Bruno Frank
Encyclopedia
Bruno Frank was a German
author, poet, dramatist, and humanist
.
Frank studied law
and philosophy
in Munich
, where he later worked as a dramatist and novelist until the Reichstag fire
in 1933. Persecuted by the government because of his Jewish heritage, he left Nazi Germany
with his wife, Liesl, daughter of famed operetta diva
Fritzi Massary
. They lived for four years in Austria
and England
, then in 1937 finally went to the USA
, where he was reunited with his friends Heinrich Mann
and Thomas Mann
. Frank is considered part of the group of anti-nazi writers whose works constitute German Exilliteratur
. He continued to write, producing two novels, and worked in the film industry for the rest of his life.
Frank wrote the screenplay for the popular movie version of The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1939 film)
, directed by William Dieterle
and starring Charles Laughton
, based on the novel by Victor Hugo
. Frank's play, Sturm Im Wasserglas, was posthumously made into a movie directed by Josef von Baky
in 1960.
His nephew Anthony M. Frank
became United States Postmaster General
in 1988.
On his death in 1945 of a heart attack, Bruno Frank was interred in the Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California
.
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
author, poet, dramatist, and humanist
Humanism
Humanism is an approach in study, philosophy, world view or practice that focuses on human values and concerns. In philosophy and social science, humanism is a perspective which affirms some notion of human nature, and is contrasted with anti-humanism....
.
Frank studied law
Law
Law is a system of rules and guidelines which are enforced through social institutions to govern behavior, wherever possible. It shapes politics, economics and society in numerous ways and serves as a social mediator of relations between people. Contract law regulates everything from buying a bus...
and philosophy
Philosophy
Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Philosophy is distinguished from other ways of addressing such problems by its critical, generally systematic approach and its reliance on rational...
in Munich
Munich
Munich The city's motto is "" . Before 2006, it was "Weltstadt mit Herz" . Its native name, , is derived from the Old High German Munichen, meaning "by the monks' place". The city's name derives from the monks of the Benedictine order who founded the city; hence the monk depicted on the city's coat...
, where he later worked as a dramatist and novelist until the Reichstag fire
Reichstag fire
The Reichstag fire was an arson attack on the Reichstag building in Berlin on 27 February 1933. The event is seen as pivotal in the establishment of Nazi Germany....
in 1933. Persecuted by the government because of his Jewish heritage, he left Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany , also known as the Third Reich , but officially called German Reich from 1933 to 1943 and Greater German Reich from 26 June 1943 onward, is the name commonly used to refer to the state of Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a totalitarian dictatorship ruled by...
with his wife, Liesl, daughter of famed operetta diva
Diva
A diva is a celebrated female singer. The term is used to describe a woman of outstanding talent in the world of opera, and, by extension, in theatre, cinema and popular music. The meaning of diva is closely related to that of "prima donna"....
Fritzi Massary
Fritzi Massary
Fritzi Massary was an Austrian-American actress and soprano singer....
. They lived for four years in Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
and England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
, then in 1937 finally went to the USA
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
, where he was reunited with his friends Heinrich Mann
Heinrich Mann
Luiz Heinrich Mann was a German novelist who wrote works with strong social themes. His attacks on the authoritarian and increasingly militaristic nature of pre-World War II German society led to his exile in 1933.-Life and work:Born in Lübeck as the oldest child of Thomas Johann Heinrich Mann...
and Thomas Mann
Thomas Mann
Thomas Mann was a German novelist, short story writer, social critic, philanthropist, essayist, and 1929 Nobel Prize laureate, known for his series of highly symbolic and ironic epic novels and novellas, noted for their insight into the psychology of the artist and the intellectual...
. Frank is considered part of the group of anti-nazi writers whose works constitute German Exilliteratur
Exilliteratur
German Exilliteratur is the name for a category of books in the German language written by writers of anti-nazi attitude who fled from Nazi Germany between 1933 and 1945...
. He continued to write, producing two novels, and worked in the film industry for the rest of his life.
Frank wrote the screenplay for the popular movie version of The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1939 film)
The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1939 film)
The Hunchback of Notre Dame is a 1939 American monochrome film starring Charles Laughton as Quasimodo and Maureen O'Hara as Esmeralda. It was directed by William Dieterle and produced by Pandro S. Berman...
, directed by William Dieterle
William Dieterle
William Dieterle was a German actor and film director, who worked in Hollywood for much of his career. His best known films include The Devil and Daniel Webster, The Story of Louis Pasteur and The Hunchback of Notre Dame...
and starring Charles Laughton
Charles Laughton
Charles Laughton was an English-American stage and film actor, screenwriter, producer and director.-Early life and career:...
, based on the novel by Victor Hugo
Victor Hugo
Victor-Marie Hugo was a Frenchpoet, playwright, novelist, essayist, visual artist, statesman, human rights activist and exponent of the Romantic movement in France....
. Frank's play, Sturm Im Wasserglas, was posthumously made into a movie directed by Josef von Baky
Josef von Baky
Josef von Báky was a Hungarian filmmaker. He was also known as Josef v. Baky and József Baky. He was born in the town of Zombor in the Kingdom of Hungary in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, since 1920 Sombor in Yugoslavia., . He worked as an assistant to Geza von Bolvary.He worked as director or...
in 1960.
His nephew Anthony M. Frank
Anthony M. Frank
Anthony Melchior Frank served as the United States Postmaster General from 1988 to 1992.-References:...
became United States Postmaster General
United States Postmaster General
The United States Postmaster General is the Chief Executive Officer of the United States Postal Service. The office, in one form or another, is older than both the United States Constitution and the United States Declaration of Independence...
in 1988.
On his death in 1945 of a heart attack, Bruno Frank was interred in the Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California
Glendale, California
Glendale is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. As of the 2010 Census, the city population is 191,719, down from 194,973 at the 2000 census. making it the third largest city in Los Angeles County and the 22nd largest city in the state of California...
.
Works
His works include:- novel The Days of the King (1924)
- novel Trenck (1924)
- play Twelve Thousand (1927)
- comic play Storm Over Patsy (1930)
- historical novelHistorical novelAccording to Encyclopædia Britannica, a historical novel is-Development:An early example of historical prose fiction is Luó Guànzhōng's 14th century Romance of the Three Kingdoms, which covers one of the most important periods of Chinese history and left a lasting impact on Chinese culture.The...
A Man Called CervantesCervantes-People:*Alfonso J. Cervantes , mayor of St. Louis, Missouri*Francisco Cervantes de Salazar, 16th-century man of letters*Ignacio Cervantes, Cuban composer*Jorge Cervantes, a world-renowned expert on indoor, outdoor, and greenhouse cannabis cultivation...
(1934) - The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1939 film)The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1939 film)The Hunchback of Notre Dame is a 1939 American monochrome film starring Charles Laughton as Quasimodo and Maureen O'Hara as Esmeralda. It was directed by William Dieterle and produced by Pandro S. Berman...