Burgomaster

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Municipal government

• Bürgermeister, in German: in Germany
  Germany
  
  Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a country in Central Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands....
  , Austria
  Austria
  
  Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It borders both Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west....
  , and formerly in Switzerland
  Switzerland
  
  Switzerland is a landlocked Swiss Alps country of roughly 7.7 million people in Western Europe with an area of 41,285 km?. Switzerland is a federal republic consisting of 26 states called Cantons of Switzerland....
  . In Switzerland, the title was abolished mid-19th century; various current titles for roughly equivalent offices include Gemeinde
  Gemeinde
  
  Gemeinde is a German word for borough, commune , community, township, municipality, or in religious contexts, a parish or congregation ....
  präsident, Stadtpräsident, Gemeindeammann, and Stadtammann.
• In an important city, especially in a city state (Stadtstaat), where one of the Bürgermeister has a rank equivalent to that of a minister-president
  Minister-President
  
  A minister-president is the head of government in a number of European countries or subnational governments, who presides over the council of ministers....
  , there can be several posts called Bürgermeister in the city's executive college, justifying the use of a compound title for the actual highest Magistrate (also rendered as Lord Mayor), such as:
• Regierender Bürgermeister (literally 'Governing Burgomaster' commonly translated as 'Lord Mayor') in Berlin
  Berlin
  
  Berlin is the Capital of Germany city and one of sixteen States of Germany of Germany. With a population of 3.4 million within its city limits, Berlin is the country's largest city....
  , while in Berlin the term Bürgermeister without attribute refers to the heads of its 12 borough
  Borough
  
  A borough is an administrative division of various countries. In principle, the term borough designates a self-governing township although, in practice, official use of the term varies widely....
  s.
• Erster Bürgermeister (literally 'First Burgomaster') in Hamburg
  Hamburg
  
  Hamburg is the second-largest city in Germany , and is the Largest cities of the European Union by population within city limits. The city is home to approximately 1.8 million people, while the Hamburg metropolitan area has more than 4.3 million inhabitants....
  
• Bürgermeister und Präsident des Senats ('Burgomaster and President of the Senate') in Bremen
  Bremen (state)
  
  The Free Hanseatic City of Bremen is the smallest of Germany's 16 States of Germany . A more informal name, but used in some official contexts, is Land Bremen ....
  
• Oberbürgermeister ('Supreme Burgomaster') is the most common version. The Ober- (lit. upper) prefix is used in many ranking systems for the next level up including military designations. The mayors of cities, which simultaneously comprise one of Germany's 112 urban districts usually bear this title. Urban districts are comparable to independent cities
  Independent city
  
  An independent city is a city that does not form part of another general-purpose local government entity.Independent cities should not be confused with city-states , which are fully sovereign cities that are not part of any other nation-state....
   in the English-speaking world. However, also the mayors of some cities, which do not comprise an urban district, but often used to comprise one until the territorial reform in the 1970s, bear the title Oberbürgermeister.
• Präsidierender Bürgermeister ('Presidential Burgomaster') is an obsolete formulation sometimes found in historic texts.
• Borgmester (Danish
  Danish language
  
  Danish is one of the North Germanic languages , a sub-group of the Germanic languages branch of the Indo-European languages. It is spoken by around 6 million people, mainly in Denmark; the language is also used by the 50,000 Danes in the northern parts of Schleswig-Holstein in Germany where it holds the status of minority language....
  )
• Borgomastro o Sindaco-Borgomastro (Italian
  Italian language
  
  Italian is a Romance languages spoken by about 63 million people as a first language, primarily in Italy. In Switzerland, Italian is one of four Linguistic geography of Switzerlands....
  ): in few communes of Lombardy
  Lombardy
  
  Lombardy is one of the 20 regions of Italy. The capital is Milan. One-sixth of Italy's population lives in Lombardy and about one fifth of Italy's GDP is produced in this region....
  
• Burgemeester in Dutch
  Dutch language
  
  Dutch is a West Germanic languages spoken by over 22 million people as a first language, and about 5 million people as a second language."1% of the EU population claims to speak Dutch well enough in order to have a conversation." Outside the European Union the number of second language speakers of Dutch is very small. Most native...
  : Belgium
  Belgium
  
  * A small German-speaking Community of Belgium exists in eastern Wallonia. Belgium's linguistic diversity and related political and cultural conflicts are reflected in the history of Belgium and a complex Communities and regions of Belgium....
   (also Bourgmestre in French; a party-political post, though formally nominated by the regional government and answerable to it, the federal state and even the province) and in The Netherlands nominated by the municipal council but appointed by the crown. In theory above the parties, in practice a high profile party-political post.
• Bourgmestre (French
  French language
  
  French is a Romance language spoken around the world by around 80 million people as first language, by 190 million as second language, and by about another 200 million people as an acquired tongue, with significant speakers in 54 countries....
  ) in Belgium, Luxembourg
  Luxembourg
  
  Luxembourg , officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , is a small landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany....
   and the Democratic Republic of the Congo
  Administrative divisions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
  
  Territorial Organisation in the Democratic Republic of the CongoReference : The administrative hierarchy of Political subdivisions in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is as follows...
  
• Burmistras (Lithuanian
  Lithuanian language
  
  Lithuanian is the official state language of Lithuania and is recognised as one of the official languages of the European Union. There are about 2.96 million native Lithuanian speakers in Lithuania and about 170,000 abroad....
  ), derived from German.
• Buergermeeschter (Luxembourgish
  Luxembourgish language
  
  Luxembourgish , also called Luxembourgian, also spelled Luxemburgish, is one of the West Central German dialects of High German spoken in Luxembourg....
  )
• Polgármester (Hungarian
  Hungarian language
  
  Hungarian is a Uralic languages unrelated to most other languages in Europe. It is mainly spoken in Hungary and by the Hungarian minorities in the seven neighbouring countries....
  ), derived from German.
• Posadnik (Old Church Slavic) Russian local title (Novgorod)
• Burmistrz (Polish
  Polish language
  
  Polish , an official language of Poland, has the largest number of speakers of any West Slavic languages. Polish-speakers use the language in a uniform manner through most of Poland, and it has a regular orthography....
  ), a mayoral title, derived from German. The German form Oberbürgermeister ('Supreme Burgomaster') is often translated as Nadburmistrz. The German-derived terminology reflects the involvement of German settlers in the early history of many Polish towns.
• Borgmästare, kommunalborgmästare (Swedish
  Swedish language
  
  Swedish is a North Germanic languages language, spoken by around 10 million people, predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland, especially along the coast and on the ?land islands....
  ); the title is not used in Sweden in present times, the closest equivalent being kommunalråd (often translated to English as Municipal commissioner
  Municipal Commissioner
  
  Municipal Commissioner is an office and political title in the Municipalities of Sweden for councillors with executive responsibilities. The Commissioners are the only full-time employed office-holders outside the municipal civil service....
  ) or borgarråd (only in Stockholm City
  Stockholm Municipality
  
  Stockholm Municipality or the City of Stockholm is a municipalities of Sweden in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. It is the largest of the 290 municipalities of the country in terms of population, but one of the smaller in terms of area, making it the most densely populated....
  ).
• Boargemaster (West Frisian
  West Frisian language
  
  West Frisian is a language spoken mostly in the province of Friesland in the north of the Netherlands. West Frisian is the name by which this language is usually known outside of the Netherlands, to distinguish it from the closely related Frisian languages of Saterland Frisian language and North Frisian language, which are spoken in Germany...
  )
• Pormestari (Finnish
  Finnish language
  
  Finnish is the language spoken by the majority of the population in Finland and by Finnish people outside of Finland. It is one of the official languages of Finland and an official minority language in Sweden....
  )

Compound title at supra-municipal level

• Amtsbürgermeister (German
  German language
  
  German is a West Germanic languages, thus related to and classified alongside English language and Dutch language. It is one of the world's world language and the most widely spoken mother tongue in the European Union....
  ; roughly translated: 'District Burgomaster') can be used for the Chief Magistrate of a Swiss constitutive Canton, as in Aargau
  Aargau
  
  Aargau is one of the more northerly Cantons of Switzerland of Switzerland. It comprises the lower course of the river Aare, which is why the canton is called Aargau ....
   1815-1831 (next styled Landamman)

Sources and references