By-product

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Major by-products

Animal sources

• dried blood
  Blood
  
  Blood is a specialized bodily fluid that delivers necessary substances to the body's Cell s ? such as nutrients and oxygen ? and transports waste products away from those same cells....
   and blood meal
  Blood meal
  
  Blood meal is dried, powdered blood used as a high-nitrogen fertilizer. It is one of the highest non-synthetic sources of nitrogen and if over-applied it can burn plants with excessive ammonia....
   - from slaughterhouse
  Slaughterhouse
  
  A slaughterhouse, also called an abattoir ,or freezing works , is a facility where animals are killed and processed into meat foods....
   operations
• chicken by-product meal - clean parts of the carcass of slaughtered chicken, such as necks, feet, undeveloped eggs, and intestines.
• chrome shavings - from a stage of leather
  Leather
  
  Leather is a material created through the tanning of rawhides and skins of animals, primarily cattlehide. The tanning process converts the putrescible skin into a durable, long-lasting and versatile natural material for various uses....
   manufacture
• collagen
  Collagen
  
  Collagen is the main protein of connective tissue in animals and the most abundant protein in mammals, making up about 25% to 35% of the whole-body protein content....
   and gelatin
  Gelatin
  
  Gelatin is a translucent, colorless, brittle, nearly tasteless solid, derived from the collagen inside animals' skin and mostly bones. It has been commonly used as a gelling agent in food, pharmaceutical, photography, and cosmetic manufacturing....
   - from the boiled skin and other parts of slaughtered livestock
• feather
  Feather
  
  Feathers are one of the epidermal growths that form the distinctive outer covering, or plumage, on birds. They are considered the most complex integumentary structures found in vertebrates....
  s - from poultry
  Poultry
  
  Poultry is the category of domesticated birds which some people keep for the purpose of collecting their egg , or kill for their meat and/or feathers....
   processing
• feather meal
  Feather meal
  
  Feather meal is made from poultry feathers by partially hydrolyzing under elevated heat and pressure and then grinding. Although total nitrogen levels are fairly high, the bioavailability of this nitrogen may be low....
   - from poultry
  Poultry
  
  Poultry is the category of domesticated birds which some people keep for the purpose of collecting their egg , or kill for their meat and/or feathers....
   processing
• lanolin
  Lanolin
  
  Lanolin, also called Adeps Lanae, wool wax, wool fat, anhydrous wool fat or wool grease, is a greasy yellow substance secreted by the sebaceous glands of wool animals, with the vast majority of it used by humans coming from domestic sheep....
   - from the cleaning of wool
  Wool
  
  Wool is the fiber derived from the specialized skin cells, called follicles, of animals in the Caprinae family, principally domestic sheep, but the hair of certain species of other Mammalia such as cashmere goat, llamas, rabbits and keeshonds may also be called wool....
  
• manure
  Manure
  
  Manure is organic matter used as organic fertilizer in agriculture. Manures contribute to the fertility of the soil by adding organic matter and Nutrient#Nutrients and the environment, such as nitrogen that is trapped by bacterium in the soil....
   - from animal husbandry
  Animal husbandry
  
  Animal husbandry, also called animal science, stockbreeding or simple husbandry, is the agriculture practice of animal breeding and raising livestock....
  
• meat and bone meal
  Meat and bone meal
  
  Meat and bone meal is a product of the rendering industry. It is typically about 50% protein, 35% ash , 8-12% fat, and 4-7% moisture. It is primarily used in the formulation of fodder to improve the amino acid profile of the feed....
   - from the rendering
  Rendering (industrial)
  
  Rendering is a process that converts waste animal biological tissue into stable, value-added materials. Rendering can refer to any processing of animal byproducts into more useful materials, or more narrowly to the rendering of whole animal fatty tissue into purified fats like lard or tallow....
   of animal bones and offal
  Offal
  
  Offal is the entrails and internal organs of a butchered animal. The word does not refer to a particular list of organs, but includes most internal organs other than muscles or bones....
  
• poultry byproduct and poultry meal - made from unmarketable poultry bones and offal
• poultry litter
  Poultry litter
  
  In agriculture, poultry litter or broiler litter is a material used as bedding in poultry operations to renderthe floor more manageable. Common litter materials are wood shavings, sawdust, peanut hulls, shredded sugar cane, straw, and other dry, absorbent, low-cost organic materials....
   - swept from the floors of chicken coops
• whey
  Whey
  
  Whey or milk plasma is the liquid remaining after milk has been curdled and strained; it is a by-product of the manufacture of cheese or casein and has several commercial uses....
   - from cheese
  Cheese
  
  Cheese is a food consisting of proteins and fat from milk, usually the milk of cattle, Water Buffalo, goats, or sheep's milk. It is produced by Coagulation of the milk protein casein....
   manufacturing
• fetal pigs

Vegetation

• acidulated soap stock - from the refining of vegetable oil
• bran
  Bran
  
  Bran is the hard outer layer of grain and consists of combined aleurone and pericarp. Along with cereal germ, it is an integral part of whole grains, and is often produced as a by-product of milling in the production of refined grains....
   and germ
  Cereal germ
  
  The germ of a cereal is the reproductive part that germinates to grow into a plant; it is the embryo of the seed....
   - from the milling of whole grain
  Whole grain
  
  Whole grains are cereal that contain bran and cereal germ as well as the endosperm, in contrast to refined grains, which retain only the endosperm....
  s into refined grains
• brewer's yeast - from ethanol
  Ethanol
  
  Ethanol, also called ethyl alcohol, pure alcohol, grain alcohol, or drinking alcohol, is a volatility , flammable, colorless liquid....
   fermentation
• cereal food fines
  Cereal food fines
  
  Cereal Food Fines are a byproduct or left-over of breakfast cereal food processing. Usually the source is unknown and sometimes this product is used in low quality dog food....
   - from breakfast cereal processing
• corn stover
  Stover
  
  Stover consists of the leaves and stalks of corn , sorghum or soybean plants that are left in a field after harvest. It can be directly grazed by cattle or dried for use as fodder ....
   - residual plant matter after harvesting of cereal
  Cereal
  
  Cereals, or cereal grains, are mostly Poaceae cultivated for their edible brans or fruit seeds . Cereal grains are grown in greater quantities and provide more energy worldwide than any other type of crop; they are therefore staple foods....
  s
• distillers grains - from ethanol
  Ethanol
  
  Ethanol, also called ethyl alcohol, pure alcohol, grain alcohol, or drinking alcohol, is a volatility , flammable, colorless liquid....
   fermentation
• glycerol
  Glycerol
  
  Glycerol is a chemical compound also commonly called glycerin or glycerine. It is a colorless, odorless, Viscosity liquid that is widely used in pharmaceutical formulations....
   - from the production of biodiesel
  Biodiesel
  
  Biodiesel refers to a non-petroleum-based diesel fuel consisting of long chain alkyl esters, made by transesterification of vegetable oil or animal fat , which can be used in unmodified diesel-engine vehicles....
  
• grape seed oil
  Grape seed oil
  
  Not to be confused with Rapeseed oil.Grape seed oil is a vegetable oil pressed from the seeds of various varieties of List of grape varieties, an abundant by-product of winemaking....
   - recovered from leftovers of the winemaking process
• molasses
  Molasses
  
  Molasses is a thick by-product from the processing of the sugar beet or sugar cane into sugar. The word molasses comes from the Portuguese language word mela?o, which comes from "meli", the Greek word for "honey"....
   - from sugar refining
• orange oil
  Orange oil
  
  Orange oil is an essential oil produced by glands inside the rind of an orange . It is extracted or Steam distillation as a by-product of orange juice production....
   and other citrus oils - recovered from the peels of processed fruit
• pectin
  Pectin
  
  Pectin is a structural heteropolysaccharide contained in the primary cell walls of terrestrial plants. It was first isolated and described in 1825 by Henri Braconnot....
   - recovered from the remains of processed fruit
• sawdust
  Sawdust
  
  File:Saw dust .jpgSawdust is composed of fine particles of wood. This material is produced from cutting with a saw, hence its name. It has a variety of practical uses, including serving as a mulch, or as an alternative to clay cat litter, or as a fuel, or for the manufacture of particleboard....
   and bark
  BARK
  
  BARK was an early Electromechanics. BARK was built using standard phone relays, implementing a 32-bit binary machine and could perform addition in 150 ms and multiplication in 250 ms....
  - from the processing of log
  Logging
  
  Logging is the process in which certain trees are cut down for forest management and timber....
  s into lumber
  Lumber
  
  Lumber or timber is wood in any of its stages from logging through readiness for use as structural material for construction, or wood pulp for paper production....
  
• soybean meal
  Soybean meal
  
  Soybean meal is an ingredient found in some dog food and cattle feeding. According to AAFCO is the product obtained by grinding the flakes which remain after removal of most of the oil from soybeans by a solvent or mechanical extraction process....
   - from soybean processing
• straw
  Straw
  
  Straw is an agricultural by-product, the dry wikt:stalk of a cereal plant, after the grain or seed has been removed. Straw makes up about half of the yield of cereal crops such as barley, oats, rice, rye and wheat....
  - from grain harvesting

Minerals and petro chemicals

• asphalt
  Asphalt
  
  Asphalt is a sticky, black and highly viscosity liquid or semi-solid that is present in most crude petroleums and in some natural deposits sometimes termed asphaltum....
   - from the refining of crude oil
• fly ash
  Fly ash
  
  Fly ash is one of the residues generated in the combustion of coal. Fly ash is generally captured from the chimneys of Fossil fuel power plant, and is one of two types of ash that jointly are known as coal ash; the other, bottom ash, is removed from the bottom of coal furnaces....
   - from the combustion of coal
  Coal
  
  Coal is a readily combustion black or brownish-black sedimentary rock. The harder forms, such as anthracite, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure....
  
• slag
  Slag
  
  Slag is a partially vitreous by-product of smelting ore to purify metals. They can be considered to be a mixture of metal oxides; however, they can contain metal sulfides and metal atoms in the elemental form....
   - from ore
  Ore
  
  An ore is a type of Rock that contains minerals such as gemstones and metals that can be extracted through mining and refined for use. Samples of ore in the form of exceptionally beautiful crystals, exotic layering visible when sectioned or polished or metallic presentations such as large nuggets or crystalline formations of metals suc...
   refining
• gypsum
  Gypsum
  
  Gypsum is a very soft mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, with the chemical formula calciumsulfuroxygen4?2water....
   - from Flue gas desulfurization
  Flue gas desulfurization
  
  Flue gas desulfurization is commonly known as FGD and is the technology used for removing sulfur dioxide from the exhaust Flue gas emissions from fossil fuel combustion in Fossil fuel power plant that burn coal or oil to produce steam for the steam turbines that drive their electricity generators....
  
• ash
  Ash (analytical chemistry)
  
  In analytical chemistry, ashing is the process of mineralization for preconcentration of trace substances prior to chemical analysis.< Ash is the name given to all non-aqueous residue that remains after a sample is burned, and consist mostly of metal oxides....
   and smoke
  Smoke
  
  File:Bling-Bling Skywriting David Shankbone.jpgSmoke is the collection of airborne solid and liquid particulates and gases emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis, together with the quantity of air that is entrainment or otherwise mixed into the mass....
   - from the combustion of fuel
• mineral oil
  Mineral oil
  
  Mineral oil or liquid petroleumis a by-product in the distillation of petroleum to produce gasoline and other petroleum based products from crude oil....
   - from refining crude oil to produce gasoline
• salt
  Salt
  
  A salt, in chemistry, is defined as the product formed from the neutralisation reaction of acids and base . Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions so that the product is electrically electric charge ....
   - from desalination
  Desalination
  
  Desalination, desalinization, or desalinisation refers to any of several processes that remove excess sodium chloride and other minerals from water....
  

Other

• sludge
  Sludge
  
  Sludge is the residual semi-solid material left from industrial, or wastewater Sewage_treatment#Secondary_treatment. When fresh sewage or wastewater is added to a settling Storage tank, approximately 50% of the suspended solid matter will settle out in an hour and a half....
   - from wastewater treatment

See also

• By-product synergy