the pro-Napoleon
Marcantonio IV BorgheseMarcantonio III Borghese, 5th Prince of Sulmona was the head of the Borghese family of Rome. Pro-Bonaparte in sympathies, he was the father of Camillo Filippo Ludovico Borghese....
and brother of Francesco (1776-1839), Prince
AldobrandiniThe Aldobrandini were an undistinguished Florentine family whose Roman fortunes were made when Ippolito Aldobrandini became pope under the name Pope Clement VIII. He arranged the marriage that linked the Aldobrandini with the Roman family of Pamphili...
, and entered France's service in 1796. He became the second husband of Napoleon's sister
Pauline BonaparteMarie Paulette Bonaparte, Princesse Française, Princess and Duchess of Guastalla was the younger and favorite sister of Napoleon I of France.-Before Napoleon's rise to power:...
in 1803 (after the death of her first husband
Charles LeclercCharles Victor Emmanuel Leclerc was a French Army general and husband to Pauline Bonaparte, sister to Napoleon Bonaparte.-To 1801:...
). He was made a prince of France in 1804; a troop-commander in the
Imperial GuardThe Imperial Guard was originally a small group of elite soldiers of the French Army under the direct command of Napoleon I, but grew considerably over time. It acted as his bodyguard and tactical reserve, and he was careful of its use in battle...
in 1805 and soon afterwards
oberstOberst is a military rank in several German-speaking and Scandinavian countries, equivalent to Colonel. It is currently used by both the ground and air forces of Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Denmark and Norway...
(and late
division generalMajor General or Major-General is a military rank used in many countries. It is derived from the older rank of Sergeant Major General. A Major General is a high-ranking officer, normally subordinate to the rank of Lieutenant General and senior to the ranks of Brigadier and Brigadier General...
) and duke of Guastalla; and in 1809 commander of 27th and 28th Division of the French Army.
Initially passionate (he commissioned
a nude portrait of her"Pauline Bonaparte as Venus Victrix" is a semi-nude life-size reclining neo-Classical portrait sculpture by the Italian sculptor Antonio Canova...
from Canova), the marriage later foundered due to her taking a series of lovers and showing eccentricities such as being carried to her baths by her huge African slaves and using her ladies-in-waiting for footstools. They led separate lives but did not divorce, and Pauline convinced her brother to give Camillo the governorship of
PiedmontPiedmont is one of the 20 regions of Italy. It has an area of 25,399 km
2 and a population of about 4.4 million. The capital is Turin. The main local language is Piedmontese. Occitan is also spoken by a minority in the so-called Occitan Valleys...
in 1808 (with the words "Camillo is an imbecile, no one knows that better than I do. But what does that matter, when we're talking about governing a territory?") and guardianship of Napoleon's prisoner
Pope Pius VIIPope Pius VII, OSB , born Count Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti, was Pope from March 14, 1800 to August 20, 1823.-Early life:...
.
Napoleon also forced him to sell 344 pieces from the
family art collectionThe Borghese Collection is a collection of Roman sculptures, old masters and modern art collected by the Roman Borghese family, especially Cardinal Scipione Borghese, from the 17th century on. It includes major collections of Caravaggio, Raphael, and Titian, and of ancient Roman art...
to the French state, which Camillo made up with new pieces from excavations on his estates. Camillo also took an interest in the
family villaVilla Borghese may refer to:*The Villa Borghese Pinciana , the villa built by the architect Flaminio Ponzio, developing sketches by Scipione Borghese, who used it as a villa suburbana, a party villa, at the edge of Rome, and to house his art collection.**The Galleria Borghese which now occupies the...
at
Porta PincianaPorta Pinciana is a gate of the Aurelian Walls in Rome.The name derives from the gens Pincia, who owned the epponymous hill...
, rearranging the display of the collection within it and giving it a new new monumental entrance at
Piazza del PopoloThe Piazza del Popolo is a large square in Rome. The name in modern Italian literally means "piazza of the people", but historically it derives from the poplars after which the church of Santa Maria del Popolo, in the northeast corner of the piazza, takes its name.The Piazza lies inside the...
.
After Napoleon's fall, Camillo's alliance with him proved awkward and he moved to
FlorenceFlorence is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany and of the province of Florence...
to distance himself from it and her, managing to avoid any of his lands being sequestered by the popes (a usual punishment for pro-Bonaparte tendencies). After 10 years there with a long-term mistress, he was reluctantly convinced by the pope into receiving Pauline back, only 3 months before she died of cancer. He then continued in secret and futile Bonapartist plots until his own death, which occurred at Florence in 1832. He was succeeded by his brother Francesco.