All Topics  
Caldera

 
Caldera

 
   Email Print
   Bookmark   Link
 

 

Caldera
 
 
  Topics Caldera Topic Home

A caldera is a cauldron-like volcanic
Volcano

A volcano is an opening, or rupture, in a planet's surface or Crust , which allows hot, molten rock, ash, and gases to escape from below the surface....
 feature usually formed by the collapse of land following a volcanic eruption such as the one at Yellowstone National Park
Yellowstone National Park

Yellowstone National Park, established by the U.S. Congress as a national park on March 1, 1872, is located primarily in the U.S. state of Wyoming, though it also extends into Montana and Idaho....
. They are sometimes confused with volcanic crater
Volcanic crater

A volcanic crater is a circular depression in the ground caused by volcanic activity. It is typically a basin, circular in form within which occurs a vent from which magma erupts as gases, lava, and ejecta....
s. The word comes from Spanish
Spanish language

Spanish or Castilian is a Romance languages that originated in northern Spain, and gradually spread in the Kingdom of Castile and evolved into the principal language of government and trade....
 caldera, and this from Latin
Latin

Latin is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Through the Military history of the Roman Empire, Latin spread throughout the Mediterranean and a large part of Europe....
 CALDARIA, meaning "cooking pot".






Discussion
Ask a question about 'Caldera'
Start a new discussion about 'Caldera'
Answer questions from other users
Full Discussion Forum



Recent Posts

What is collderea mindanao?
What is the hitory and the kinds of collderea mindanao?








Encyclopedia


Santorini Landsat
A caldera is a cauldron-like volcanic
Volcano

A volcano is an opening, or rupture, in a planet's surface or Crust , which allows hot, molten rock, ash, and gases to escape from below the surface....
 feature usually formed by the collapse of land following a volcanic eruption such as the one at Yellowstone National Park
Yellowstone National Park

Yellowstone National Park, established by the U.S. Congress as a national park on March 1, 1872, is located primarily in the U.S. state of Wyoming, though it also extends into Montana and Idaho....
. They are sometimes confused with volcanic crater
Volcanic crater

A volcanic crater is a circular depression in the ground caused by volcanic activity. It is typically a basin, circular in form within which occurs a vent from which magma erupts as gases, lava, and ejecta....
s. The word comes from Spanish
Spanish language

Spanish or Castilian is a Romance languages that originated in northern Spain, and gradually spread in the Kingdom of Castile and evolved into the principal language of government and trade....
 caldera, and this from Latin
Latin

Latin is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Through the Military history of the Roman Empire, Latin spread throughout the Mediterranean and a large part of Europe....
 CALDARIA, meaning "cooking pot". In some texts the English term cauldron
Cauldron

A cauldron or caldron is a large metal Cooking pot for cooking and/or boiling over an open fire, with a large mouth and frequently with an arc-shaped hanger....
 is also used. A caldera like the one surrounding Mount Warning
Mount Warning

Mount Warning is a mountain close to Murwillumbah, New South Wales, near the border with Queensland on the North Coast of New South Wales, Australia....
 is caused not by a collapse, but by erosion, and is therefore called an erosion caldera.

In 1815, the German geologist Leopold von Buch visited the Las Cañadas Caldera Teide
Teide

Mount Teide or, in Spanish language, El Teide, is an active though dormant volcano which last erupted in 1909 from the El Chinyero vent on the Santiago rift and is located on Tenerife, Canary Islands....
, Tenerife
Tenerife

Tenerife, a Spain island, is the largest of the seven Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Africa. Tenerife has an area of 2034.38 square kilometers, and 886,033 inhabitants, which make it the most populated island of the Canary Islands and Spain....
 and the Caldera de Taburiente, La Palma
La Palma

Isla de La Palma , is a Spain volcanic ocean island. It is one of the seven major Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off of the west coast of Africa....
, both in the Canary Islands
Canary Islands

The Canary Islands are a Spain archipelago which, in turn, forms one of the Spanish Autonomous Communities and an Outermost Region of the European Union....
. When he published his memoirs he introduced the term "caldera" into the geological vocabulary.

Caldera formation

A collapse is triggered by the emptying of the magma chamber
Magma chamber

A magma chamber is a large underground pool of molten Rock lying under the surface of the earth's crust. The molten rock in such a chamber is under great pressure, and given enough time pressure can gradually fracture the rock around it creating outlets for the magma....
 beneath the volcano, usually as the result of a large volcanic eruption
Volcano

A volcano is an opening, or rupture, in a planet's surface or Crust , which allows hot, molten rock, ash, and gases to escape from below the surface....
. If enough magma is erupted, the emptied chamber will not be able to support the weight of the volcanic edifice above it. A roughly circular fracture - the "Ring Fault" develops around the edge of the chamber. These ring fractures serve as feeders for fault intrusions which are also known as ring dykes. Secondary volcanic vents may form above the ring fracture. As the magma chamber empties, the center of the volcano within the ring fracture begins to collapse. The collapse may occur as the result of a single cataclysmic eruption, or it may occur in stages as the result of a series of eruptions. The total area that collapses may be hundreds or thousands of square kilometers.

Toba Zoom

Explosive calderas

If the magma
Magma

Magma is molten Rock that is found beneath the surface of the Earth, and may also exist on other terrestrial planets. Besides molten rock, magma may also contain suspended crystals and gas bubbles....
 is rich in silica, the caldera is often filled in with ignimbrite
Ignimbrite

Ignimbrite is a volcano pyroclastic rock, often of dacitic or rhyolitic composition."Ignimbrite" is the deposit of a pumice rich pyroclastic density current, or 'pyroclastic flow', a hot suspension of particles and gases that flows rapidly from a volcano, driven by a greater density than the surrounding atmosphere....
, tuff
Tuff

Tuff is a type of Rock consisting of consolidated volcanic ash ejected from vents during a volcanic eruption. Tuff is also sometimes called tufa, particularly when used as construction material....
, rhyolite
Rhyolite

This page is about a volcanic rock. For the ghost town see Rhyolite, Nevada, and for the satellite system, see Rhyolite/Aquacade.Rhyolite is an igneous rock, volcanic rock , of felsic composition ....
, and other igneous rock
Igneous rock

Igneous rock is one of the three main Rock types . Igneous rock is formed by magma being cooled and becoming solid . They may form with or without crystallization, either below the surface as Intrusion rocks or on the surface as extrusive rocks....
s. Silica-rich magma does have a high viscosity
Viscosity

Viscosity is a measure of the Drag of a fluid which is being deformed by either shear stress or extensional stress. In everyday terms , viscosity is "thickness"....
, and therefore does not flow easily like basalt
Basalt

Basalt is a common extrusive volcanic rock. It is usually gray to black and fine-grained due to rapid cooling of lava at the surface of a planet....
. As a result, gases tend to become trapped at high pressure within the magma. When the magma approaches the surface of the Earth the rapid off-loading of overlying material causes the trapped gases to decompress rapidly triggering explosive destruction of the magma and spreading volcanic ash
Volcanic ash

Volcanic ash consists of small tephra, which are bits of pulverized rock and glass created by volcano eruptions, less than in diameter. There are three mechanisms of volcanic ash formation: gas release under decompression causing magmatic eruptions; thermal contraction from chilling on contact with water causing phreatomagmatic eruptions...
 over wide areas. There is a type of lava in explosive calderas called A'a. Further lava
Lava

Lava is molten Rock expelled by a volcano during an eruption. When first expelled from a volcanic vent, it is a liquid at temperatures from 700 ?C to 1,200 ?C ....
 flows may be erupted.

If volcanic activity continues the centre of the caldera may be uplifted in the form of a resurgent dome
Resurgent dome

In geology, a resurgent dome is a Dome formed by swelling or rising of a caldera floor due to movement in the magma chamber beneath it. Unlike a lava dome, a resurgent dome is not formed by the extrusion of highly viscous lava onto the surface, but rather by the uplift and deformation of the surface itself by magma movement underground....
 such as is seen at Cerro Galán
Galan

Galan may refer to:* Giancarlo Galan, an Italian politician and Governor of the Veneto region* Galactus, a cosmic entity in Marvel Comics whose name was once Galan...
, Lake Toba
Lake Toba

Lake Toba is a lake and supervolcano, 100 kilometres long and 30 kilometres wide, and 505 metres at its deepest point. Located in the middle of the northern part of the Indonesian island of Sumatra with a surface elevation of about 900 m , the lake stretches from to ....
, Yellowstone
Yellowstone

Yellowstone most often refers to Yellowstone National Park.Yellowstone may also refer to:* 2-8-8-4, a locomotive type nicknamed "Yellowstone"...
 etc; by subsequent intrusion of magma. A silicic or rhyolitic caldera may erupt hundreds or even thousands of cubic kilometers of material in a single event. Even small caldera-forming eruptions, such as Krakatoa
Krakatoa

Krakatoa , also spelled Krakatao, is a Island#Oceanic islands in the Sunda Strait between the islands of Java and Sumatra in Indonesia. The name is used for the island group, the main island , and the volcano as a whole....
 in 1883 or Mount Pinatubo
Mount Pinatubo

Mount Pinatubo is an active stratovolcano located on the island of Luzon, at the intersection of the borders of the Philippine provinces of Zambales, Tarlac, and Pampanga....
 in 1991, may result in significant local destruction and a noticeable drop in temperature around the world. Large calderas may have even greater effects.

When Yellowstone Caldera
Yellowstone Caldera

The Yellowstone Caldera is the volcano caldera in Yellowstone National Park in the United States. The caldera is located in the northwest corner of Wyoming, in which the vast majority of the park is contained....
 last erupted some 640,000 years ago, it released about 1,000 km3 of dense rock equivalent (DRE) material, covering a substantial part of North America
North America

North America is the northern continent of the Americas, situated in the Earth's northern hemisphere and almost totally in the western hemisphere....
 in up to two metres of debris. By comparison, when Mount St. Helens
Mount St. Helens

Mount St. Helens is an active stratovolcano located in Skamania County, Washington, Washington, in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States....
 erupted in 1980, it released ~1.2 km3 (DRE) of ejecta. The ecological effects of the eruption of a large caldera can be seen in the record of the Lake Toba
Lake Toba

Lake Toba is a lake and supervolcano, 100 kilometres long and 30 kilometres wide, and 505 metres at its deepest point. Located in the middle of the northern part of the Indonesian island of Sumatra with a surface elevation of about 900 m , the lake stretches from to ....
 eruption in Indonesia
Indonesia

The Republic of Indonesia , is a transcontinental country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Comprising Islands of Indonesia, it is the world's largest Archipelago state....
.

Toba


About 75,000 years ago, this Indonesian volcano released about 2,800 km3 DRE of ejecta, the largest known eruption within the Quaternary
Quaternary

The Quaternary Period is the Geologic Time Scale period after the Neogene Period, spanning 1.805 +/- 0.005 million years ago to the present. The Quaternary includes two geologic epochs: the Pleistocene and the Holocene epoch ....
 Period (last 1.8 million years) and probably the largest explosive eruption withtin the last 25 million years. In the late 1990s, anthropologist Stanley Ambrose proposed that a volcanic winter
Volcanic winter

A volcanic winter is the reduction in temperature caused by volcanic ash and droplets of sulfuric acid obscuring the sun and lowering the albedo , during a large particularly explosive type of volcano....
 induced by this eruption reduced the human
Human

A human being, also human or man, is a member of a species of bipedalism primates in the family Hominidae . Mitochondrial DNA evidence indicates that modern humans originated in east Africa about 200,000 years ago....
 population to about 2,000 - 20,000 individuals, resulting in a population bottleneck
Population bottleneck

A population bottleneck is an evolutionary event in which a significant percentage of a population or species is killed or otherwise prevented from reproducing....
 (see Toba catastrophe theory
Toba catastrophe theory

According to the Toba catastrophe theory, 70,000 to 75,000 years ago a Supervolcano event at Lake Toba, on Sumatra, reduced the world's human population to 10,000 or even a mere 1,000 breeding pairs, creating a Population bottleneck in human evolution....
). More recently several geneticists, including Lynn Jorde and Henry Harpending
Henry Harpending

Henry C. Harpending is an anthropology and population genetics at the University of Utah, where he is a Distinguished Professor. Harpending has broken new ground in anthropology and human biology interpreting genetics and morphometric variation within and between human populations with mathematically based models, examining hypotheses such...
 have proposed that the human race was reduced to approximately five to ten thousand people. Whichever figure is right, the fact remains that the human race seemingly came close to extinction about 75,000 years ago.

Eruptions forming even larger calderas are known, especially La Garita Caldera
La Garita Caldera

La Garita Caldera is a large volcano caldera located in the San Juan volcanic field in the San Juan Mountains in southwestern Colorado, United States, to the west of the town of La Garita, Colorado....
 in the San Juan Mountains
San Juan Mountains

The San Juan Mountains are a rugged mountain range in the Rocky Mountains in southwestern Colorado. The area is highly mineralized and figured in the gold and silver mining industry of early Colorado....
 of Colorado
Colorado

The State of Colorado is a U.S. state located in the Mountain States of the United States of America. Colorado may also be considered to be a part of the Western United States and Southwestern United States regions of the United States....
, where the 5,000 km3 Fish Canyon Tuff was blasted out in a major single eruption about 27.8 million years ago.

At some points in geological time, rhyolitic calderas have appeared in distinct clusters. The remnants of such clusters may be found in places such as the San Juan Mountains
San Juan Mountains

The San Juan Mountains are a rugged mountain range in the Rocky Mountains in southwestern Colorado. The area is highly mineralized and figured in the gold and silver mining industry of early Colorado....
 of Colorado
Colorado

The State of Colorado is a U.S. state located in the Mountain States of the United States of America. Colorado may also be considered to be a part of the Western United States and Southwestern United States regions of the United States....
 (erupted during the Tertiary Period) or the Saint Francois Mountain Range of Missouri
Missouri

Missouri is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States of the United States bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Kansas and Nebraska....
 (erupted during the Proterozoic
Proterozoic

The Proterozoic is a eon representing a period before the first abundant complex life on Earth. The Proterozoic Eon extended from 2500 annum to 542.0 ? 1.0 Ma , and is the most recent part of the old, informally named ?Precambrian? time....
).

La Cumbre Iss

Non-explosive calderas

Some volcanoes, such as Kilauea
Kilauea

Kilauea is an active volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, one of five shield volcanoes that together form the Hawaii . In Hawaiian language, the word kilauea means "spewing" or "much spreading", in reference to the mountain's frequent outpouring of lava....
 on the island of Hawaii
Hawaii (island)

The Island of Hawaii, also called the Big Island or Hawaii Island , is a volcano island in the U.S. Hawaii in the North Pacific Ocean....
, form calderas in a different fashion. In the case of Kilauea, the magma feeding the volcano is basalt
Basalt

Basalt is a common extrusive volcanic rock. It is usually gray to black and fine-grained due to rapid cooling of lava at the surface of a planet....
 which is silica poor. As a result, the magma is much less viscous than the magma of a rhyolitic volcano, and the magma chamber is drained by large lava flows rather than by explosive events. The resulting calderas are also known as subsidence calderas, and can form more gradually than explosive calderas. For instance, the caldera atop Fernandina Island
Fernandina Island

Fernandina Island is the third largest, and youngest, island of the Gal?pagos Islands. The island is an active shield volcano that last erupted on May 13, 2005....
 underwent a collapse in 1968, when parts of the caldera floor dropped 350 meters. Kilauea
Kilauea

Kilauea is an active volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, one of five shield volcanoes that together form the Hawaii . In Hawaiian language, the word kilauea means "spewing" or "much spreading", in reference to the mountain's frequent outpouring of lava....
 Caldera has an inner crater known as Halema‘uma‘u, which has often been filled by a lava lake. At the summit of the largest volcano on Earth, Mauna Loa
Mauna Loa

Mauna Loa is the largest volcano on earth and one of five volcanoes that form the Hawaii in the U.S. state of Hawaii in the North Pacific Ocean....
, is a subsidence caldera called Moku‘aweoweo Caldera.

It is very frequent for a caldera to become emptied by drainage of melted lava throughout a breach on the caldera's rim. The Caldera de Taburiente and the Caldereta, both in the island of La Palma
La Palma

Isla de La Palma , is a Spain volcanic ocean island. It is one of the seven major Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off of the west coast of Africa....
 (Canary Islands
Canary Islands

The Canary Islands are a Spain archipelago which, in turn, forms one of the Spanish Autonomous Communities and an Outermost Region of the European Union....
), are calderas emptied by a river of lava some 500,000 years ago.

Non-Earth Calderas

Since the early sixties it has been known that volcanism exists on other planets and moons. Through the use of manned and unmanned spacecraft volcanism has been undoubtedly discovered on Venus
Venus

Venus is the second-closest planet to the Sun, orbiting it every 224.7 Earth days. The planet is named after Venus , the Roman mythology goddess of love....
, Mars
MARS

In cryptography, MARS is a block cipher that was IBM's submission to the Advanced Encryption Standard process. MARS was selected as an AES finalist in August 1999, after the AES2 conference in March 1999, where it was voted as the fifth and last finalist algorithm....
, the Moon
Moon

The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite and the List of natural satellites by diameter satellite in the Solar System. The average centre-to-centre distance from the Earth to the Moon is km, about thirty times the diameter of the Earth....
 and Io
Io

Io or io may refer to:*Io , daughter of Inachus in Greek mythology*Io , a moon of Jupiter*IO , a German band*Io , an English experimental band...
, a satellite of Jupiter
Jupiter

Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the Solar system by size planet within the Solar System. It is two and a half times as massive as all of the other planets in our Solar System combined....
. It is not known whether any of these orbs have plate tectonics
Plate tectonics

Plate tectonics describes the large scale motions of Earth's lithosphere. The theory encompasses the older concepts of continental drift, developed during the first decades of the 20th century by Alfred Wegener, and seafloor spreading, understood during the 1960s....
, which contributes approximately 60% of the Earth's volcanic activity (the other 40% attributed to hot spot volcanism)(Wilson 2008). Caldera structure is similar on all of these planetary bodies, though the size varies considerably. The average caldera diameter on Venus is 68 km. The average caldera diameter of Io is close to 40 km, and the mode is 6 km. Tvashtar Catena is likely the largest caldera on Io with a diameter of 290 km. The average of Mars caldera diameter is 48 km, smaller than Venus. Calderas on Earth are the smallest of all planetary bodies and vary from 1.6 to 80 km as a maximum (Gottsmann 2008).

The Moon

The Moon has an outer shell of low density crystalline rock that is a few hundred kilometers thick, which formed due to a rapid creation. The craters of the moon have been well preserved through time and were once thought to have been the result of extreme volcanic activity, but instead were formed by meteorites, mostly all of which took place in the first few hundred million years after the Moon formed. Around 500 million years afterwards, the Moon's mantle was able to be extensively melted due to the decay of radioactive elements. Massive basaltic eruptions took place generally at the base of large impact craters. Also, eruptions may have taken place due to a magma reservoir at the base of the crust. This forms a dome, but possibly the same morphology of a shield volcano where calderas universally are known to form (Wilson 2008).

Mars

The volcanic activity of Mars is concentrated on two major provinces, Tharsis and Elysium. Each Province contains a series of giant shield volcanoes that are similar to what we see on Earth and likely are the result of mantle hot spots. The surfaces are dominated by lava flows, and all have one or more collapse calderas (Wilson 2008).

Venus

Because there are no plate tectonics on Venus, heat must be lost by conduction through the lithosphere. This causes enormous lava flows, accounting for 80% of Venus' surface area. Many of the mountains are large shield volcanoes that range in size from 150-400 km in diameter and 2-4 km high. More than 80 of these large shield volcanoes have summit calderas averaging 60 km across (Wilson 2008).

Io

Io has an unusual heat source because of the solid flexing that occurs due to the tidal influence as it orbits its parent planet, Jupiter. Io, unlike any of the planets mentioned, is volcanically active and contains many calderas with diameters tens of kilometers across (Wilson 2008).

Mineralization

Some calderas are known to support rich mineralogy
Mineralogy

Mineralogy is an Earth Science focused around the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical properties of minerals. Specific studies within mineralogy include the processes of mineral origin and formation, classification of minerals, their geographical distribution, as well as their utilization....
. One of the world's best preserved mineralized calderas is the Neoarchean
Neoarchean

The Neoarchean is a geology era within the Archaean. It spans the period of time from —the period being defined chronometrically and not referenced to a specific level in a rock section on Earth....
 Sturgeon Lake Caldera
Sturgeon Lake Caldera

Sturgeon Lake Caldera is a large extinct volcano caldera complex in Kenora District, Ontario of Northwestern Ontario, Canada. It is one the world's best preserved mineralization Neoarchean caldera complexes, containing well-preserved mafic-intermediate pillow lavas, pillow breccias, hyaloclastite and peperites, submarine lava domes and dome-...
 in northeastern Ontario
Northeastern Ontario

Northeastern Ontario is the region within the Canada province of Ontario which lies north and east of Lakes Lake Superior and Lake Huron.Northeastern Ontario consists of Algoma District, Ontario, Sudbury District, Ontario, Cochrane District, Ontario, Timiskaming District, Ontario, Nipissing District, Ontario, Manitoulin District, Ontario an...
, Canada
Canada

Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean....
.

Volcanic calderas

See also :Category:Volcanic calderas
  • Africa
    • Ngorongoro Crater (Tanzania
      Tanzania

      Tanzania , officially the United Republic of Tanzania , is a country in East Africa that is bordered by Kenya and Uganda on the north, Rwanda, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the west, and Zambia, Malawi and Mozambique on the south....
      , Africa)
    • Mount Elgon
      Mount Elgon

      Mount Elgon is an extinct volcano shield volcano on the border of Uganda and Kenya.The mountain is named after the Elgeyo tribe, who once lived in huge caves on the south side of the mountain....
       (Uganda
      Uganda

      The Republic of Uganda is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered on the east by Kenya, on the north by Sudan, on the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, on the southwest by Rwanda, and on the south by Tanzania....
      /Kenya
      Kenya

      The Republic of Kenya is a country in East Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia to the north, Somalia to the northeast, Tanzania to the south, Uganda to the west, and Sudan to the northwest, with the Indian Ocean running along the southeast border....
      )
    • Mount Fogo
      Mount Fogo

      Mount Fogo is the highest peak of Cape Verde, rising to 2,829 metres above sea level. It is an active stratovolcano lying on the island of Fogo, Cape Verde....
      , Cape Verde
      Cape Verde

      The Republic of Cape Verde , is an archipelago nation located in the Macaronesia ecoregion of the North Atlantic Ocean, off the western coast of Africa....
    • See Europe for calderas in the Canary Islands
  • Asia
    • Aira Caldera
      Aira Caldera

      Aira Caldera is a gigantic volcanic caldera in the south of the Kyushu, Japan. The caldera was created by a massive eruption, approximately 22,000 years ago....
       (Kagoshima Prefecture
      Kagoshima Prefecture

      is a Prefectures of Japan of Japan located on Kyushu island. The capital is the city of Kagoshima, Kagoshima....
      , Japan
      Japan

      Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....
      )
    • Aso
      Mount Aso

      is the largest active volcano in Japan, and is among the largest in the world. It stands in Kumamoto Prefecture, on the island of Kyushu. Its peak is 1592 m above sea level....
       (Kumamoto Prefecture
      Kumamoto Prefecture

      is a Prefectures of Japan of Japan located on Kyushu Island. The capital is the city of Kumamoto, Kumamoto....
      , Japan
      Japan

      Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....
      )
    • Mount Halla (Jeju-do
      Jeju-do

      Jeju-do is the only special autonomous province of South Korea, situated on and coterminous with the country's largest island. Jeju-do lies in the Korea Strait, southwest of Jeollanam-do Province, of which it was a part before it became a separate province in 1946....
      , South Korea
      South Korea

      South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea , ), often referred to as Korea and the "names of Korea#Revival of the names", is a Semi-presidential system republic in East Asia, located in the southern half of the Korean Peninsula....
      )
    • Kikai Caldera
      Kikai Caldera

      is a massive mostly submerged caldera up to in diameter in the Osumi Islands of Kagoshima prefecture, Japan. It is the remains of the ancient eruption of a gigantic volcano....
       (Kagoshima Prefecture
      Kagoshima Prefecture

      is a Prefectures of Japan of Japan located on Kyushu island. The capital is the city of Kagoshima, Kagoshima....
      , Japan
      Japan

      Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....
      )
    • Krakatoa
      Krakatoa

      Krakatoa , also spelled Krakatao, is a Island#Oceanic islands in the Sunda Strait between the islands of Java and Sumatra in Indonesia. The name is used for the island group, the main island , and the volcano as a whole....
      , Indonesia
      Indonesia

      The Republic of Indonesia , is a transcontinental country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Comprising Islands of Indonesia, it is the world's largest Archipelago state....
    • Mount Pinatubo
      Mount Pinatubo

      Mount Pinatubo is an active stratovolcano located on the island of Luzon, at the intersection of the borders of the Philippine provinces of Zambales, Tarlac, and Pampanga....
       (Luzon
      Luzon

      Luzon is the largest and most economically and politically important island in the Philippines and one of the three island groups in the country, with Visayas and Mindanao being the other two....
      , Philippines
      Philippines

      The Philippines, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines, is a country in Southeast Asia with Manila as its capital city. It comprises 7,107 islands in the western Pacific Ocean....
      )
    • Taal Volcano
      Taal Volcano

      Taal Volcano is a stratovolcano on the island of Luzon in the Philippines. It is situated between the towns of Talisay, Batangas and San Nicolas, Batangas in Batangas province....
       (Luzon
      Luzon

      Luzon is the largest and most economically and politically important island in the Philippines and one of the three island groups in the country, with Visayas and Mindanao being the other two....
      , Philippines
      Philippines

      The Philippines, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines, is a country in Southeast Asia with Manila as its capital city. It comprises 7,107 islands in the western Pacific Ocean....
      )
    • Lake Toba
      Lake Toba

      Lake Toba is a lake and supervolcano, 100 kilometres long and 30 kilometres wide, and 505 metres at its deepest point. Located in the middle of the northern part of the Indonesian island of Sumatra with a surface elevation of about 900 m , the lake stretches from to ....
       (Sumatra
      Sumatra

      Sumatra is an island in western Indonesia, westernmost of the Sunda Islands. It is the largest island entirely in Indonesia , and the list of islands by area in the world ....
      , Indonesia
      Indonesia

      The Republic of Indonesia , is a transcontinental country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Comprising Islands of Indonesia, it is the world's largest Archipelago state....
      )
    • Mount Tambora
      Mount Tambora

      Mount Tambora is an active stratovolcano, also known as a composite volcano, on Sumbawa island, Indonesia. Sumbawa is flanked both to the north and south by oceanic crust, and Tambora was formed by the active subduction zones beneath it....
       (Sumbawa
      Sumbawa

      Sumbawa is an Indonesian island, located in the middle of the Lesser Sunda Islands chain, with Lombok to the west, Flores to the east, and Sumba further to the southeast....
      , Indonesia
      Indonesia

      The Republic of Indonesia , is a transcontinental country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Comprising Islands of Indonesia, it is the world's largest Archipelago state....
      )
    • Tao-Rusyr Caldera
      Tao-Rusyr Caldera

      Tao-Rusyr Caldera is a stratovolcano located at the southern end of Onekotan Island, Kuril Islands, Russia. It has 7.5 km wide caldera formed during a catastrophic eruption less than 10,000 years ago ....
       (Onekotan
      Onekotan

      Onekotan Island , also known as Onekotan To, is an island located near the northern end of the Kurils . Onekotan is a volcanic island, part of the "Pacific Ring of Fire" that encircles the Pacific Ocean....
      , Russia
      Russia

      Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
      )
    • Towada
      Lake Towada

      is the largest caldera lake in the island of Honshu, Japan. Located in Aomori Prefecture and Akita Prefecture prefectures, it lies 400 meters above sea level, and is drained by the Oirase river....
       (Aomori Prefecture
      Aomori Prefecture

      is a Prefectures of Japan of Japan located in the Tohoku Region. The capital is the city of Aomori, Aomori....
      , Japan
      Japan

      Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....
      )
    • Tazawa
      Lake Tazawa

      is a caldera lake in Akita Prefecture, northern Japan. It is the deepest lake in Japan . Because of its depth, it never freezes.Formerly the lake was noted for having very clear water which could be compared to Lake Mashu in Hokkaido....
       (Akita Prefecture
      Akita Prefecture

      is a Prefectures of Japan of Japan located in the Tohoku Region of northern Honshu, the main island of Japan. The capital is the city of Akita, Akita....
      , Japan
      Japan

      Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....
      )
    • Ashi
      Lake Ashi

      , or Hakone Lake, Ashinoko Lake, is a scenic lake in the Hakone area of Kanagawa Prefecture in Honshu, Japan. It is a crater lake that lies along the southwest wall of the caldera of Mount Hakone, a complex volcano....
       (Kanagawa Prefecture
      Kanagawa Prefecture

      is a prefectures of Japan located in the southern Kanto region of Honshu, Japan. The capital is Yokohama. Kanagawa is part of the Greater Tokyo Area....
      , Japan
      Japan

      Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....
      )
Crater Lake From Rim Usgs
*Americas
    • USA
      • Mount Aniakchak
        Mount Aniakchak

        Mount Aniakchak is a 3,400 year old volcanic caldera located in the Aleutian Range of Alaska, United States of America. The area around the volcano is the Aniakchak National Monument and Preserve, maintained by the National Park Service....
         (Alaska
        Alaska

        Alaska is the largest U.S. state of the United States by area; it is situated in the northwest extremity of the North American continent, with Canada to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the west and south, with Russia further west across the Bering Strait....
        , US)
      • Crater Lake
        Crater Lake

        Crater Lake is a caldera lake located in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is the main feature of Crater Lake National Park and famous for its deep blue color and water clarity....
         on Mount Mazama
        Mount Mazama

        Mount Mazama is a destroyed stratovolcano in the Oregon part of the Cascade Volcanoes and the Cascade Range. The volcano's collapsed caldera holds Crater Lake, and the entire mountain is located within Crater Lake National Park....
         (Crater Lake National Park
        Crater Lake National Park

        Crater Lake National Park is a United States National Park located in Southern Oregon whose primary feature is Crater Lake. It was established on May 22,1902, as the sixth National Park in the United States...
        , Oregon
        Oregon

        Oregon is a U.S. state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The area was inhabited by many indigenous tribes before the arrival of traders, explorers and settlers....
        , US
        United States

        The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
        )
      • Mount Katmai
        Mount Katmai

        Mount Katmai is a large stratovolcano on the Alaska Peninsula in southern Alaska, located within Katmai National Park and Preserve. It is about in diameter with a central lake-filled caldera about 3 by 2 mi in area, formed during the Novarupta eruption of 1912....
         (Alaska
        Alaska

        Alaska is the largest U.S. state of the United States by area; it is situated in the northwest extremity of the North American continent, with Canada to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the west and south, with Russia further west across the Bering Strait....
        , US
        United States

        The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
        )
      • La Garita Caldera
        La Garita Caldera

        La Garita Caldera is a large volcano caldera located in the San Juan volcanic field in the San Juan Mountains in southwestern Colorado, United States, to the west of the town of La Garita, Colorado....
         (Colorado
        Colorado

        The State of Colorado is a U.S. state located in the Mountain States of the United States of America. Colorado may also be considered to be a part of the Western United States and Southwestern United States regions of the United States....
        , US
        United States

        The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
        )
      • Long Valley
        Long Valley Caldera

        For the town in New Jersey, see Long Valley, New JerseyLong Valley Caldera is a depression in eastern California that is adjacent to Mammoth Mountain....
         (California
        California

        California is a U.S. state on the West Coast of the United States of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. It is bordered by Oregon to the north, Nevada to the east, Arizona to the southeast, and to the south the Mexico state of Baja California....
        , US
        United States

        The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
        )
      • Henry's Fork Caldera
        Henry's Fork Caldera

        The Henry's Fork Caldera is a caldera located an area known as Island Park that is in Idaho and west Yellowstone Park. It was one of the world's supervolcanos and is the source of the Mesa Falls Tuff....
         (Idaho
        Idaho

        The State of Idaho is a U.S. state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States of America. The state's largest city and Capital is Boise, Idaho....
        , US
        United States

        The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
        )
      • Island Park Caldera
        Island Park Caldera

        What is commonly called the Island Park Caldera is actually two calderas, one nested inside the other. The older and much larger caldera is the Island Park Caldera with approximate dimensions of 58 miles by 40 miles ....
         (Idaho
        Idaho

        The State of Idaho is a U.S. state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States of America. The state's largest city and Capital is Boise, Idaho....
        , Wyoming
        Wyoming

        The State of Wyoming is a sparsely populated U.S. state in the Northwestern United States of the United States. The majority of the state is dominated by the mountain ranges and rangelands of the Rocky Mountains, while the easternmost section of the state is a high altitude prairie region known as the High Plains ....
        , US
        United States

        The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
        )
      • Newberry Volcano
        Newberry Volcano

        Newberry Volcano is a large shield volcano located east of the Cascade Range and about southeast of Bend, Oregon. It is not a typical shield volcano....
         (Oregon
        Oregon

        Oregon is a U.S. state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The area was inhabited by many indigenous tribes before the arrival of traders, explorers and settlers....
        , US
        United States

        The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
        )
      • Mount Okmok
        Mount Okmok

        Mount Okmok is the highest point on the rim of Okmok Caldera on the northeastern part of Umnak in the eastern Aleutian Islands of Alaska, USA....
         (Alaska
        Alaska

        Alaska is the largest U.S. state of the United States by area; it is situated in the northwest extremity of the North American continent, with Canada to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the west and south, with Russia further west across the Bering Strait....
        , US
        United States

        The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
        )
      • Valles Caldera (New Mexico
        New Mexico

        New Mexico is a U. S. State located in the Southwestern United States of the United States. Inhabited by Native Americans in the United States populations for many centuries, it has also has been part of the Spanish Empire viceroyalty of New Spain, part of Mexico, and a U.S....
        , US
        United States

        The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
        )
      • Yellowstone Caldera
        Yellowstone Caldera

        The Yellowstone Caldera is the volcano caldera in Yellowstone National Park in the United States. The caldera is located in the northwest corner of Wyoming, in which the vast majority of the park is contained....
         (Wyoming
        Wyoming

        The State of Wyoming is a sparsely populated U.S. state in the Northwestern United States of the United States. The majority of the state is dominated by the mountain ranges and rangelands of the Rocky Mountains, while the easternmost section of the state is a high altitude prairie region known as the High Plains ....
        , US
        United States

        The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
        )
    • Canada
      Canada

      Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean....
      • Silverthrone Caldera
        Silverthrone Caldera

        The Silverthrone Caldera is a potentially active caldera complex in southwestern British Columbia, Canada, located over northwest of the city of Vancouver and about west of Mount Waddington in the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains....
         (British Columbia
        British Columbia

        British Columbia is the westernmost of Canada's Provinces and territories of Canada and is famed for its natural beauty, as reflected in its Latin motto, Splendor sine occasu ....
        , Canada
        Canada

        Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean....
        )
      • Mount Edziza
        Mount Edziza

        Mount Edziza is a stratovolcano in the Stikine Country of northwestern British Columbia, Canada. The volcano and the surrounding area are protected within Mount Edziza Provincial Park and Recreation Area....
         (British Columbia
        British Columbia

        British Columbia is the westernmost of Canada's Provinces and territories of Canada and is famed for its natural beauty, as reflected in its Latin motto, Splendor sine occasu ....
        , Canada
        Canada

        Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean....
        )
      • Bennett Lake Volcanic Complex
        Bennett Lake Volcanic Complex

        The Bennett Lake Volcanic Complex is a huge 50 million year old Extinct volcano caldera complex that spans across the British Columbia-Yukon border in Canada....
         (British Columbia
        British Columbia

        British Columbia is the westernmost of Canada's Provinces and territories of Canada and is famed for its natural beauty, as reflected in its Latin motto, Splendor sine occasu ....
        /Yukon
        Yukon

        Yukon is the westernmost and smallest of Canada three Territories of Canada. It was named after the Yukon River, Yukon meaning "Great River" in Gwich?in language....
        , Canada
        Canada

        Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean....
        )
      • Mount Pleasant Caldera
        Mount Pleasant Caldera

        The Mount Pleasant Caldera is a large 17 x 12 km wide eroded Late Devonian caldera complex, located in the northern Appalachian Mountains of southwestern New Brunswick, Canada....
         (New Brunswick
        New Brunswick

        New Brunswick is one of Canada's three Maritime provinces and is the only Constitution of Canada bilingual province in the federation. The provincial capital is Fredericton....
        , Canada
        Canada

        Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean....
        )
      • Sturgeon Lake Caldera
        Sturgeon Lake Caldera

        Sturgeon Lake Caldera is a large extinct volcano caldera complex in Kenora District, Ontario of Northwestern Ontario, Canada. It is one the world's best preserved mineralization Neoarchean caldera complexes, containing well-preserved mafic-intermediate pillow lavas, pillow breccias, hyaloclastite and peperites, submarine lava domes and dome-...
         (Ontario
        Ontario

        Ontario is a Provinces and territories of Canada located in the Central Canada part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest, after Quebec, in total area....
        , Canada
        Canada

        Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean....
        )
      • Mount Skukum Volcanic Complex
        Mount Skukum Volcanic Complex

        The Mount Skukum Volcanic Complex is an early Eocene caldera complex, located 43 km west of Carcross, Yukon and 32 km northeast of Mount Porsild in the Yukon, Canada....
         (Yukon
        Yukon

        Yukon is the westernmost and smallest of Canada three Territories of Canada. It was named after the Yukon River, Yukon meaning "Great River" in Gwich?in language....
        , Canada
        Canada

        Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean....
        )
      • Blake River Megacaldera Complex
        Blake River Megacaldera Complex

        The Blake River Megacaldera Complex, also called the Blake River Group, is a giant subaqueous caldera cluster or a nested caldera system that spans across the Ontario-Quebec border in Canada....
         (Quebec
        Quebec

        Quebec , in French language, Qu?bec , is a Provinces and territories of Canada in the Central Canada and Eastern Canada regions of Canada....
        /Ontario
        Ontario

        Ontario is a Provinces and territories of Canada located in the Central Canada part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest, after Quebec, in total area....
        , Canada
        Canada

        Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean....
        )
        • New Senator Caldera
          New Senator Caldera

          The New Senator Caldera is a large striking Archean caldera complex within the heart of the Blake River Megacaldera Complex, Quebec, Canada. It has a diameter of 15-30 kilometers and is made of thick massive mafic sequences....
           (Quebec
          Quebec

          Quebec , in French language, Qu?bec , is a Provinces and territories of Canada in the Central Canada and Eastern Canada regions of Canada....
          , Canada
          Canada

          Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean....
          )
        • Misema Caldera
          Misema Caldera

          The Misema Caldera is a striking 2,704-2,707 million year old caldera in Ontario and Quebec, Canada....
           (Ontario
          Ontario

          Ontario is a Provinces and territories of Canada located in the Central Canada part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest, after Quebec, in total area....
          /Quebec
          Quebec

          Quebec , in French language, Qu?bec , is a Provinces and territories of Canada in the Central Canada and Eastern Canada regions of Canada....
          , Canada
          Canada

          Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean....
          )
        • Noranda Caldera
          Noranda Caldera

          The Noranda Caldera is a well-known large subaqueous Archean caldera complex within the Blake River Megacaldera Complex, Quebec, Canada. The caldera contains a 7-to-9-km-thick succession of bimodal mafic-felsic tholeiitic basalt to calc-alkaline volcanic rocks which were erupted during five major series of volcanic activity....
           (Quebec
          Quebec

          Quebec , in French language, Qu?bec , is a Provinces and territories of Canada in the Central Canada and Eastern Canada regions of Canada....
          , Canada
          Canada

          Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean....
          )
    • Chile
      Chile

      Chile, officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow coastal strip wedged between the Andes mountains and the Pacific Ocean....
      • Chaitén
        Chaitén (volcano)

        Chait?n is a volcanic caldera in diameter, west of the elongated, ice-capped Michinmahuida volcano, and northeast of Chait?n town in the Gulf of Corcovado, in southern Chile....
        , Chile
        Chile

        Chile, officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow coastal strip wedged between the Andes mountains and the Pacific Ocean....
      • Laguna del Maule
        Laguna del Maule (volcano)

        Laguna del Maule Volcanic Complex is a caldera measuring 15 km by 25 km over which sit several small stratovolcanoes, lava domes, and pyroclastic cones....
        , Chile
        Chile

        Chile, officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow coastal strip wedged between the Andes mountains and the Pacific Ocean....
      • Sollipulli
        Sollipulli

        Sollipulli is an ice-filled caldera volcano located northeast of Caburgua Lake and southeast of Llaima volcano, in the Araucan?a Region, Chile. The caldera is 4 km in average diameter and reaches a maximum ice thickness of 650 m....
        , Chile
        Chile

        Chile, officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow coastal strip wedged between the Andes mountains and the Pacific Ocean....
    • Ecuador
      Ecuador

      Ecuador , officially the , literally, "Republic of the equator") is a representative democratic republic in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, by Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west....
      • Pululahua Geobotanical Reserve
        Pululahua Geobotanical Reserve

        Reserva Geobot?nica Pululahua is a protected area around Pululuhua Volcano in the north of Quito Canton, Pichincha Province, Ecuador. It is 17 km north of Quito....
      • Cuicocha
        Cuicocha

        Cuicocha is a wide caldera and crater lake at the foot of Cotacachi Volcano in the Cordillera Occidental of the Ecuadorian Andes. Its name comes from the Kichwa Indigenous language and signifies: "Lago del Cuye" or Guinea Pig Laguna in English....
    • El Salvador
      El Salvador

      El Salvador is the smallest country in the Americas and Central America by size, and the most densely populated nation in Central America. It borders on the Pacific Ocean between Guatemala and Honduras....
      • Lake Ilopango
        Lake Ilopango

        Lake Ilopango is a crater lake which fills a scenic 8 x 11 km volcanic caldera in central El Salvador. It is the largest lake in the country and is located immediately east of the capital city, San Salvador....
      • Lake Coatepeque
    • Other
      • Masaya
        Masaya Volcano

        Masaya is a Shield volcano located 20 km south of Managua, Nicaragua. It is Nicaragua's first and largest National Park, and one of 78 protected areas of Nicaragua....
        , Nicaragua
        Nicaragua

        Nicaragua officially the Republic of Nicaragua , is a representative democracy republic. It is the largest state in Central America with an area of 130,000 km2, about the size of the state of New York....
      • Lake Atitlan, Guatemala
        Guatemala

        Guatemala is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, Belize and the Caribbean to the northeast, and Honduras and El Salvador to the southeast....
      • Fernandina Island
        Fernandina Island

        Fernandina Island is the third largest, and youngest, island of the Gal?pagos Islands. The island is an active shield volcano that last erupted on May 13, 2005....
        , Galapagos Islands
        Galápagos Islands

        Gal?pagos Islands are an archipelago of Island#Volcanic islands distributed around the equator in the Pacific Ocean, 972 km west of continental Ecuador....
        , Ecuador
        Ecuador

        Ecuador , officially the , literally, "Republic of the equator") is a representative democratic republic in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, by Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west....
      • Galán
        Galan

        Galan may refer to:* Giancarlo Galan, an Italian politician and Governor of the Veneto region* Galactus, a cosmic entity in Marvel Comics whose name was once Galan...
        , Argentina
        Argentina

        Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic , is a country in South America, constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city....


  • Europe
    • Santorini
      Santorini

      Santorini is a small, circular archipelago of volcano islands located in the southern Aegean Sea, about 200 km southeast from Greece's mainland....
       (Greece
      Greece

      Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , is a country in southeastern Europe, situated on the southern end of the Balkans. It has borders with Albania, Bulgaria and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia to the north, and Turkey to the east....
      )
    • Askja
      Askja

      Askja is a stratovolcano situated in a remote part of the Highlands of Iceland of Iceland. The name Askja refers to a complex of nested calderas within the surrounding Dyngjufj?ll mountains, which rise to ....
       (Iceland
      Iceland

      Iceland, officially the Republic of Iceland , is an island country located in the North Atlantic Ocean between mainland Europe and Greenland....
      )
    • Campi Flegrei
      Campi Flegrei

      Campi Flegrei, also known as the Phlegraean Fields , is a large wide caldera situated to the west of Naples, Italy declared regional park in 2003....
       (Italy
      Italy

      Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
      )
    • Lake Bracciano
      Lake Bracciano

      Lake Bracciano is a lake of volcanic origin in the Italian region of Lazio, northwest of Rome. With a surface of 56.76 km? it is the second largest lake in the region and one of the major lakes of Italy....
       (Italy
      Italy

      Italy , officially the Italian Republic , is a country located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia....
      )
    • Las Cañadas on Teide
      Teide

      Mount Teide or, in Spanish language, El Teide, is an active though dormant volcano which last erupted in 1909 from the El Chinyero vent on the Santiago rift and is located on Tenerife, Canary Islands....
       (Spain
      Spain

      Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....
      )
    • Ardnamurchan
      Ardnamurchan

      Ardnamurchan is a 50 square mile peninsula in Lochaber, Highland , Scotland, noted for being very unspoilt and undisturbed. It contains an abundance of wildlife....
       (Scotland
      Scotland

      conventional_long_name = ScotlandAlba|common_name= Scotland|image_flag = Flag of Scotland.svg|flag_width = 130px...
      )
Lake Taupo Landsat
*Oceania
    • Lake Taupo
      Lake Taupo

      Lake Taupo is a lake situated in the North Island of New Zealand. It has a perimeter of approximately 193 kilometres, a deepest point of 186 metres and a surface area of 616 square kilometres....
       (New Zealand
      New Zealand

      New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses , and numerous Islands of New Zealand, most notably Stewart Island/Rakiura and the Chatham Islands....
      )
    • Kilauea
      Kilauea

      Kilauea is an active volcano in the Hawaiian Islands, one of five shield volcanoes that together form the Hawaii . In Hawaiian language, the word kilauea means "spewing" or "much spreading", in reference to the mountain's frequent outpouring of lava....
       (Hawaii
      Hawaii

      File:Pahoehoe and Aa flows at Hawaii.jpgThe State of Hawaii is a U.S. state in the United States, located on an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of Australia....
      , US)
    • Moku‘aweoweo Caldera on Mauna Loa
      Mauna Loa

      Mauna Loa is the largest volcano on earth and one of five volcanoes that form the Hawaii in the U.S. state of Hawaii in the North Pacific Ocean....
       (Hawaii
      Hawaii

      File:Pahoehoe and Aa flows at Hawaii.jpgThe State of Hawaii is a U.S. state in the United States, located on an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of Australia....
      , US)
    • Rano Kau
      Rano Kau

      Rano Kau is a tall extinct volcano that forms the southwestern headland of Easter Island, a Chilean island in the Pacific Ocean; it was formed of basaltic lava flows in the Pleistocene with its youngest rocks dated at between 150,000 and 210,000 years ago....
       (Easter Island
      Easter Island

      Easter Island is a Polynesian island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeastern most point of the Polynesian triangle. The island is a special territory of Chile....
      , Chile
      Chile

      Chile, officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow coastal strip wedged between the Andes mountains and the Pacific Ocean....
      )
  • Antarctica
    • Deception Island
  • Indian Ocean
    • Cirque de Mafate
      Cirque de Mafate

      The Cirque de Mafate is a caldera on R?union Island . It was formed from the collapse of the large shield volcano the Piton des Neiges....
      , Cirque de Salazie, and Cirque de Cilaos on Réunion
      Reunion

      Reunion may refer to:...


  • Mars
    • Olympus Mons
      Olympus Mons

      Olympus Mons is the tallest known volcano and mountain in the Solar System. It is located on the planet Mars at approximately 18?N 133?W / 18, -133....
       Caldera
  • Venus
    • Maat Mons
      Maat Mons

      Maat Mons is the highest volcano on the planet Venus. The volcano is above the mean planetary radius and is found at 0.9? N 194.5?E. It is named after the Egyptian goddess of truth and justice, Ma'at....
       Caldera


Erosion calderas

  • Americas
    • Mount Tehama
      Mount Tehama

      Mount Tehama is an eroded andesite stratovolcano located in the Shasta Cascade part of the Cascade Volcanoes and the Cascade Range in Northern California....
       (California
      California

      California is a U.S. state on the West Coast of the United States of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. It is bordered by Oregon to the north, Nevada to the east, Arizona to the southeast, and to the south the Mexico state of Baja California....
      , US
      United States

      The United States of America is a Federal government constitutional republic comprising U.S. state and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its Contiguous United States and Washington, D.C., the Capital districts and territories, lie between the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Oceans, Borders of the U...
      )
  • Europe
    • Caldera de Taburiente
      Parque Nacional de la Caldera de Taburiente

      Parque Nacional de la Caldera de Taburiente is a national park on the island of La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain, located at . It contains the enormous expanse of the Caldera de Taburiente, once believed to be a huge crater, but nowadays known to be a mountain arch with a curious crater shape, which dominates the northern part of the...
       (Spain
      Spain

      Spain or the Kingdom of Spain , is a country located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.The Spanish constitution does not establish any official denomination of the country, even though Espa?a , Estado espa?ol and Naci?n espa?ola are used interchangeably....
      )
  • Oceania
    • Mount Warning
      Mount Warning

      Mount Warning is a mountain close to Murwillumbah, New South Wales, near the border with Queensland on the North Coast of New South Wales, Australia....
       (Australia
      Australia

      Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the southern hemisphere comprising the Australia of the world's smallest continent, the major island of Tasmania, and numerous list of islands of Australia in the Indian Ocean and Pacific Oceans....
      )


See also

  • Supervolcano
    Supervolcano

    A supervolcano or super volcanic eruption is a volcanic eruption which is substantially larger than any volcano in historic times . Supervolcanoes occur when magma in the Earth rises into the Crust from a Hotspot but is unable to break through the crust....
  • Volcanic Explosivity Index
    Volcanic Explosivity Index

    The Volcanic Explosivity Index was devised by Christopher G. Newhall of the U.S. Geological Survey and Stephen Self at the University of Hawaii at Manoa in 1982 to provide a relative measure of the explosiveness of volcano eruptions....
  • Somma volcano
    Somma volcano

    A somma volcano is a volcano caldera that has been partially filled by a new central volcanic cone. The name comes from Mount Somma , a stratovolcano in southern Italy with a summit caldera in which the cone of Mount Vesuvius has grown....
  • Complex volcano
    Complex volcano

    A complex volcano, also called a compound volcano, is a volcano with more than one feature . They form because changes of their eruptive characteristics or the location of multiple vents in an area....


External links

  • (43 pages)