Bumps race
Encyclopedia
A bumps race is a form of rowing
Rowing (sport)
Rowing is a sport in which athletes race against each other on rivers, on lakes or on the ocean, depending upon the type of race and the discipline. The boats are propelled by the reaction forces on the oar blades as they are pushed against the water...

 race in which a number of boats chase each other in single file, each boat attempting to catch and "bump" the boat in front without being caught by the boat behind.

The form is mainly used intramurally
Intramural sports
Intramural sports or intramurals are recreational sports organized within a set geographic area. The term derives from the Latin words intra muros meaning "within walls", and was used to indicate sports matches and contests that took place among teams from "within the walls" of an ancient city...

 at the University of Cambridge
University of Cambridge
The University of Cambridge is a public research university located in Cambridge, United Kingdom. It is the second-oldest university in both the United Kingdom and the English-speaking world , and the seventh-oldest globally...

, since 1827, and at the University of Oxford
University of Oxford
The University of Oxford is a university located in Oxford, United Kingdom. It is the second-oldest surviving university in the world and the oldest in the English-speaking world. Although its exact date of foundation is unclear, there is evidence of teaching as far back as 1096...

 since 1815. Bumps racing in fours is also the format of intramural rowing at Eton College
Eton College
Eton College, often referred to simply as Eton, is a British independent school for boys aged 13 to 18. It was founded in 1440 by King Henry VI as "The King's College of Our Lady of Eton besides Wyndsor"....

 and at Royal Shrewsbury School. It is particularly suited where the stretch of water available is long but narrow, precluding side-by-side racing. Bumps racing gives a sharper feel of immediate competition than a head race
Head race
A head race is a time-trial competition in the sport of rowing, also known as crew to a few USA organizations. Head races are typically held in the fall and spring seasons. These events draw many athletes as well as observers...

, where boats are simply timed over a fixed course. Few rowers worldwide frequent rivers as narrow as the Cam
River Cam
The River Cam is a tributary of the River Great Ouse in the east of England. The two rivers join to the south of Ely at Pope's Corner. The Great Ouse connects the Cam to England's canal system and to the North Sea at King's Lynn...

 or the Isis, but bumps races are also contested elsewhere ( v. infra.)

Racing practice and procedures

Bumps races are typically raced over several days. The starting order of each day's competition is based on the previous day's results; the first day's starting order each year being determined by that left from the last day of the previous year. Each day the boats line up bow-to-stern, usually along the bank of the river, with a set distance between each boat and the next (usually about one and a half boat-lengths of clear water). The starting positions are usually marked by a rope or chain attached to the bank, the other end of which is held by each boat's cox
Coxswain
The coxswain is the person in charge of a boat, particularly its navigation and steering. The etymology of the word gives us a literal meaning of "boat servant" since it comes from cox, a coxboat or other small vessel kept aboard a ship, and swain, which can be rendered as boy, in authority. ...

. Boats wait along the bank, and may be poled out just in time for the start, to avoid drifting. At the start signal the cox lets go of the rope and the crew starts to row, attempting to catch and bump the boat in front while simultaneously being chased by the one behind.

A bump is made when any form of contact is made with the boat in front, however, outright collisions are neither necessary nor encouraged. Alternatively, if possible, an overtaking-bump occurs when the stern of the chasing boat completely passes the bow of the boat in front. This is relatively rare simply because it is easier to make contact with a rival boat than it is to overtake it. A bump of this kind usually only occurs when a boat crashes. Under the current Cambridge rules, to overtake requires only bowball to bowball overtaking; side by side is good enough, and in the early part of the course a bump is deemed to occur when the bowball of the chasing crew passes the cox of the crew being chased.

Generally, and at Oxford during Eights Week
Eights Week
Eights Week, also known as Summer Eights, is a four-day regatta of bumps races which constitutes the University of Oxford's main intercollegiate rowing event of the year. The regatta takes place in May of each year, from the Wednesday to the Saturday of the fifth week of Trinity term...

, once a bump has occurred both crews pull over to the riverbank and take no further part in that race. At Oxford during Torpids
Torpids
Torpids is one of two series of bumping races held yearly at Oxford University, the other being Eights. Over 130 men's and women's crews race for their colleges in six men's divisions and five women's; almost 1200 participants in total...

 a bumping crew pulls over but the bumped crew must continue racing over the entire course and can be bumped by more than one crew per day. As bumps racing usually takes place on narrow stretches of water, when contact does occur it is possible for two or more boats to become tangled up or not to clear the river quickly enough leading to the racing line becoming blocked. This can be very dangerous and the possibility of boats getting damaged is high. To avoid this, the cox of the boat being bumped can concede as soon as slight physical contact occurs or even once it is inevitable. Nonetheless, collisions involving several boats are common. Crews in Torpids tend to concede bumps early to avoid being entangled with the crew that caught them: should they be unable to continue, other boats may row past, overtake and 'bump' the stationary crew. Any crew that has been bumped starts behind the boat or boats that caught it; they switch places. A boat which reaches the finish line without either bumping or being bumped is said to have 'rowed over' and stays in the same position.

Organisation

As the length of the racing course is limited, large regatta
Regatta
A regatta is a series of boat races. The term typically describes racing events of rowed or sailed water craft, although some powerboat race series are also called regattas...

s are organized into divisions of twelve to twenty boats. Each division races separately, but they are ranked to achieve an overall order of crews; e.g. the top crew in the second division is considered to be one place behind the last crew in the first division. The first day's starting position is based on the final positions from the previous year, though in the bottom divisions the boats may be placed according to qualifying getting on races held a prior to the event. This allows boat clubs to introduce new crews. On each day of a bumps regatta the division races are rowed in reverse order. A crew finishing at the top of a division race goes on to compete in the next-higher division later that day (starting last). Alternatively, a crew finishing last in a division must race in the next-lower division the following day (starting first). This is referred to as a sandwich boat and allows crews to move between divisions.
Since all boats row at the same time, it is possible that the boat in front of yours may catch the boat ahead of it before you catch them. Since (except at Oxford during Torpids) these boats both then drop out, you must now attempt to catch the next boat ahead of you still racing (most often the one which started three places ahead). Success in such a case is called an overbump and, in exchanging places with the boat you bumped, you move a full three places up the start order. Further still, it is possible, though very rare, to double-overbump (move up five places). Very few triple-overbumps (seven places) are known of. Overbumps, and variants thereof, are most common in the lower divisions where the quality of the crews varies greatly year-on-year.

The ultimate achievement in such a competition is to finish first in the overall order; that crew is said to be 'Head of the River'. This is only realistically possible for crews starting a bump race in the top 5 places. A more attainable goal for any crew, apart from moving up towards the headship, is to bump up a place (or more) on each of the four days. The crew is said to have "won its blades", or achieved blades. Traditionally, members of such a crew can purchase a rowing oar in the crew colours and inscribed with the crews' names and the boats they bumped to hang on their wall. Conversely, crews that go down four places win a wooden spoon, achieving spoons. The bottom crew at the bottom of the last division is known as the 'Tail of the River'. A bumps chart is a graphical representation of the week's results; each boat's fortunes can be traced as its line on the chart rises and falls.

At Cambridge, the most successful college boat club over the four days of the May Bumps is awarded the Pegasus Cup, sponsored by Milton Brewery
Milton Brewery
Milton Brewery is a brewery in the village of Milton, on the outskirts of the city of Cambridge, England.It was established in 1999. Its first beer, named Pegasus, has won several awards including runner-up for the CAMRA Champion Beer of Britain...

.

Races

Both Oxford and Cambridge Universities host two sets of university bumps races per year, one in early spring and one in early summer, each lasting four days. At Cambridge these are called "Lent Bumps
Lent Bumps
The Lent Bumps are a set of rowing races held annually on the River Cam in Cambridge. They began in 1887, after separating from the May Bumps, the equivalent bumping races held in mid-June. Prior to the separation there had been a single set of annual bumps dating from its inception in 1827...

" and "May Bumps
May Bumps
The May Bumps are a set of rowing races, held annually on the River Cam in Cambridge. They began in 1887 after separating from the Lent Bumps, the equivalent bumping races held at the end of February or start of March. Prior to the separation there had been a single set of annual bumps dating from...

" respectively, while at Oxford they are "Torpids
Torpids
Torpids is one of two series of bumping races held yearly at Oxford University, the other being Eights. Over 130 men's and women's crews race for their colleges in six men's divisions and five women's; almost 1200 participants in total...

" and "Summer Eights". The races are for eights
Eight (rowing)
An Eight is a rowing boat used in the sport of competitive rowing. It is designed for eight rowers, who propel the boat with sweep oars, and is steered by a coxswain, or cox....

 (i.e. eight rowers with a cox steering), each representing one of the university's various college
College
A college is an educational institution or a constituent part of an educational institution. Usage varies in English-speaking nations...

s. Larger colleges may put in several crews.

In both Oxford
Oxford
The city of Oxford is the county town of Oxfordshire, England. The city, made prominent by its medieval university, has a population of just under 165,000, with 153,900 living within the district boundary. It lies about 50 miles north-west of London. The rivers Cherwell and Thames run through...

 and Cambridge
Cambridge
The city of Cambridge is a university town and the administrative centre of the county of Cambridgeshire, England. It lies in East Anglia about north of London. Cambridge is at the heart of the high-technology centre known as Silicon Fen – a play on Silicon Valley and the fens surrounding the...

, there are also separate Town Bumps races in which local clubs compete. Oxford's races, run by the City of Oxford Rowing Club (CORC) are open to all-comers and are raced in fours
Coxed four
A coxed four is a rowing boat used in the sport of competitive rowing. It is designed for four persons who propel the boat with sweep oars and is steered by a cox....

, all races taking place on the same day. Cambridge's races are run under the auspices of the Cambridgeshire Rowing Association
Cambridgeshire Rowing Association
The Cambridgeshire Rowing Association is based in Cambridge, UK. It is the administrative body for non-college rowing in Cambridge and since 1868 has organised races such as the CRA Bumps as well as looking after the interests of local rowing by providing facilities and regular meetings to discuss...

 (CRA) and are run exclusively in eights. There are typically four men's divisions with 17 boats (plus a sandwich boat) in each division, and two women's divisions. The bumps are fiercely contested, and the ideal that the bumps should be for local rowers can lead to disputes over whether crews are 'legal'http://www.cambridge-news.co.uk/cn_search/home.asp?searchterm=bumps&SearchButton.x=9&SearchButton.y=6.

The United Hospitals
United Hospitals
United Hospitals is the historical collective name of the medical schools of London. They are all part of the University of London with the exception of Imperial College School of Medicine which left in 2007. The original United Hospitals referred to Guy's Hospital and St Thomas's Hospital and...

 boat club hold a bumps race over three days each May after exams on the River Thames
River Thames
The River Thames flows through southern England. It is the longest river entirely in England and the second longest in the United Kingdom. While it is best known because its lower reaches flow through central London, the river flows alongside several other towns and cities, including Oxford,...

, racing from upstream of Kew Bridge
Kew Bridge
Kew Bridge is a bridge in London over the River Thames. The present bridge was designed by John Wolfe-Barry and opened in 1903 by King Edward VII. The bridge was givenGrade II listed structure protection in 1983.- Location :...

 adjacent to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, usually referred to as Kew Gardens, is 121 hectares of gardens and botanical glasshouses between Richmond and Kew in southwest London, England. "The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew" and the brand name "Kew" are also used as umbrella terms for the institution that runs...

 ending at the UL Boathouse
University of London Boat Club
University of London Boat Club is the rowing club for the University of London, covering all the university's constituent Colleges . The club has its boat house on the River Thames in Chiswick, London, United Kingdom...

 at Chiswick
Chiswick
Chiswick is a large suburb of west London, England and part of the London Borough of Hounslow. It is located on a meander of the River Thames, west of Charing Cross and is one of 35 major centres identified in the London Plan. It was historically an ancient parish in the county of Middlesex, with...

. Traditionally involving only medical school crews, in recent years alumni and non-medical crews have been allowed to enter as invitational crews.

Eton College
Eton College
Eton College, often referred to simply as Eton, is a British independent school for boys aged 13 to 18. It was founded in 1440 by King Henry VI as "The King's College of Our Lady of Eton besides Wyndsor"....

, where bumping races were first devised and then carried to Oxford and Cambridge by ex-pupils, still has an annual bumping race. It takes place over four evenings, in early May. There is usually one boat entered per house, and one boat entered by college. Because of the dangerous nature of the sport, only fours are used, and only the second and third years may row. On the fourth evening there are prizes for the leaders of the chart and also a 'Bumping Cup' for the boat who has made the most bumps over the four nights. The event is marshaled by senior rowers and rowing prefects called The Monarch. The crew training is mainly pupil driven. Previously races were run every day until there were no more bumps (i.e. until they were nominally in speed order). This historical set-up could lead to weeks of racing and was therefore abandoned in favour of a four-day version more than a hundred years ago.

See also

  • Cambridge Bumps:
    • Lent Bumps
      Lent Bumps
      The Lent Bumps are a set of rowing races held annually on the River Cam in Cambridge. They began in 1887, after separating from the May Bumps, the equivalent bumping races held in mid-June. Prior to the separation there had been a single set of annual bumps dating from its inception in 1827...

      : 1998
      Lent Bumps 1998
      The Lent Bumps 1998 were a series of rowing races held at Cambridge University from Tuesday 24 until Saturday 28 February 1998. The event was run as a bumps race and is one of a series of Lent Bumps which have been held annually in late-February or early March since 1887. See Lent Bumps for the...

      , 1999
      Lent Bumps 1999
      The Lent Bumps 1999 were a series of rowing races held at Cambridge University from Tuesday February 23, 1999 until Saturday February 27, 1999. The event was run as a bumps race and is one of a series of Lent Bumps which have been held annually in late-February or early March since 1887. See Lent...

      , 2000
      Lent Bumps 2000
      The Lent Bumps 2000 were a series of rowing races held at Cambridge University from Tuesday February 29, 2000 until Saturday March 4, 2000. The event was run as a bumps race and is one of a series of Lent Bumps which have been held annually in late-February or early March since 1887. See Lent Bumps...

      , 2001
      Lent Bumps 2001
      The Lent Bumps 2001 were a series of rowing races held at Cambridge University from Tuesday February 27, 2001 until Thursday March 1, 2001. The event was run as a bumps race and is one of a series of Lent Bumps which have been held annually in late-February or early March since 1887. See Lent Bumps...

      , 2002
      Lent Bumps 2002
      The Lent Bumps 2002 were a series of rowing races held at Cambridge University from Wednesday March 1, 2002 until Saturday March 4, 2002. The event was run as a bumps race and has been held annually in late-February or early March since 1887. See Lent Bumps for the format of the races...

      , 2003
      Lent Bumps 2003
      The Lent Bumps 2003 were a series of rowing races held at Cambridge University from Tuesday February 25, 2003 until Saturday March 1, 2003. The event was run as a bumps race and has been held annually in late-February or early March since 1887. See Lent Bumps for the format of the races...

      , 2004
      Lent Bumps 2004
      The Lent Bumps 2004 were a series of rowing races held at Cambridge University from Tuesday, 24 February 2004 until Saturday 28 February 2004. The event was run as a bumps race and is one of the series of Lent Bumps which have been held annually in late-February or early March since 1887. See Lent...

      , 2005
      Lent Bumps 2005
      The Lent Bumps 2005 were a series of rowing races held at Cambridge University from Tuesday March 1, 2005 until Saturday March 5, 2005. The event was run as a bumps race and is the most recent in the series of Lent Bumps which have been held annually in late-February or early March since 1887. See...

      , 2006
      Lent Bumps 2006
      The Lent Bumps 2006 was a series of rowing races held at Cambridge University from Tuesday February 28, 2006 until Saturday March 4, 2006. The event was run as a bumps race and has been held annually in late-February or early March in this format since 1887. See Lent Bumps for the format of the races...

      , 2007
      Lent Bumps 2007
      The Lent Bumps 2007 was a series of rowing races held at Cambridge University from Tuesday February 27, 2007 until Saturday March 3, 2007. The event was run as a bumps race and was the last set in the series of Lent Bumps which have been held annually in late-February or early March in this form...

      , 2008
      Lent Bumps 2008
      The Lent Bumps 2008 were a series of rowing races at the University of Cambridge held on the River Cam from Tuesday February 26, 2008 until Saturday March 1, 2008. The event was run as a bumps race and was the 121st race in the series of Lent Bumps, which have been held annually in late February or...

      , 2009
      Lent Bumps 2009
      The Lent Bumps 2009 is a series of rowing races held at Cambridge University from Tuesday February 24, 2009 until Saturday February 28, 2009. The event was run as a bumps race and was the 122nd in the series of Lent Bumps which have been held annually in late-February or early March in this form...

      , 2010
      Lent Bumps 2010
      The Lent Bumps 2010 was a series of rowing races held at Cambridge University from Tuesday 23 February 2010 until Saturday 27 February 2010. The event was run as a bumps race and was the 123rd in the series of Lent Bumps which have been held annually in late-February or early March in this form...

      , 2011
      Lent Bumps 2011
      The Lent Bumps 2011 was a series of rowing races being held at Cambridge University from Tuesday 1 March 2011 until Saturday 5 March 2011. The event was run as a bumps race and is the 124th set of races in the series of Lent Bumps which have been held annually in late-February or early March in...

    • May Bumps
      May Bumps
      The May Bumps are a set of rowing races, held annually on the River Cam in Cambridge. They began in 1887 after separating from the Lent Bumps, the equivalent bumping races held at the end of February or start of March. Prior to the separation there had been a single set of annual bumps dating from...

      : 1998
      May Bumps 1998
      The May Bumps 1998 were a set of rowing races held at Cambridge University from Wednesday June 10, 1998 until Saturday June 13, 1998. The event was run as a bumps race and is one of a series of that have been held annually in mid-June since 1887. See May Bumps for the format of the races...

      , 1999
      May Bumps 1999
      The May Bumps 1999 were a set of rowing races held at Cambridge University from Wednesday June 9, 1999 until Saturday June 12, 1999. The event was run as a bumps race and is one of a series of May Bumps that have been held annually in mid-June since 1887. See May Bumps for the format of the races...

      , 2000
      May Bumps 2000
      The May Bumps 2000 were a set of rowing races held at Cambridge University from Wednesday June 14, 2000 until Saturday June 17, 2000. The event was run as a bumps race and is one of a series of May Bumps which have been held annually in mid-June since 1887. See May Bumps for the format of the races...

      , 2001
      May Bumps 2001
      The May Bumps 2001 were a set of rowing races held at Cambridge University from Wednesday 13 June 2001 until Saturday 16 June 2001. The event was run as a bumps race and has been held annually in mid-June since 1887. See May Bumps for the format of the races...

      , 2002
      May Bumps 2002
      The May Bumps 2002 were a set of rowing races held at Cambridge University from Wednesday June 12, 2002 until Saturday June 15, 2002. The event was run as a bumps race and is one of a series that have been held annually in mid-June in this form since 1887. See May Bumps for the format of the races...

      , 2003
      May Bumps 2003
      The May Bumps 2003 were a set of rowing races held at Cambridge University from Wednesday June 11, 2003 until Saturday June 14, 2003. The event was run as a bumps race and have been held annually in mid-June since 1887. See May Bumps for the format of the races...

      , 2004
      May Bumps 2004
      The May Bumps 2004 were a set of rowing races held at Cambridge University from Wednesday June 9, 2004 until Saturday June 12, 2004. The event was run as a bumps race and is one of a series of May Bumps which have been held annually in mid-June since 1887. See May Bumps for the format of the races...

      , 2005
      May Bumps 2005
      The May Bumps 2005 were a series of rowing races held at Cambridge University from Wednesday 15 June 2005 until Saturday 18 June 2005. The event was run as a bumps race and have been held annually in mid-June since 1887. See May Bumps for the format of the races...

      , 2006
      May Bumps 2006
      The May Bumps 2006 was a set of rowing races held at Cambridge University from Wednesday June 14, 2006 until Saturday June 17, 2006. The event was run as a bumps race and have been held annually in mid-June since 1887. See May Bumps for the format of the races...

      , 2007
      May Bumps 2007
      The May Bumps 2007 were a series of rowing races held at Cambridge University from Wednesday 13 June 2007 until Saturday 16 June 2007. The races were run as a bumps race in the series of May Bumps which have been held annually in mid-June in this form since 1887. See May Bumps for the format of the...

      , 2008
      May Bumps 2008
      The May Bumps 2008 were a series of rowing races held at Cambridge University from Wednesday 11 June 2008 until Saturday 14 June 2008. The races were run as a bumps race and have been held annually in mid-June in this form since 1887. See May Bumps for the format of the races...

      , 2009
      May Bumps 2009
      The May Bumps 2009 were a series of rowing races held in Cambridge with crews from all Cambridge University Colleges and Anglia Ruskin University from Wednesday 10 June 2009 until Saturday 13 June 2009. The races are to be run as a bumps race, which have been held annually in mid-June in this form...

      , 2010
      May Bumps 2010
      The May Bumps 2010 were a series of rowing races held in Cambridge with crews from the boat clubs of all Cambridge University Colleges, the University Medical and Veterinary Schools and Anglia Ruskin University from Wednesday 9 June 2010 until Saturday 12 June 2010. The races were run as a bumps...

      , 2011
      May Bumps 2011
      The May Bumps 2011 were a series of rowing races held in Cambridge with crews from the boat clubs of all Cambridge University Colleges, the University Medical and Veterinary Schools and Anglia Ruskin University from Wednesday 15 June 2011 until Saturday 18 June 2011. The races were run as a bumps...

  • Oxford Bumps:
    • Torpids
      Torpids
      Torpids is one of two series of bumping races held yearly at Oxford University, the other being Eights. Over 130 men's and women's crews race for their colleges in six men's divisions and five women's; almost 1200 participants in total...

    • Eights Week
      Eights Week
      Eights Week, also known as Summer Eights, is a four-day regatta of bumps races which constitutes the University of Oxford's main intercollegiate rowing event of the year. The regatta takes place in May of each year, from the Wednesday to the Saturday of the fifth week of Trinity term...


External links

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