Cluster of differentiation 14 also known as CD14 is a human gene
Gene
A gene is the basic unit of heredity in a living organism. All living things depend on genes. Genes hold the information to build and maintain their cell and pass genetic trait to offspring.... .
Proteins are organic compounds made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of adjacent amino acid Residue .... encoded by this gene is a component of the innate immune system
Innate immune system
The innate immune system comprises the cells and mechanisms that defend the host from infection by other organisms, in a non-specific manner. This means that the cells of the innate system recognize and respond to pathogens in a generic way, but unlike the adaptive immune system, it does not confer long-lasting or protective immunity to the h... . CD14 exists in two forms. It is either anchored into the membrane by a a glycosylphosphatidylinositol tail (mCD14) or it appears in a soluble form (sCD14). Soluble CD14 appears either after shedding of mCD14 (48 KDa
KDA
KDA may refer to:* Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace* Kotelawala Defence Academy* Kramer Design Associates* Lithium diisopropylamide, KDA is the potassium analogue of lithium diisopropylamide... ) or is directly secreted from intracellular vesicles (56 KDa).
The cluster of differentiation is a protocol used for the identification and investigation of cell surface molecules present on leukocytes. CD molecules can act in numerous ways, often acting as receptor or ligand important to the cell.... group of cell surface marker proteins.
Pattern recognition receptors, or PRRs, are proteins expressed by cells of the immune system to identify molecules associated with microbial pathogens or cellular stress.... .
Toll-like receptors are a class of proteins that play a key role in the innate immune system. They are single membrane-spanning non-catalytic Receptor that recognize structurally conserved molecules derived from microbes.... TLR 4
TLR 4
Toll-like receptor 4, also known as TLR4, is a human gene. TLR 4 is a toll-like receptor. It detects lipopolysaccharide on Gram-negative bacteria and is thus important in the activation of the innate immune system.... and MD-2) for the detection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide
Lipopolysaccharide
Lipopolysaccharides , also known as lipoglycans, are large molecules consisting of a lipid and a polysaccharide joined by a covalent bond; they are found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, act as endotoxins and elicit strong immune responses in animals.... (LPS).
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Cluster of differentiation 14 also known as CD14 is a human gene
Gene
A gene is the basic unit of heredity in a living organism. All living things depend on genes. Genes hold the information to build and maintain their cell and pass genetic trait to offspring.... .
Proteins are organic compounds made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of adjacent amino acid Residue .... encoded by this gene is a component of the innate immune system
Innate immune system
The innate immune system comprises the cells and mechanisms that defend the host from infection by other organisms, in a non-specific manner. This means that the cells of the innate system recognize and respond to pathogens in a generic way, but unlike the adaptive immune system, it does not confer long-lasting or protective immunity to the h... . CD14 exists in two forms. It is either anchored into the membrane by a a glycosylphosphatidylinositol tail (mCD14) or it appears in a soluble form (sCD14). Soluble CD14 appears either after shedding of mCD14 (48 KDa
KDA
KDA may refer to:* Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace* Kotelawala Defence Academy* Kramer Design Associates* Lithium diisopropylamide, KDA is the potassium analogue of lithium diisopropylamide... ) or is directly secreted from intracellular vesicles (56 KDa).
The cluster of differentiation is a protocol used for the identification and investigation of cell surface molecules present on leukocytes. CD molecules can act in numerous ways, often acting as receptor or ligand important to the cell.... group of cell surface marker proteins.
Pattern recognition receptors, or PRRs, are proteins expressed by cells of the immune system to identify molecules associated with microbial pathogens or cellular stress.... .
Toll-like receptors are a class of proteins that play a key role in the innate immune system. They are single membrane-spanning non-catalytic Receptor that recognize structurally conserved molecules derived from microbes.... TLR 4
TLR 4
Toll-like receptor 4, also known as TLR4, is a human gene. TLR 4 is a toll-like receptor. It detects lipopolysaccharide on Gram-negative bacteria and is thus important in the activation of the innate immune system.... and MD-2) for the detection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide
Lipopolysaccharide
Lipopolysaccharides , also known as lipoglycans, are large molecules consisting of a lipid and a polysaccharide joined by a covalent bond; they are found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, act as endotoxins and elicit strong immune responses in animals.... (LPS). CD14 can only bind LPS in the presence of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein
Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein
Lipopolysaccharide binding protein, also known as LBP, is a human gene.LBP is a soluble acute phase protein that binds to bacterial lipopolysaccharide to elicit immune responses by presenting the LPS to important cell surface pattern recognition receptors called CD14 and Toll-like receptor.... (LBP).
Although LPS is considered it's main ligand
Ligand
In chemistry, a ligand is either an atom, ion, or molecule that bonds to a central metal, generally involving formal donation of one or more of its electrons.... CD14 also recognizes other pathogen associated molecular patterns.
Tissue distribution
CD14 is expressed mainly by macrophages and (at 10 times lesser extent) by neutrophil granulocytes. A soluble form sCD14 is secreted by the liver
Liver
The liver is a vital organ present in vertebrates and some other animals; it has a wide range of functions, a few of which are detoxification, protein synthesis, and production of biochemicals necessary for digestion.... and monocyte
Monocyte
Monocyte is a type of leukocyte, part of the human body's immune system. Monocytes have two main functions in the immune system: replenish resident macrophages and dendritic cells under normal states, and in response to inflammation signals, monocytes can move quickly to sites of infection in the tissues and divide/differentiate into mac... s and is sufficient in low concentrations to confer LPS-responsiveness to cells which otherwise do not express CD14. sCD14 is also present in human milk where it is believed to regulate microbial growth in the infant gut.
Differentiation
CD14+ are monocytes that can differentiate into a host of different cells. (A '+' sign refers to the presence of the CD14 protein on a cell. )
Dendritic cells are immune cells and form part of the mammalian immune system. Their main function is to process antigen material and present it on the surface to other cells of the immune system, thus functioning as antigen-presenting cells.... , where differentiation is encouraged by cytokines. Examples of cytokines that will cause dendritic cell differentiation includes GM-CSF and IL-4.
