Briz-M

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Briz-M

The Briz-M, also known as Breeze-M, is a Russia

Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
n orbit insertion

Orbit insertion

Orbit insertion is a deceleration or acceleration maneuver performed by a spacecraft designed to allow the spacecraft to be captured into orbit around a planet or other body such as a natural satellite....
booster stage manufactured by Khrunichev

Khrunichev

Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center is a Moscow-based producer of space-launch systems. It is named after Mikhail Khrunichev - a soviet minister....
and used with the Proton-M rocket. It completed its maiden flight in May 2000, when it is delivered the Gorizont

Gorizont

Gorizont, , GRAU index 11F662, is a series of 35 Russian, previously Soviet Union, geosynchronous communications satellite satellites launched between 1978 and 2000....
communications satellite. Briz-M takes much less space onboard the launch vehicle compared to its predecessor, Block D

Block D

Block D is the upper stage of USSR/Russia heavy expendable launch systems, used for the N1 rocket, Proton rocket and Zenit rocket. There were plans to use it for some other rockets as well ....
upper stage, leaving freed volume for the cargo.

A Proton with a Briz-M can place a 4,385 kg satellite, such as an A2100AX, into a target orbit with an apogee of 35,786 km, a perigee of 7,030 km, and an inclination of 17.3°.

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Encyclopedia

The Briz-M, also known as Breeze-M, is a Russia

Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
n orbit insertion

Orbit insertion

Khrunichev

Gorizont

Block D

Rockot

The Rockot is a Russian space launch vehicle that can launch a payload of 1,950 kilograms into a 200 kilometre high Earth orbit with 63Degree inclination....
launch vehicles.

Reliability problems

In recent years, Briz-M has suffered from some number of reliability problems. Most notably, the failures of the launches of Arabsat-4M and AMC-14

AMC-14 (satellite)

AMC-14 is a communications satellite initially owned by SES Americom which was to have been placed in geostationary orbit, following launch by a Proton ....
can be tracked to the Briz-M upper stage used with Proton-M. Following the failure of AMC-14, a modification was made to the Briz-M engine to include a new conduit. The modification will be used on all future Briz-M launches. The launch of the ESA's GOCE

Goce

Goce is a Republic of Macedonia opera, written by Kiril Makedonski. It is a tribute to Gotse Delchev....
satellite was also delayed several months because of a failure during testing of Briz-KM's guidance and navigation systems.

Launch chronology

1999 July 5	launch failure due to explosion of Proton second stage. Carried a Raduga Raduga Raduga can refer to :* MKB Raduga, a Russian maker of missile systems formerly known as OKB Raduga* VBK-Raduga, an unmanned reentry capsule used to return material from the Russian Mir space station... communication satellite.
2000 June 6	successful launch of a Gorizont Gorizont Gorizont, , GRAU index 11F662, is a series of 35 Russian, previously Soviet Union, geosynchronous communications satellite satellites launched between 1978 and 2000.... communication satellite.
2003 June 6	successful launch of an Americom communication satellite.
	successful launch of four GLONASS GLONASS GLONASS is a radio-based satellite navigation system, developed by the former Soviet Union and now operated for the Russian government by the Russian Space Forces.... positioning satellites.
	launch failure leaves Briz-M and payload in unusable orbit. Carried an Arabsat-4M communication satellite. The booster eventually explodes on February 19 2007, producing over 1000 trackable pieces of space debris Space debris Space debris or orbital debris, also called space junk and space waste, are the objects in orbit around Earth created by humans, and that no longer serve any useful purpose.... .
2007 July 7	successful launch of DirecTV-10
14 March 2008	failed during second burn, leaving AMC-14 AMC-14 (satellite) AMC-14 is a communications satellite initially owned by SES Americom which was to have been placed in geostationary orbit, following launch by a Proton .... in useless orbit. The failure was caused by a ruptured exhaust gas conduit, which led to a shutdown of the turbo pump feeding the Briz-M engine.
19 August 2008	successful launch of the Inmarsat 4 F3 satellite. A modification was made to the Briz-M engine to include a new conduit in response to the March 14 failure. This modification will be used in all future launches.
20 September 2008	successful launch of Nimiq-4 Nimiq The Nimiq satellites are four Canada Geostationary satellite telecommunications satellites owned by Telesat and used by satellite television provider Bell TV....
05 November 2008	successful launch of Astra 1M from Baikonur, Kazakhstan