C-type lectin
Encyclopedia
A C-type lectin is a type of carbohydrate-binding protein domain
known as a lectin
. The C-type designation is from their requirement for calcium
for binding. Proteins that contain C-type lectin domains have a diverse range of functions including cell-cell adhesion, immune response to pathogens and apoptosis.
CLECs include:
The "NK Cell lectin-like receptors" are a very closely related group:
Additional proteins containing this domain include:
Protein domain
A protein domain is a part of protein sequence and structure that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. Each domain forms a compact three-dimensional structure and often can be independently stable and folded. Many proteins consist of several structural...
known as a lectin
Lectin
Lectins are sugar-binding proteins that are highly specific for their sugar moieties. They play a role in biological recognition phenomena involving cells and proteins. For example, some viruses use lectins to attach themselves to the cells of the host organism during infection...
. The C-type designation is from their requirement for calcium
Calcium
Calcium is the chemical element with the symbol Ca and atomic number 20. It has an atomic mass of 40.078 amu. Calcium is a soft gray alkaline earth metal, and is the fifth-most-abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust...
for binding. Proteins that contain C-type lectin domains have a diverse range of functions including cell-cell adhesion, immune response to pathogens and apoptosis.
Classification
Drickamer et al. classified C-type lectins into 7 subgroups (I to VII) based on the order of the various protein domains in each protein. This classification was subsequently updated in 2002, leading to seven additional groups (VIII to XIV). Most recently a further three subgroups were added (XV to XVII).| Group | Name | Associated domains |
|---|---|---|
| I | Lecticans | EGF, Sushi, Ig and Link domains |
| II | Asialoglycoprotein Asialoglycoprotein If terminal sialic acid residues are removed from glycoproteins, the resulting proteins are known as asialoglycoproteins.The exposure of the subterminal galactose residues results in rapid clearance of the glycoproteins from the circulation through hepatocyte asialoglycoprotein receptors on Kuppfer... and DC receptors |
None |
| III | Collectin Collectin Collectins are soluble pattern recognition receptors belonging to the superfamily of collagen containing C-type lectins.Eight collectins have been identified including mannan-binding lectin , surfactant protein A , surfactant protein D , collectin liver 1 , collectin placenta 1 , conglutinin,... s |
None |
| IV | Selectin Selectin Selectins are a family of cell adhesion molecules . All selectins are single-chain transmembrane glycoproteins that share similar properties to C-type lectins due to a related amino terminus and calcium-dependent binding... s |
Sushi and EGF domains |
| V | NK - cell receptors | None |
| VI | Multi-CTLD endocytic receptors | FnII and Ricin domains |
| VII | Reg group | None |
| VIII | Chondrolectin, Layilin | None |
| IX | Tetranectin | None |
| X | Polycystin PKD1 Polycystin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PKD1 gene.-Gene product:-Function:Polycystin-1 is a glycoprotein which contains a large N-terminal extracellular region, multiple transmembrane domains and a cytoplasmic C-tail... |
WSC, REJ, PKD domains |
| XI | Attractin (ATRN ATRN Attractin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ATRN gene.Attractin is a Group XI C-type lectin.-Further reading:... ) |
PSI, EGF and CUB domains |
| XII | Eosinophil major basic protein (EMBP) | None |
| XIII | DGCR2 DGCR2 Integral membrane protein DGCR2/IDD is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DGCR2 gene.Deletions of the 22q11.2 have been associated with a wide range of developmental defects classified under the acronym CATCH 22... |
None |
| XIV | Thrombomodulin Thrombomodulin Thrombomodulin, CD141 or BDCA-3 is an integral membrane protein expressed on the surface of endothelial cells. In humans, thrombomodulin is encoded by the THBD gene... |
EGF domains |
| XV | Bimlec | None |
| XVI | SEEC | SCP and EGF domains |
| XVII | CBCP/Frem1/QBRICK | CSPG repeats and CalX-beta domains |
CLECs include:
- CLEC1ACLEC1AC-type lectin domain family 1 member A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLEC1A gene.-Further reading:...
, CLEC1BCLEC1BC-type lectin domain family 1 member B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLEC1B gene.-Further reading:... - CLEC2A, CLEC2BCLEC2BC-type lectin domain family 2 member B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLEC2B gene.-Further reading:...
, CD69CD69CD69 is a human transmembrane C-Type lectin protein encoded by the gene.-Further reading:...
(CLEC2C), CLEC2DCLEC2DC-type lectin domain family 2 member D is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLEC2D gene.-Further reading:...
, CLEC2L - CLEC3A, CLEC3BCLEC3BTetranectin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLEC3B gene.-Further reading:...
- CLEC4ACLEC4AC-type lectin domain family 4 member A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLEC4A gene.-Further reading:...
, CLEC4CCLEC4CCLEC4C is a dendritic cell marker....
, CLEC4D, CLEC4E, CLEC4F, CLEC4G, ASGR1 (CLEC4H1), ASGR2 (CLEC4H2), FCER2 (CLEC4J), CD207 (CLEC4K), CD209 (CLEC4L), CLEC4MCLEC4MC-type lectin domain family 4 member M is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLEC4M gene. CLEC4M has also been designated as CD299 .-Further reading:... - CLEC5ACLEC5AC-type lectin domain family 5 member A or CLEC5A, also known as C-type lectin superfamily member 5 and myeloid DAP12-associating lectin 1 is a C-type lectin that in humans is encoded by the CLEC5A gene. It appears to be a member of a significant myeloid lineage activating pathway....
- CLEC6A
- CLEC7ACLEC7AC-type lectin domain family 7 member A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLEC7A gene.-Further reading:...
- OLR1OLR1Oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 also known as lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OLR1 gene.- Function :...
(CLEC8A) - CLEC9A
- CLEC10ACLEC10AC-type lectin domain family 10 member A also known as CLEC10A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLEC10A gene.- Function :This gene encodes a member of the C-type lectin/C-type lectin-like domain superfamily...
- CLEC11ACLEC11AC-type lectin domain family 11 member A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLEC11A gene.-Further reading:...
- CLEC12ACLEC12AC-type lectin domain family 12 member A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLEC12A gene.-Further reading:...
, CLEC12B - CD302CD302The CD302 antigen also known as C-type lectin domain family 13 member A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD302 gene.- Function :...
(CLEC13A), LY75LY75Lymphocyte antigen 75 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LY75 gene.LY75 has also recently been designated CD205 .-Further reading:...
(CLEC13B), PLA2R1PLA2R1Secretory phospholipase A2 receptor is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLA2R1 gene.M-type phospholipase A2 receptor is a major antigen in idiopathic membranous nephropathy. -Further reading:...
(CLEC13C), MRC1 (CLEC13D), MRC2 (CLEC13E) - CLEC14A
- CLEC16ACLEC16AC-type lectin domain family 16, also known as CLEC16A, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLEC16A gene.- Function :Little is known regarding the function of the CLEC16A protein, however it is shown to be highly expressed on B-lymphocytes, natural killer and dendritic cells...
- CLEC17A
The "NK Cell lectin-like receptors" are a very closely related group:
- KLRA1KLRA1Ly-49 Receptors or killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily A , member 1, are a class of natural killer cell receptor. Ly-49 proteins are a diverse set of C-type lectins that are expressed on NK cells in some mammals, including rodents but not humans. Their primary function is to bind host MHC...
- KLRB1KLRB1Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B, member 1, also known as KLRB1, NKR-P1A or CD161 , is a human gene....
(CLEC5B) - KLRC1, KLRC2KLRC2NKG2-C type II integral membrane protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLRC2 gene.-Further reading:...
, KLRC3, KLRC4KLRC4NKG2-F type II integral membrane protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLRC4 gene.Natural killer cells are lymphocytes that can mediate lysis of certain tumor cells and virus-infected cells without previous activation. They can also regulate specific humoral and cell-mediated... - KLRD1
- KLRF1 (CLEC5C)
- KLRG1KLRG1Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily G member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLRG1 gene.-Further reading:...
(CLEC15A), KLRG2 (CLEC15B) - KLRK1KLRK1NKG2-D type II integral membrane protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLRK1 gene. KLRK1 has also been designated as CD314 .-Further reading:...
Additional proteins containing this domain include:
- AGC1; ATRNL1
- BCANBCANBrevican core protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BCAN gene.In melanocytic cells BCAN gene expression may be regulated by MITF.-Further reading:...
- CD248CD248Endosialin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD248 gene.-External links:...
; CD72CD72CD72 , also known in murine biology as Lyb-2, is a protein active in the immune system of animals. It consists of two identical halves, each of about 39-43 daltons, and is a C-type lectin. Its primarily locus of expression is B-cells, where it appears to mediate aspects of B-cell - T-cell...
; CD93CD93CD93 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD93 gene. CD93 is a C-type lectin transmembrane receptors which play a role not only in cell–cell adhesion processes but also in host defence.- Family :...
; CHODLCHODLChondrolectin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHODL gene.-Further reading:...
; CL-K1-Ia; CL-K1-Ib; CL-K1-Ic; CLECSF5; COLEC10; COLEC11; COLEC12; CSPG3 - FCER2; FREM1FREM1FRAS1-related extracellular matrix protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FREM1 gene.-External links:*...
; HBXBP; - LAYN; LOC348174; LOC728276
- MAFAMAFAMAFA is a type II membranal glycoprotein, first identified on the surface of rat mucosal-type mast cells of the RBL-2H3 line...
; MBL2; MGC34761; MICL; MRC1L1 - OLR1OLR1Oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 also known as lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OLR1 gene.- Function :...
- PAPPAP- People :* King Pap of Armenia* Arthur Pap, philosopher* Eszter Pap, a Hungarian triathlete* The nickname of Mike Papantonio, a Florida-based trial attorney and co-host of Ring of Fire on Air America Radio...
; PKD1PKD1Polycystin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PKD1 gene.-Gene product:-Function:Polycystin-1 is a glycoprotein which contains a large N-terminal extracellular region, multiple transmembrane domains and a cytoplasmic C-tail...
; PKD1L2; PLA2R1PLA2R1Secretory phospholipase A2 receptor is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLA2R1 gene.M-type phospholipase A2 receptor is a major antigen in idiopathic membranous nephropathy. -Further reading:...
; PRG2; PRG3 - REG1AREG1ALithostathine-1-alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the REG1A gene.-Further reading:...
; REG1BREG1BLithostathine-1-beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the REG1B gene.-Further reading:...
; REG3AREG3ARegenerating islet-derived protein 3 alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the REG3A gene.-Further reading:...
; REG3GREG3GRegenerating islet-derived protein 3 gamma is a protein that in humans is encoded by the REG3G gene.Intestinal paneth cells produce REG3G via stimulation of toll-like receptors by pathogen-associated molecular patterns . REG3 gamma specifically targets Gram-positive bacteria because it binds to...
; REG4REG4Regenerating islet-derived protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the REG4 gene.-Further reading:... - SELESeleSele may refer to:In places:*Sele, Norway, two villages with this name in Øygarden, Norway*Sele, West Sussex, an English hamlet*Sele Priory, a Benedictine monastery in modern day Upper Beeding, West Sussex...
; SELLSELLSELL is a French organisation that promotes the interests of video game developers. The group mainly distributes information about video game professionals to authorities and consumers. Created in 1995, the group is chaired by Philippe Sauze from Electronic Arts France. The general delegate is...
; SELP; SFTPA1SFTPA1Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A1, also known as SFTPA1, is a human gene.-Further reading:...
; SFTPA2; SFTPA2BSFTPA2BSurfactant, pulmonary-associated protein A2B, also known as SFTPA2B, is a human gene.-Further reading:...
; SFTPD; SRCL - THBD
- VCAN
External links
- Functional Glycomics Gateway, a collaboration between the Consortium for Functional GlycomicsConsortium for Functional GlycomicsThe Consortium for Functional Glycomics is a large research initiative funded in 2001 by a glue grant from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences to “define paradigms by which protein-carbohydrate interactions mediate cell communication”...
and Nature Publishing GroupNature Publishing GroupNature Publishing Group is an international publishing company that publishes academic journals, online databases, and services across the life, physical, chemical and applied sciences and clinical medicine...