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The protein CD80 (Cluster of Differentiation 80) is a molecule found on activated B cell
B cell

B cells are lymphocytes that play a large role in the humoral immunity . The principal functions of B cells are to make antibody against antigens, perform the role of Antigen Presenting Cells and eventually develop into memory B cells after activation by antigen interaction....
s and monocyte
Monocyte

Monocyte is a type of leukocyte, part of the human body's immune system. Monocytes have two main functions in the immune system: replenish resident macrophages and dendritic cells under normal states, and in response to inflammation signals, monocytes can move quickly to sites of infection in the tissues and divide/differentiate into mac...
s which provides a costimulatory signal necessary for T cell
T cell

T cells belong to a group of white blood cells known as lymphocytes, and play a central role in cell-mediated immunity. They can be distinguished from other lymphocyte types, such as B cells and natural killer cells by the presence of a special receptor on their cell surface called T cell receptors ....
 activation and survival. It is also known as B7.1.

Its principal mode of action is by binding to CD28
CD28

CD28 is one of the molecules expressed on T cells that provide co-stimulation signals, which are required for T cell activation. CD28 is the receptor for B7.1 and B7.2 ....
. Along with CD86
CD86

The protein CD86 is a molecule expressed on antigen-presenting cells that provide costimulatory signals necessary for T cell activation and survival....
, these molecules provide the necessary stimuli to prime T cells against antigens presented by antigen-presenting cells.






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The protein CD80 (Cluster of Differentiation 80) is a molecule found on activated B cell
B cell

B cells are lymphocytes that play a large role in the humoral immunity . The principal functions of B cells are to make antibody against antigens, perform the role of Antigen Presenting Cells and eventually develop into memory B cells after activation by antigen interaction....
s and monocyte
Monocyte

Monocyte is a type of leukocyte, part of the human body's immune system. Monocytes have two main functions in the immune system: replenish resident macrophages and dendritic cells under normal states, and in response to inflammation signals, monocytes can move quickly to sites of infection in the tissues and divide/differentiate into mac...
s which provides a costimulatory signal necessary for T cell
T cell

T cells belong to a group of white blood cells known as lymphocytes, and play a central role in cell-mediated immunity. They can be distinguished from other lymphocyte types, such as B cells and natural killer cells by the presence of a special receptor on their cell surface called T cell receptors ....
 activation and survival. It is also known as B7.1.

Its principal mode of action is by binding to CD28
CD28

CD28 is one of the molecules expressed on T cells that provide co-stimulation signals, which are required for T cell activation. CD28 is the receptor for B7.1 and B7.2 ....
. Along with CD86
CD86

The protein CD86 is a molecule expressed on antigen-presenting cells that provide costimulatory signals necessary for T cell activation and survival....
, these molecules provide the necessary stimuli to prime T cells against antigens presented by antigen-presenting cells. CD80 and CD86 also bind to CTLA-4, a cell surface molecule expressed on activated T cells. Interactions between CD80 or CD86 with CTLA-4 decrease the response of T cells.

Mouse research by scientists at Emory University
Emory University

Emory University is a private university located in the metropolitan area of the city of Atlanta, Georgia in western unincorporated area DeKalb County, Georgia, Georgia , United States....
 showed that estrogen-related bone loss is linked to recently discovered pathways involving various proteins, such as CD80 and other functions. In a nutshell, reactive oxygen stimulates dendritic cells, which activate other immune cells to up-regulate production of CD80, the molecule co-responsible for T cell activation. "When this pathway is activated, it leads to increased T cell TNF production and ultimately to bone loss."

In turn, T cells produce a protein, Tumor Necrosis Factor
Tumor necrosis factor

Tumor necrosis factor is a cytokine involved in systemic inflammation and is a member of a group of cytokines that stimulate the acute phase reaction....
, which increases the formation of osteoclasts in rodents and humans. Osteoclasts cause minerals to be released from the bone, so that calcium is taken into the bloodstream to be used for other functions of the body. Osteoclast differentiation is inhibited by osteoprotegerin
Osteoprotegerin

Osteoprotegerin , also known as osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor , is a cytokine, which can inhibit the production of osteoclasts. It is a member of the Tumor necrosis factors receptor superfamily....
; Estrogen stimulates osteoprotegerin production.

See also

  • Cluster of differentiation
    Cluster of differentiation

    The cluster of differentiation is a protocol used for the identification and investigation of cell surface molecules present on leukocytes. CD molecules can act in numerous ways, often acting as receptor or ligand important to the cell....


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