Cadore
Encyclopedia
Cadore is a "comunità montana" (mountain community) in the Italian
region of Veneto
, in the northernmost part of the province of Belluno
bordering on Austria
, the Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol and Friuli-Venezia Giulia
. It is watered by the Piave River
poured forth from the Carnic Alps
. Once a barren and poor district, the former contado (countship) of Cadore now has a thriving economy based on tourism
to the Dolomites mountains
and small manufacturing industry
, specialized in the production of glasses
.
and then by the Gauls
, the area now known as Cadore was conquered by the Romans
during the second century BC, and became part of the Regio X Venetia et Histria
.
In Late Antiquity
, Cadore was occupied by many invading Germanic populations
, was joined to the Duchy of Carinthia
and finally, in 1077, to the Patriarchate of Aquileia
. From 1135 to 1335, Cadore was ruled by the da Camino family, styled counts of Cadore, who later became Signori of Treviso
. Then it was briefly annexed to Tyrol
and again to the domains of the Patriarchs of Aquileia. However, the comuni
of Cadore always enjoyed a certain degrees of self-government.
When the dogal Republic of Venice
conquered the neighbouring Friuli
region in 1420 and put an end to the temporal power
of the Patriarchs, Cadore, having to choose between Venetian and Imperial
allegiance, declared for the former; it became one of many parts of the Terra ferma, admininistered by a local podestà
.
The conflict between Venice and the Empire broke out again at the beginning of the 16th century, during the War of the League of Cambrai
; the Venetians and Cadorines defeated Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
in 1508 at the Battle of Valle di Cadore, and again in 1509. Then, in 1511, Maximilian conquered the town of Cortina d'Ampezzo
, which was once and for all assigned to the Empire in 1516. Cortina, formerly considered part of Cadore, has ever since developed a distinct identity.
Cadore remained part of the Venetian Republic until the Napoleonic War. A famous Venetian incumbent of the local post of Commisario del Cadore ('Commissioner'; in 1589) was Paolo Paruta
. Napoleon I Bonaparte created it a duché grand-fief, a rare, hereditary but nominal honor of ducal rank (extinguished in 1893), for his minister and admiral Jean-Baptiste Nompère de Champagny
.
Being a part of the Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia, Cadore was ruled by Austria
until 1866, when it was conquered by the newly formed Kingdom of Italy
with the Third War of Independence. During the First World War, Cadore was on the Alpine Front and was the scene of many battles.
The celebrated Renaissance
painter Titian
was born in Cadore in 1477, one of a family of four born to Gregorio Vecelli, a distinguished councillor and soldier descended from the counts, and his wife Lucia. The painter's birthplace in Pieve di Cadore
, in a locality named Arsenale between the castle and the village Sotto Castello, is open to visitors.
, Sappada
, Central Cadore and Boite Valley. The Cadore mountain community includes 22 comuni
:
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
region of Veneto
Veneto
Veneto is one of the 20 regions of Italy. Its population is about 5 million, ranking 5th in Italy.Veneto had been for more than a millennium an independent state, the Republic of Venice, until it was eventually annexed by Italy in 1866 after brief Austrian and French rule...
, in the northernmost part of the province of Belluno
Province of Belluno
TheThe Province of Belluno is a province in the Veneto region of Italy. Its capital is the city of Belluno.It has an area of 3,678 km², and a total population of 214,026 .-Geography:...
bordering on Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
, the Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol and Friuli-Venezia Giulia
Friuli-Venezia Giulia
Friuli–Venezia Giulia is one of the twenty regions of Italy, and one of five autonomous regions with special statute. The capital is Trieste. It has an area of 7,858 km² and about 1.2 million inhabitants. A natural opening to the sea for many Central European countries, the region is...
. It is watered by the Piave River
Piave River
Piave is a river in north Italy. It begins in the Alps and flows southeast for into the Adriatic Sea near the city of Venice....
poured forth from the Carnic Alps
Carnic Alps
The Carnic Alps are a range of the Southern Limestone Alps in East Tyrol, Carinthia, South Tyrol and Friuli . They extend from east to west for about between the Gail River, a tributary of the Drava and the Tagliamento, forming the border between Austria and Italy.They are named after the Roman...
. Once a barren and poor district, the former contado (countship) of Cadore now has a thriving economy based on tourism
Tourism
Tourism is travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes. The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people "traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes".Tourism has become a...
to the Dolomites mountains
Dolomites
The Dolomites are a mountain range located in north-eastern Italy. It is a part of Southern Limestone Alps and extends from the River Adige in the west to the Piave Valley in the east. The northern and southern borders are defined by the Puster Valley and the Sugana Valley...
and small manufacturing industry
Manufacturing
Manufacturing is the use of machines, tools and labor to produce goods for use or sale. The term may refer to a range of human activity, from handicraft to high tech, but is most commonly applied to industrial production, in which raw materials are transformed into finished goods on a large scale...
, specialized in the production of glasses
Glasses
Glasses, also known as eyeglasses , spectacles or simply specs , are frames bearing lenses worn in front of the eyes. They are normally used for vision correction or eye protection. Safety glasses are a kind of eye protection against flying debris or against visible and near visible light or...
.
History
Originally populated by EuganeiEuganei
The Euganei is a semi-mythical proto-Italic ethnic group that dwelt an area among Adriatic Sea and Rhaetian Alps...
and then by the Gauls
Gauls
The Gauls were a Celtic people living in Gaul, the region roughly corresponding to what is now France, Belgium, Switzerland and Northern Italy, from the Iron Age through the Roman period. They mostly spoke the Continental Celtic language called Gaulish....
, the area now known as Cadore was conquered by the Romans
Roman Republic
The Roman Republic was the period of the ancient Roman civilization where the government operated as a republic. It began with the overthrow of the Roman monarchy, traditionally dated around 508 BC, and its replacement by a government headed by two consuls, elected annually by the citizens and...
during the second century BC, and became part of the Regio X Venetia et Histria
Italia (Roman province)
Italia was the name of the Italian peninsula of the Roman Empire.-Under the Republic and Augustan organization:During the Republic and the first centuries of the empire, Italia was not a province, but rather the territory of the city of Rome, thus having a special status: for example, military...
.
In Late Antiquity
Late Antiquity
Late Antiquity is a periodization used by historians to describe the time of transition from Classical Antiquity to the Middle Ages, in both mainland Europe and the Mediterranean world. Precise boundaries for the period are a matter of debate, but noted historian of the period Peter Brown proposed...
, Cadore was occupied by many invading Germanic populations
Decline of the Roman Empire
The decline of the Roman Empire refers to the gradual societal collapse of the Western Roman Empire. Many theories of causality prevail, but most concern the disintegration of political, economic, military, and other social institutions, in tandem with foreign invasions and usurpers from within the...
, was joined to the Duchy of Carinthia
Duchy of Carinthia
The Duchy of Carinthia was a duchy located in southern Austria and parts of northern Slovenia. It was separated from the Duchy of Bavaria in 976, then the first newly created Imperial State beside the original German stem duchies....
and finally, in 1077, to the Patriarchate of Aquileia
Patriarchate of Aquileia (State)
The Patriarchate of Aquileia was an Imperial State in the Friulian region of Northeastern Italy under the control of the Patriarchs of Aquileia.- Foundation :...
. From 1135 to 1335, Cadore was ruled by the da Camino family, styled counts of Cadore, who later became Signori of Treviso
Treviso
Treviso is a city and comune in Veneto, northern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Treviso and the municipality has 82,854 inhabitants : some 3,000 live within the Venetian walls or in the historical and monumental center, some 80,000 live in the urban center proper, while the city...
. Then it was briefly annexed to Tyrol
County of Tyrol
The County of Tyrol, Princely County from 1504, was a State of the Holy Roman Empire, from 1814 a province of the Austrian Empire and from 1867 a Cisleithanian crown land of Austria-Hungary...
and again to the domains of the Patriarchs of Aquileia. However, the comuni
Comune
In Italy, the comune is the basic administrative division, and may be properly approximated in casual speech by the English word township or municipality.-Importance and function:...
of Cadore always enjoyed a certain degrees of self-government.
When the dogal Republic of Venice
Republic of Venice
The Republic of Venice or Venetian Republic was a state originating from the city of Venice in Northeastern Italy. It existed for over a millennium, from the late 7th century until 1797. It was formally known as the Most Serene Republic of Venice and is often referred to as La Serenissima, in...
conquered the neighbouring Friuli
Friuli
Friuli is an area of northeastern Italy with its own particular cultural and historical identity. It comprises the major part of the autonomous region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, i.e. the province of Udine, Pordenone, Gorizia, excluding Trieste...
region in 1420 and put an end to the temporal power
State (polity)
A state is an organized political community, living under a government. States may be sovereign and may enjoy a monopoly on the legal initiation of force and are not dependent on, or subject to any other power or state. Many states are federated states which participate in a federal union...
of the Patriarchs, Cadore, having to choose between Venetian and Imperial
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire was a realm that existed from 962 to 1806 in Central Europe.It was ruled by the Holy Roman Emperor. Its character changed during the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, when the power of the emperor gradually weakened in favour of the princes...
allegiance, declared for the former; it became one of many parts of the Terra ferma, admininistered by a local podestà
Podestà
Podestà is the name given to certain high officials in many Italian cities, since the later Middle Ages, mainly as Chief magistrate of a city state , but also as a local administrator, the representative of the Emperor.The term derives from the Latin word potestas, meaning power...
.
The conflict between Venice and the Empire broke out again at the beginning of the 16th century, during the War of the League of Cambrai
War of the League of Cambrai
The War of the League of Cambrai, sometimes known as the War of the Holy League and by several other names, was a major conflict in the Italian Wars...
; the Venetians and Cadorines defeated Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
Maximilian I , the son of Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor and Eleanor of Portugal, was King of the Romans from 1486 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1493 until his death, though he was never in fact crowned by the Pope, the journey to Rome always being too risky...
in 1508 at the Battle of Valle di Cadore, and again in 1509. Then, in 1511, Maximilian conquered the town of Cortina d'Ampezzo
Cortina d'Ampezzo
Cortina d'Ampezzo is a town and comune in the southern Alps located in Veneto, a region in Northern Italy. Located in the heart of the Dolomites in an alpine valley, it is a popular winter sport resort known for its ski-ranges, scenery, accommodations, shops and après-ski scene...
, which was once and for all assigned to the Empire in 1516. Cortina, formerly considered part of Cadore, has ever since developed a distinct identity.
Cadore remained part of the Venetian Republic until the Napoleonic War. A famous Venetian incumbent of the local post of Commisario del Cadore ('Commissioner'; in 1589) was Paolo Paruta
Paolo Paruta
-Biography:He was born at Venice of a Luccan family. After studying at Padua he served the Republic of Venice in various political capacities, including that of secretary to one of the Venetian delegates at the Council of Ten...
. Napoleon I Bonaparte created it a duché grand-fief, a rare, hereditary but nominal honor of ducal rank (extinguished in 1893), for his minister and admiral Jean-Baptiste Nompère de Champagny
Jean-Baptiste Nompère de Champagny
Jean-Baptiste de Nompère de Champagny, 1st Duc de Cadore was a French admiral and politician.He was born in Roanne, Loire. Entering the French royal navy in 1774, he fought through the war in America and resigned in 1787...
.
Being a part of the Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia, Cadore was ruled by Austria
Austrian Empire
The Austrian Empire was a modern era successor empire, which was centered on what is today's Austria and which officially lasted from 1804 to 1867. It was followed by the Empire of Austria-Hungary, whose proclamation was a diplomatic move that elevated Hungary's status within the Austrian Empire...
until 1866, when it was conquered by the newly formed Kingdom of Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
with the Third War of Independence. During the First World War, Cadore was on the Alpine Front and was the scene of many battles.
The celebrated Renaissance
Renaissance
The Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the Late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe. The term is also used more loosely to refer to the historical era, but since the changes of the Renaissance were not...
painter Titian
Titian
Tiziano Vecelli or Tiziano Vecellio Tiziano Vecelli or Tiziano Vecellio Tiziano Vecelli or Tiziano Vecellio (c. 1488/1490 – 27 August 1576 better known as Titian was an Italian painter, the most important member of the 16th-century Venetian school. He was born in Pieve di Cadore, near...
was born in Cadore in 1477, one of a family of four born to Gregorio Vecelli, a distinguished councillor and soldier descended from the counts, and his wife Lucia. The painter's birthplace in Pieve di Cadore
Pieve di Cadore
Pieve di Cadore is a comune in the province of Belluno in the Italian region Veneto, located about 110 km north of Venice and about 35 km northeast of Belluno.The painter Titian was born here, c. 1485...
, in a locality named Arsenale between the castle and the village Sotto Castello, is open to visitors.
Comuni of Cadore
Cadore is generally subdivided into ComelicoComelico
Comelico is a mountainous region of northeast Italy, close to the Austrian border.-Geography:Comelico covers an area of circa 280 km². Encircled by the Dolomites and the Carnic Alps, it is covered by wide forests and meadows. Comelico comprises two main valleys, the upper part of Piave river...
, Sappada
Sappada
Sappada is a comune in the Province of Belluno in the Italian region Veneto, located about 130 km north of Venice and about 60 km northeast of Belluno...
, Central Cadore and Boite Valley. The Cadore mountain community includes 22 comuni
Comune
In Italy, the comune is the basic administrative division, and may be properly approximated in casual speech by the English word township or municipality.-Importance and function:...
:
- Auronzo di CadoreAuronzo di CadoreAuronzo di Cadore is a comune in the Province of Belluno in the Italian region Veneto, located about 120 km north of Venice and about 50 km northeast of Belluno....
- Borca di CadoreBorca di CadoreBorca di Cadore is a comune in the Province of Belluno in the Italian region Veneto, located about 110 km north of Venice and about 35 km north of Belluno.-External Links:*...
- Calalzo di CadoreCalalzo di CadoreCalalzo di Cadore is a municipality of 2415 inhabitants of the province of Belluno, in the region of Veneto .Nearby is a Lake, called Lake Calalzo, which is 12 kilometres long.-Cycling path:...
- Cibiana di CadoreCibiana di CadoreCibiana di Cadore is a comune in the Province of Belluno in the Italian region Veneto, located about 110 km north of Venice and about 30 km north of Belluno...
- Comelico SuperioreComelico SuperioreComelico Superiore is a comune in the Province of Belluno in the Italian region Veneto, located about 130 km north of Venice and about 60 km northeast of Belluno, on the border with Austria...
- Danta di CadoreDanta di CadoreDanta di Cadore is a comune in the province of Belluno in the Italian region Veneto, located about 130 km north of Venice and about 50 km northeast of Belluno....
- Domegge di CadoreDomegge di CadoreDomegge di Cadore is a comune in the Province of Belluno in the Italian region Veneto, located about 120 km north of Venice and about 40 km northeast of Belluno.-External links:*...
- Lorenzago di CadoreLorenzago di CadoreLorenzago di Cadore is a comune in the Province of Belluno in the Italian region Veneto, located about 120 km north of Venice and about 45 km northeast of Belluno...
- Lozzo di CadoreLozzo di CadoreLozzo di Cadore is a comune in the Province of Belluno in the Italian region Veneto, located about 120 km north of Venice and about 45 km northeast of Belluno in the Cadore.-External links:*...
- Ospitale di CadoreOspitale di CadoreOspitale di Cadore is a comune in the Province of Belluno in the Italian region Veneto, located about 100 km north of Venice and about 25 km northeast of Belluno.-References:...
- Perarolo di CadorePerarolo di CadorePerarolo di Cadore is a comune in the Province of Belluno in the Italian region Veneto, located about 110 km north of Venice and about 30 km northeast of Belluno.-References:...
- Pieve di CadorePieve di CadorePieve di Cadore is a comune in the province of Belluno in the Italian region Veneto, located about 110 km north of Venice and about 35 km northeast of Belluno.The painter Titian was born here, c. 1485...
- San Nicolò di ComelicoSan Nicolò di ComelicoSan Nicolò di Comelico is a comune in the Province of Belluno in the Italian region Veneto, located about 130 km north of Venice....
- San Pietro di CadoreSan Pietro di CadoreSan Pietro di Cadore is a comune in the Province of Belluno in the Italian region Veneto, located about 130 km north of Venice and about 60 km northeast of Belluno, on the border with Austria....
- Santo Stefano di CadoreSanto Stefano di CadoreSanto Stefano di Cadore is a town in the province of Belluno, Veneto, north-eastern Italy....
- San Vito di CadoreSan Vito di CadoreSan Vito di Cadore is a small town and comune in the province of Belluno, Veneto, northern Italy. It is located 9 km from Cortina d'Ampezzo, in the Dolomites, and is next to Monte Antelao....
- SappadaSappadaSappada is a comune in the Province of Belluno in the Italian region Veneto, located about 130 km north of Venice and about 60 km northeast of Belluno...
- Selva di CadoreSelva di CadoreSelva di Cadore is a comune in the Province of Belluno in the Italian region Veneto, located about 120 km north of Venice and about 40 km northwest of Belluno...
- Valle di CadoreValle di CadoreValle di Cadore is a comune in the Province of Belluno in the Italian region Veneto, located about north of Venice and about northeast of Belluno.Valle is part of the Cadore Valley, not far from the Antelao peak...
- Vigo di CadoreVigo di CadoreVigo di Cadore is a comune in the Province of Belluno in the Italian region Veneto, located about 120 km north of Venice and about 45 km northeast of Belluno.-Main sights:...
- Vodo di CadoreVodo di CadoreVodo di Cadore is a comune in the Province of Belluno in the Italian region Veneto, located about 110 km north of Venice and about 30 km north of Belluno, in the mid-Boite valley, between the two Dolomites massifs of Antelao and Pelmo....
- Zoppè di CadoreZoppè di CadoreZoppè di Cadore is a comune in the Province of Belluno in the Italian region Veneto, located about 110 km north of Venice and about 30 km north of Belluno....