Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (August 8, 1605 – November 30, 1675), usually called Cecil, was an
EnglishEngland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the North Sea to the east, with the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
coloniser who was the first proprietor of the
Maryland colonyThe Province of Maryland was an English colony in North America that existed from 1632 until 1776, when it joined the other twelve of the Thirteen colonies in rebellion against Great Britain which established the United States and became the U.S...
. He received the proprietorship that was intended for his father,
George Calvert, the 1st Lord BaltimoreGeorge Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore was an English politician and coloniser. He achieved domestic political success as a Member of Parliament and later Secretary of State under King James I, though he lost much of his political power after his support for a failed marriage alliance between Prince...
, who died shortly before it was granted. Cecil established Maryland from his home in England, and as a
CatholicThe word Catholic is derived from the Greek adjective , meaning "universal". In the context of Christian ecclesiology, it has a rich history and several usages. For some, the term "Catholic Church" refers to the church in full communion with the Bishop of Rome, made up of the Latin Rite and the 22...
continued the legacy of his father by promoting Religious tolerance in the colony.
Forming it based on the ideas of freedom of religion and
separation of church and stateSeparation of church and state is a political and legal doctrine that government and religious institutions are to be kept separate and independent from each other...
, Maryland became known as a haven for Roman Catholics in the New World. Cecil governed Maryland for forty-two years.
Early life
Cecilius Calvert, whose first name was sometimes spelled
gæcilius, or
Caecilius, was born on August 8, 1605, in
KentKent , originally Cantia, is a county in southeast England, and is one of the home counties. It borders East Sussex, Surrey and Greater London and has a defined boundary with Essex in the middle of the River Thames estuary. The ceremonial county boundaries of Kent include the shire county of Kent...
,
EnglandEngland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the North Sea to the east, with the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
. He married
Anne ArundellAnne Calvert, Baroness Baltimore, née Arundell , was an English noblewoman, daughter of Thomas Arundell, 1st Baron Arundell of Wardour, and wife of Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, the founder of the Province of Maryland colony. Anne Arundel County in Maryland, USA, was named for her.Her...
, daughter of the
1st Baron Arundell of WardourThomas Arundell, 1st Baron Arundell of Wardour was an English nobleman. He was the second son of Sir Mathew Arundell of Wardour Castle in Wiltshire, a member of the ancient family of Arundells in Cornwall, and of Margaret, daughter of Sir Henry Willoughby.In 1579 he was personally recommended by...
, in 1627 or 1628. They had nine children. Out of the nine children, only three, including
Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron BaltimoreCharles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore was the second Proprietary Governor of the Province of Maryland, inheriting the colony upon the death of his father, Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, in 1675. He had been his father's Deputy Governor since 1661 when he arrived in the colony at the age of 24...
, made it to adulthood.
He entered
Trinity CollegeThe College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity in the University of Oxford, of the foundation of Sir Thomas Pope , or Trinity College for short, is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. It stands on Broad Street, next door to Balliol and Blackwells, and opposite...
at the
University of OxfordThe University of Oxford , located in the UK city of Oxford, is the oldest surviving university in the English-speaking world and is regarded as one of the world's leading academic institutions. Although the exact date of foundation remains unclear, there is evidence of teaching there as far back...
in 1621. On August 8, 1633, he was admitted to
Gray's InnThe Honourable Society of Gray's Inn, commonly known simply as Gray's Inn is one of the four Inns of Court in London. To be called to the Bar and practise as a barrister in England and Wales, an individual must belong to one of these Inns...
.
Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (August 8, 1605 – November 30, 1675), usually called Cecil, was an
EnglishEngland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the North Sea to the east, with the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
coloniser who was the first proprietor of the
Maryland colonyThe Province of Maryland was an English colony in North America that existed from 1632 until 1776, when it joined the other twelve of the Thirteen colonies in rebellion against Great Britain which established the United States and became the U.S...
. He received the proprietorship that was intended for his father,
George Calvert, the 1st Lord BaltimoreGeorge Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore was an English politician and coloniser. He achieved domestic political success as a Member of Parliament and later Secretary of State under King James I, though he lost much of his political power after his support for a failed marriage alliance between Prince...
, who died shortly before it was granted. Cecil established Maryland from his home in England, and as a
CatholicThe word Catholic is derived from the Greek adjective , meaning "universal". In the context of Christian ecclesiology, it has a rich history and several usages. For some, the term "Catholic Church" refers to the church in full communion with the Bishop of Rome, made up of the Latin Rite and the 22...
continued the legacy of his father by promoting Religious tolerance in the colony.
Forming it based on the ideas of freedom of religion and
separation of church and stateSeparation of church and state is a political and legal doctrine that government and religious institutions are to be kept separate and independent from each other...
, Maryland became known as a haven for Roman Catholics in the New World. Cecil governed Maryland for forty-two years.
[http://americanhistory.about.com/od/biographiesaf/p/biobaltimore.htm]
Early life
Cecilius Calvert, whose first name was sometimes spelled
gæcilius, or
Caecilius, was born on August 8, 1605, in
KentKent , originally Cantia, is a county in southeast England, and is one of the home counties. It borders East Sussex, Surrey and Greater London and has a defined boundary with Essex in the middle of the River Thames estuary. The ceremonial county boundaries of Kent include the shire county of Kent...
,
EnglandEngland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the North Sea to the east, with the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
. He married
Anne ArundellAnne Calvert, Baroness Baltimore, née Arundell , was an English noblewoman, daughter of Thomas Arundell, 1st Baron Arundell of Wardour, and wife of Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, the founder of the Province of Maryland colony. Anne Arundel County in Maryland, USA, was named for her.Her...
, daughter of the
1st Baron Arundell of WardourThomas Arundell, 1st Baron Arundell of Wardour was an English nobleman. He was the second son of Sir Mathew Arundell of Wardour Castle in Wiltshire, a member of the ancient family of Arundells in Cornwall, and of Margaret, daughter of Sir Henry Willoughby.In 1579 he was personally recommended by...
, in 1627 or 1628. They had nine children. Out of the nine children, only three, including
Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron BaltimoreCharles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore was the second Proprietary Governor of the Province of Maryland, inheriting the colony upon the death of his father, Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, in 1675. He had been his father's Deputy Governor since 1661 when he arrived in the colony at the age of 24...
, made it to adulthood.
He entered
Trinity CollegeThe College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity in the University of Oxford, of the foundation of Sir Thomas Pope , or Trinity College for short, is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. It stands on Broad Street, next door to Balliol and Blackwells, and opposite...
at the
University of OxfordThe University of Oxford , located in the UK city of Oxford, is the oldest surviving university in the English-speaking world and is regarded as one of the world's leading academic institutions. Although the exact date of foundation remains unclear, there is evidence of teaching there as far back...
in 1621. On August 8, 1633, he was admitted to
Gray's InnThe Honourable Society of Gray's Inn, commonly known simply as Gray's Inn is one of the four Inns of Court in London. To be called to the Bar and practise as a barrister in England and Wales, an individual must belong to one of these Inns...
.
Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (August 8, 1605 – November 30, 1675), usually called Cecil, was an
EnglishEngland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the North Sea to the east, with the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
coloniser who was the first proprietor of the
Maryland colonyThe Province of Maryland was an English colony in North America that existed from 1632 until 1776, when it joined the other twelve of the Thirteen colonies in rebellion against Great Britain which established the United States and became the U.S...
. He received the proprietorship that was intended for his father,
George Calvert, the 1st Lord BaltimoreGeorge Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore was an English politician and coloniser. He achieved domestic political success as a Member of Parliament and later Secretary of State under King James I, though he lost much of his political power after his support for a failed marriage alliance between Prince...
, who died shortly before it was granted. Cecil established Maryland from his home in England, and as a
CatholicThe word Catholic is derived from the Greek adjective , meaning "universal". In the context of Christian ecclesiology, it has a rich history and several usages. For some, the term "Catholic Church" refers to the church in full communion with the Bishop of Rome, made up of the Latin Rite and the 22...
continued the legacy of his father by promoting Religious tolerance in the colony.
Forming it based on the ideas of freedom of religion and
separation of church and stateSeparation of church and state is a political and legal doctrine that government and religious institutions are to be kept separate and independent from each other...
, Maryland became known as a haven for Roman Catholics in the New World. Cecil governed Maryland for forty-two years.
[http://americanhistory.about.com/od/biographiesaf/p/biobaltimore.htm]
Early life
Cecilius Calvert, whose first name was sometimes spelled
gæcilius, or
Caecilius, was born on August 8, 1605, in
KentKent , originally Cantia, is a county in southeast England, and is one of the home counties. It borders East Sussex, Surrey and Greater London and has a defined boundary with Essex in the middle of the River Thames estuary. The ceremonial county boundaries of Kent include the shire county of Kent...
,
EnglandEngland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the North Sea to the east, with the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
. He married
Anne ArundellAnne Calvert, Baroness Baltimore, née Arundell , was an English noblewoman, daughter of Thomas Arundell, 1st Baron Arundell of Wardour, and wife of Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, the founder of the Province of Maryland colony. Anne Arundel County in Maryland, USA, was named for her.Her...
, daughter of the
1st Baron Arundell of WardourThomas Arundell, 1st Baron Arundell of Wardour was an English nobleman. He was the second son of Sir Mathew Arundell of Wardour Castle in Wiltshire, a member of the ancient family of Arundells in Cornwall, and of Margaret, daughter of Sir Henry Willoughby.In 1579 he was personally recommended by...
, in 1627 or 1628. They had nine children. Out of the nine children, only three, including
Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron BaltimoreCharles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore was the second Proprietary Governor of the Province of Maryland, inheriting the colony upon the death of his father, Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, in 1675. He had been his father's Deputy Governor since 1661 when he arrived in the colony at the age of 24...
, made it to adulthood.
He entered
Trinity CollegeThe College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity in the University of Oxford, of the foundation of Sir Thomas Pope , or Trinity College for short, is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. It stands on Broad Street, next door to Balliol and Blackwells, and opposite...
at the
University of OxfordThe University of Oxford , located in the UK city of Oxford, is the oldest surviving university in the English-speaking world and is regarded as one of the world's leading academic institutions. Although the exact date of foundation remains unclear, there is evidence of teaching there as far back...
in 1621. On August 8, 1633, he was admitted to
Gray's InnThe Honourable Society of Gray's Inn, commonly known simply as Gray's Inn is one of the four Inns of Court in London. To be called to the Bar and practise as a barrister in England and Wales, an individual must belong to one of these Inns...
.
[Richardson, Douglas (2005). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, p. 169. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company. ISBN 0806317590.]
Settlement of the Maryland colony
Cecil Calvert received a charter from
Charles I of EnglandCharles I, , the second son of James VI of Scotland and I of England, was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution. Charles famously engaged in a struggle for power with the Parliament of England...
for the new colony of
MarylandThe Province of Maryland was an English colony in North America that existed from 1632 until 1776, when it joined the other twelve of the Thirteen colonies in rebellion against Great Britain which established the United States and became the U.S...
, named for the Queen Consort Henrietta Maria, shortly after the death of his father, the
1st Baron BaltimoreGeorge Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore was an English politician and coloniser. He achieved domestic political success as a Member of Parliament and later Secretary of State under King James I, though he lost much of his political power after his support for a failed marriage alliance between Prince...
, who had long pursued a colony in the mid-Atlantic to serve as a refuge for English Catholics. The original grant would have included the western shore of the
Chesapeake BayThe Chesapeake Bay is the largest estuary in the United States. It lies off the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by Maryland and Virginia. The Chesapeake Bay's watershed covers in the District of Columbia and parts of six states: New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia...
as far south as the
Potomac RiverThe Potomac River flows into the Chesapeake Bay, located along the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States. The river is approximately 383 statute miles long, with a drainage area of about 14,700 square miles . In terms of area, this makes the Potomac River the fourth largest river along the...
and the entirety of the eastern shore. When it was realized that settlers from
VirginiaThe Colony of Virginia was the English colony in British America that existed briefly during the 16th century, and then continuously from 1607 until the American Revolution...
had already crossed the bay to begin settling the southern tip of the eastern shore, the grant was revised to include the eastern shore only as far south as a line drawn east from the Potomac River. Once that alteration was made, the final charter was confirmed on June 20, 1632. Baltimore's fee for the charter, which was legally a rental of the land from the King, was one-fifth of all gold and silver found and the delivery of two Native American arrows to the royal castle at Windsor every Easter.
[Browne, Pages 35-36] It established Maryland as a
palatinateA county palatine is an area ruled by a count palatine with special authority and autonomy from the rest of the kingdom...
, gave to Baltimore and his descendants rights nearly equal to those of an independent state, including the rights to wage war, collect taxes, and establish a colonial nobility.
[Browne, Page 36] If at any point there was a question as to the rights contained within the charter, the charter would be interpreted in favor of the proprietor.
[Browne, Page 37] The new charter was opposed in England by supporters of Virginia, who had little interest in having a competing colony to the north. Rather than going to the colony himself, Baltimore stayed behind in England to deal with this threat and sent his younger brothers
LeonardLeonard Calvert was the first Governor of the Province of Maryland. He was the second son of George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore, the first proprietor of the Province of Maryland...
and George in his stead.
While the expedition was being prepared, Baltimore was kept busy in England defending the charter from former members of the Virginia Company who were trying to regain their charter, including the entirety of the Maryland colony which had previously been a part of Virginia. They had informally sought to thwart Baltimore's efforts for years, but their first formal complaint was lodged with the Lords of Foreign Plantations in July, 1633. The complaint claimed that Maryland had not truly been unsettled, as claimed in its charter, because of the presence of a trading station run by
William ClaiborneWilliam Claiborne was an English pioneer, surveyor, and an early settler in Virginia and Maryland. Claiborne became a wealthy planter, a trader, and a major figure in the politics of the colony...
on
Kent IslandKent Island is the largest island in the Chesapeake Bay, and a historic place in Maryland. To the east, a narrow channel known as the Kent Narrows barely separates the island from the Delmarva Peninsula, and on the other side, the island is separated from Sandy Point, an area near Annapolis, by...
. It also claimed that the charter was so broad as to constitute a violation of the liberties of the colony's citizens, although at this point there were not a great many Marylanders to speak of.
[Browne, Pages 43-44]
The first expedition consisted of two ships that had formerly belonged to Baltimore's father, the Ark and the Dove. They departed
GravesendGravesend is a town in northwest Kent, England, on the south bank of the Thames, opposite Tilbury in Essex. It is the administrative town of the Borough of Gravesham and, because of its geographical position, has always had an important role to play in the history and communications of this part of...
with 128 settlers on board and, after being chased down and brought back by the British navy so that the settlers could take an oath of allegiance to the King as required by law, sailed in October of 1632 for the
Isle of WightThe Isle of Wight is an English island and a county, located 3-5 miles from the south coast of the mainland, in the English Channel. It is separated from mainland England by the Solent and is situated south of the county of Hampshire...
to pick up more settlers. At the Isle of Wight they boarded two Jesuit priests and nearly two hundred more settlers before setting out across the Atlantic.
[Browne, Page 45] Since he could not lead the expedition himself, Baltimore sent detailed instructions for the governance of the colony, including commands that his brothers seek any information about those who had tried to thwart the colony and make contact with Claiborne to determine his intentions for the trading station on Kent Island. The instructions also emphasized the importance of religious toleration among the colonists, who were nearly equal parts Catholic and Protestant. With these last instructions, the expedition crossed the Atlantic and founded the first settlement at
St. Mary'sSt. Mary's City, in St. Mary's County, Maryland, is a small unincorporated community near the southernmost end of the state on the western shore of the Chesapeake Bay. It is located on the eastern shore of the St. Mary's River, a tributary of the Potomac River. St...
in 1634 on land purchased from the native
YaocomicoThe Yaocomico, or Yaocomaco, were a Native American group related to the Piscataway who lived along the north bank of the Potomac River near its confluence with the Chesapeake Bay in the 17th century. The first settlers who arrived to found the English colony of Maryland purchased the land for...
.
[Browne, Pages 59-62] Stranded in England, Baltimore could do little to help the young colony through its tribulations, which included an ongoing feud with Claiborne that led to a series of naval skirmishes.
[Browne, Pages 62-64]
Lord Baltimore continued as Maryland's first
Proprietary GovernorProprietary Governors were individuals authorized to govern proprietary colonies. Under the proprietary system, individuals or companies were granted commercial charters by the King of England to establish colonies. These proprietors then selected the governors and other officials in the colony....
(1632–1675), and attempted to maintain an active involvement in the governance of the colony, though he never visited it. During this long tenure, he governed through deputies, the last being his only son
CharlesCharles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore was the second Proprietary Governor of the Province of Maryland, inheriting the colony upon the death of his father, Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, in 1675. He had been his father's Deputy Governor since 1661 when he arrived in the colony at the age of 24...
.
Crisis during the English civil war
The enterprise took place in the context of serious unrest in England. In 1629, King Charles had dissolved
ParliamentThe Parliament of England was the legislature of the Kingdom of England. The English Parliament traces its origins to the Anglo-Saxon Witenagemot. In 1066, William of Normandy brought a feudal system, by which he sought advice of a council of tenants-in-chief and ecclesiastics before making laws...
and governed for the next eleven years without input from a representative body. The
Church of EnglandThe Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the oldest among the communion's thirty-eight independent national and regional churches...
, led by the
Star ChamberThe Star Chamber was an English court of law that sat at the royal Palace of Westminster until 1641. It was made up of Privy Counsellors, as well as common-law judges, and supplemented the activities of the common-law and equity courts in both civil and criminal matters...
, intensified its campaign against both Puritans and Catholics. The former were able to flee England to their
New England colonyThe Massachusetts Bay Colony was an English settlement on the east coast of North America in the 17th century, in New England, centered around the present-day cities of Salem and Boston...
, but for Catholics, Maryland was their sole place of refuge from persecution.
Lord Baltimore, a Roman Catholic, struggled to maintain possession of Maryland during the
English Civil WarThe English Civil War was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists. The first and second civil wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament, while the third war saw fighting between supporters of...
by trying to convince Parliament of his loyalty by appointing a Protestant,
William StoneWilliam Stone was an English pioneer and an early settler in Maryland. He was governor of the colony of Maryland from 1649 to 1655.-Early life:Stone was born in Northamptonshire, England....
, as his governor.
Baltimore lost control of the colony for a brief periodThe Battle of the Severn was a skirmish fought on March 25, 1655, on the Severn River at Horn Point, across Spa Creek from Annapolis, Maryland, in what at that time was referred to as "Providence", in what is now the neighborhood of Eastport. Following the battle, Providence changed its name to...
, however, due to
PuritanA Puritan of 16th and 17th-century England was an associate of any number of religious groups advocating for more "purity" of worship and doctrine, as well as personal and group piety. Puritans felt that the English Reformation had not gone far enough, and that the Church of England was tolerant...
pressure during the rule of
Oliver CromwellOliver Cromwell was an English military and political leader best known for his involvement in making England into a republican Commonwealth and for his later role as Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland.He was one of the commanders of the New Model Army which defeated the royalists in...
. He regained the colony in 1657, after signing a treaty with Virginia Governor
Richard BennettRichard Bennett was an English Colonial Governor of Virginia.Born in Wiveliscombe, Somerset, Bennett served as governor from April 30, 1652, until March 2, 1655. His uncle, Edward Bennett, was a wealthy merchant from London and one of the few Puritan members of the Virginia Company, who had...
.
The primarily Puritan assembly retained powers in Maryland until April 27, 1658, when proprietorship was restored to Lord Baltimore, religious freedom was ensured, and an agreement of general
amnestyAmnesty is a legislative or executive act by which a state restores those who may have been guilty of an offense against it to the positions of innocent persons. It includes more than pardon, in as much as it obliterates all legal remembrance of the offense. The word has the same root as amnesia...
was entered into. Thus, in the end, Lord Baltimore not only retained his lands and powers, but was able to avoid the grisly fate of many of his contemporaries in England during this time. The proprietor appointed
Josias FendallGov. Josias Fendall, Lt. Gen., Esq. , was fourth proprietary and colonial Governor of Maryland. He was born in England, and came to the Province of Maryland. He was the progenitor of the Fendall family in America....
to succeed Stone as governor for Fendall's loyalty during the Battle of the Severn.
Governor Fendall soon had a falling out with Lord Baltimore and led a bloodless revolution in 1659 whereby he and William Fuller reorganized Maryland's government to resemble the Commonwealth's. However, the
RestorationThe English Restoration, often shortened to the Restoration, began in 1660 when the English, Scottish and Irish monarchies were all restored under Charles II after the Commonwealth of England that followed the English Civil War...
of
Charles IICharles II was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland.Charles II's father King Charles I was executed at Whitehall on 30 January 1649, at the climax of the English Civil War. The English Parliament did not proclaim Charles II king at this time. Instead they passed a statute making such a...
in 1660 forced Fendall into exile and restored the proprietorship.
Baltimore's other colony in Newfoundland
Lord Baltimore's family also had title to Ferryland and the
Province of AvalonProvince of Avalon was the area around the settlement of Ferryland, Newfoundland and Labrador, in the 17th century, which upon the success of the colony grew to include the land held by Sir William Vaughan and all the land that lay between Ferryland and Petty Harbour.Sir George Calvert had acquired...
in Newfoundland and he administered the colony between 1629 and 1632 when he left for Maryland. In 1637, however,
Sir David KirkeSir David Kirke was an adventurer, colonizer and governor for the king of England. Kirke was the son of Gervase Kirke, a wealthy London-based Scottish merchant, who had married a Huguenot woman, Elizabeth Goudon, and was raised in English occupied Dieppe, in Normandy.In 1627 Kirke's father and...
acquired a charter giving him title to the entire island of Newfoundland superseding the charter granted to his father, the 1st Baron. Baltimore fought against the new charter and, in 1661, gained official recognition of the old Charter of Avalon but never attempted to retake the colony.
Death and legacy
Cecilius Calvert died in
MiddlesexMiddlesex is one of the historic counties of England and the second smallest by area. The low-lying county contained the wealthy and politically independent City of London on its southern boundary and was dominated by it from a very early time...
,
EnglandEngland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the North Sea to the east, with the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
on November 30, 1675.
There are several locations in the
stateMaryland is a state located in the Mid Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia and the District of Columbia to the south and west, Pennsylvania to the north, and Delaware to the east. It is comparable in size to the European country of Belgium. According to the U.S...
named after the Barons Baltimore, including
Baltimore CountyBaltimore County is a county located in the northern part of the U.S. state of Maryland. In 2004, its population was estimated to be 763,181.. It is part of the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area. Its county seat is Towson. The name of the county was derived from the barony of the Proprietor of...
,
Baltimore CityBaltimore is an independent city and the largest city in the state of Maryland. The city is located in central Maryland along the tidal portion of the Patapsco River, an arm of the Chesapeake Bay. Baltimore is sometimes referred to as Baltimore City in order to distinguish it from surrounding...
.
Calvert CountyCalvert County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. It occupies the Calvert Peninsula which is bordered on the east by the Chesapeake Bay and on the west by the Patuxent River. Calvert County is part of the Southern Maryland region. Its residents are among the highest median...
,
Cecil CountyCecil County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. It is part of the Delaware Valley. It was named for Cæcilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore , who was the first Proprietary Governor of the colony of Maryland from 1632 until his death in 1675. The county seat is Elkton. The newspaper...
,
Charles CountyCharles County is a county in the south central portion of the U.S. state of Maryland.As of 2000, the population was 120,546. Its county seat is La Plata. This county was named for Charles Calvert , third Baron Baltimore....
,
Frederick CountyFrederick County is located in the western part of the U.S. state of Maryland, bordering the southern border of Pennsylvania and the northeastern border of Virginia. It is a part of the Washington-Baltimore Metropolitan Area, and is often recognized as part of Western Maryland. The county is home...
,
LeonardtownLeonardtown is a town in and the county seat of St. Mary's County, Maryland, United States. The population was 1,896 at the 2000 census. Leonardtown is perhaps most famous for the national oyster-shucking championship that occurs annually at the St...
,
St. LeonardSt. Leonard is a census-designated place in Calvert County, Maryland, United States. The population was officially 536 at the 2000 census, although residents of the Calvert Beach-Long Beach, Maryland community also use the St. Leonard zip code designation, making it in fact a much larger community...
and
Calvert CliffsCalvert Cliffs may refer to:* Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant, a nuclear power plant located on the Chesapeake Bay* Calvert Cliffs State Park, a state park on the Chesapeake Bay...
. Anne Arundell's name survives in that of
Anne Arundel CountyAnne Arundel County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. It is named for Anne Arundell , a member of the ancient family of Arundells in Cornwall, England and the wife of Cæcilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore. Its county seat is Annapolis, which is also the capital of the state...
,
MarylandMaryland is a state located in the Mid Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia and the District of Columbia to the south and west, Pennsylvania to the north, and Delaware to the east. It is comparable in size to the European country of Belgium. According to the U.S...
, and
Annapolis, MarylandAnnapolis is the capital of the U.S. state of Maryland, as well as the county seat of Anne Arundel County. It has a population of 36,524 , and is situated on the Chesapeake Bay at the mouth of the Severn River, south of Baltimore and about east of Washington D.C. Annapolis is part of the...
. His survives in the name of
Cecil County, MarylandCecil County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. It is part of the Delaware Valley. It was named for Cæcilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore , who was the first Proprietary Governor of the colony of Maryland from 1632 until his death in 1675. The county seat is Elkton. The newspaper...
, Cecil Avenue and Calvert Street in Baltimore City.
Harford CountyHarford County is a county in the U.S. state of Maryland. In 2004, its population was estimated to be 233,340. Its county seat is Bel Air. Harford County forms part of the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area.-History:...
is named for
Henry HarfordHenry Harford was the last proprietor of the British colony of Maryland.- Background :The Calvert family had been given a royal charter to the Maryland colony in the 1600’s. Since then, successive Lords Baltimore had increased the family’s value: they owned shares in the Bank of England as well as...
, the illegitimate son of
Frederick Calvert, 6th Baron BaltimoreFrederick Calvert, 6th Baron Baltimore was an English nobleman and last in the line of Barons Baltimore.-Biography:...
, who while not able to inherit the peerage, did inherit the Lord Proprietorship, only to lose it during the
RevolutionThe American Revolution is the political upheaval during the last half of the 18th century in which thirteen of Britain's colonies in North America at first rejected the governance of the Parliament of Great Britain, and later the British monarchy itself, to become the sovereign United States of...
. There is also a
Charles StreetMaryland Route 139, locally North Charles Street runs through Baltimore City and through the Towson area of Baltimore County. On the north end it terminates at a traffic circle with Bellona Avenue near Interstate 695 and at the south end it terminates in Federal Hill in Baltimore...
in Baltimore. On the Avalon Peninsula in Newfoundland, there is a settlement named
CalvertCalvert is an unincorporated Canadian settlement in the Ferryland District of Newfoundland and Labrador, on the Irish loop, 72 kilometres south of the provincial capital St. John's. It is 7 kilometres south of Cape Broyle, and 3 kilometres north of Ferryland...
, and in nearby
FerrylandFerryland is a town in Newfoundland and Labrador on the Avalon Peninsula. According to the 2006 Statistics Canada census, its population is 529....
there is a Baltimore School.
A life-sized statue of Cecilius Calvert is located in front of the
Clarence M. Mitchell, Jr. Court HouseClarence M. Mitchell, Jr. was a civil rights activist and was the chief lobbyist for the NAACP for nearly 30 years. He also served as a regional director for the organization. Mitchell, nicknamed "the 101st U.S...
in Baltimore, Maryland.
Sources